Abstract
This study aims to determine the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of Salmonella isolates of broiler meat and chicken samples against a total of 23 antimicrobial agents. For this, 64 meat and 79 chicken Salmonella isolates, which were obtained from retail meat and farm samples analyzed in our laboratory from February 2006 to January 2009, were used. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least 4 antimicrobials tested, with the common highest resistance rates to erythromycin (100.0%), bacitracin (99.3%), and rifampicin (98.6%), regardless of the sample type. Additionally, meat isolates were 100.0% resistant to bacitracin, clindamycin, erythromycin, rifampicin, and chicken isolates were 100.0% resistant to erythromycin, spiramycin, penicillin G, doxycycline hydrochloride, and tetracycline. Four to 7 Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Salmonella conformed 82.83% of all meat isolates, and 10, 12, 15, and 17 MDR Salmonella conformed 55.68% of all chicken isolates analyzed. The B/DA/E/RD and N/B/CT/E/SP/P/RD/DO/OT/TE resistances were the most common patterns as 35.94% and 13.92% within meat and chicken isolates, respectively. The considerably high resistance rates and MDR types to commonly used antimicrobial agents among the Salmonella isolates tested pose a significant risk factor for the treatment of foodborne Salmonella infections in humans
References
- Acha PN, Szyfres B (2001): Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals. 3rd edn., Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization,Vol.1, pp. 233-246.
- Angulo FJ, Nargund VN, Chiller TC (2004): Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. J Vet Med B, 51, 374- 379.
- Bekele B, Ashenafi M (2010): Distribution of drug resistance among enterococci and Salmonella from poultry and cattle in Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Pro, 42, 857- 864.
- Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, Prieto M (2007): Prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovars and genovars from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Spain. J Appl Microbiol, 103, 1366-1375.
- Chiu LH, Chiu CH, Horn YM, Chiou CS, Lee CY, Yeh CM, Yu CY, Wu CP, Chang CC, Chu C (2010): Characterization of 13 multi-drug resistant Salmonella serovars from different broiler chickens associated with those of human isolates. BMC Microbiol, 10, 86.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2006): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests. Approved Standard, 10th edn. Documents M02-A10, M7-A8, M100-S19, Vol. 26, No. 1. Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
- Elgroud R, Zerdoumi F, Benazzouz M, Bouzitouna- Bentchouala C, Granier SA, Frémy S, Brisabois A, Dufour B, Millemann Y (2009): Characteristics of Salmonella contamination of broilers and slaughterhouses in the region of Constantine (Algeria). Zoonoses Public Hlth, 56, 84-93.
- Guthrie RK (1992): Salmonella, CRC Press, USA, pp. 23- 156.
- Hohmann EL (2001): Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis, 32, 263-269.
- Ishihara K, Takahashi T, Morioka A, Kojima A, Kijima M, Asai T, Tamura Y (2009): National surveillance of Salmonella enterica in food-producing animals in Japan. Acta Vet Scand, 51, 35.
- Kalender H, Muz A (1999): Typing of Salmonella speciess isolated from chickens in Elazıg region. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 23, 297-303.
- Kang ZW, Jung JH, Kim SH, Lee BK, Lee DY, Kim YJ, Lee JY, Won HK, Kim EH, Hahn TW (2009): Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from chickens and humans in Korea. J Vet Med Sci, 71, 1433-1438.
- Kasimoglu Dogru A, Ayaz ND, Gencay YE (2009): Serotype identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses. Trop Anim Health Pro, 42, 893-897.
- Kilinc U, Aydin F (2006): Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated chicken from poultry enterprises in Kayseri region. J Health Sci, 15, 35-40.
- Lestari SI, Han F, Wang F, Ge B (2009): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars in conventional and organic chickens from Louisiana retail stores. J Food Prot, 72, 1165-1172.
- Little CL, Richardson JF, Owen RJ, De Pinna E, Threlfall EJ (2008): Prevalence, characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw poultry meat in the UK, 2003-2005. Int J Environ Heal R, 18, 403-414.
- Miranda JM, Mondragon AC, Martinez B, Guarddon M, Rodriguez JA (2009): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella from different raw foods in Mexico. J Food Prot, 72, 966-971.
- Parveen S, Taabodi M, Schwarz JG, Oscar TP, Harter- Dennis J, White DG (2007): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from processed poultry. J Food Prot, 70, 2466-2472.
- Poppe C (1999): Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, In: A.M. Saeed, R.K. Gast, P.G. Wall (eds), Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Control, Iowa State Univ. Press, USA, pp. 3-18.
- Turkish Food Codex (2002): Regulation on the maximum residue limits on veterinary drugs in animal-derived foods. Legislation No: 2002/30.
- Van TTH, Moutafis G, Istivan T, Tran LT, Coloe PJ (2007): Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance. Appl Environ Microb, 73, 6885- 6890.
- Yan H, Li L, Alam MJ, Shinoda S, Miyoshi S, Shi L (2010): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail foods in Northern China. Int J Food Microbiol, 143, 230-234.
- Zewdu E, Cornelius P (2009): Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from food items and personnel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Pro, 41, 241-249. Geliş tarihi: 07.09.2011 / Kabul tarihi: 17.11.2011 Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr. Aysegul Eyigor Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Uludag University 16059, Görükle Campus Bursa, Turkey Email: aeyigor@uludag.edu.tr Phone: +90.224.2941334 Fax: +90.224.294 1202
Abstract
Bu çalışmada tavuk eti ve tavuk orijinli Salmonella izolatlarında 23 antimikrobiyal ajana karşı dirençlilik fenotiplerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile perakende satış yerleri ve çiftlik örneklerinden elde edilen 64 adet et ve 79 adet tavuk Salmonella izolatı, Şubat 2006 ile Ocak 2009 arasında laboratuvarımızda analiz edildi. Tüm Salmonella izolatlarının, örnek tipi göz önünde bulundurulmaksızın, test edilen antimikrobiyalleden en yüksek direnç oranı ile sırası ile eritromisin’e (%100.0), basitrasin’e (%99.3) ve rifampisin’e (%98.6) olmak üzere en az 4 antimikrobiyale dirençli olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, et izolatlarının basitrasin, klindamisin, eritromisin, rifampisin’e; tavuk izolatlarının ise eritromisin, spiramisin, penisilin G, doksisiklin hidroklorür ve tetrasiklin’e %100.0 dirençli olduğu bulundu. Tüm et izolatlarının %82.83’ü 4 ile 7 Çoklu İlaç Direnci (ÇİD) gösterirken, tüm tavuk izolatlarının %55.68’i 10, 12, 15 ve 17 antimikrobiyale ÇİD gösterdiği belirlendi. Et izolatlarında %35.94 oranında ve tavuk izolatlarında ise %13.92 oranında olmak üzere en sık rastlanan ÇİD paternleri sırasıyla B/DA/E/RD ve N/B/CT/E/SP/P/RD/DO/OT/TE olarak bulundu. Salmonella izolatlarında karşılaşılan bu yüksek dirençlilik oranlarının ve ÇİD paternlerinin insanlardaki Salmonella infeksiyonlarının tedavisinde risk oluşturabileceği belirtildi
Keywords
References
- Acha PN, Szyfres B (2001): Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals. 3rd edn., Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization,Vol.1, pp. 233-246.
- Angulo FJ, Nargund VN, Chiller TC (2004): Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. J Vet Med B, 51, 374- 379.
- Bekele B, Ashenafi M (2010): Distribution of drug resistance among enterococci and Salmonella from poultry and cattle in Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Pro, 42, 857- 864.
- Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, Prieto M (2007): Prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovars and genovars from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Spain. J Appl Microbiol, 103, 1366-1375.
- Chiu LH, Chiu CH, Horn YM, Chiou CS, Lee CY, Yeh CM, Yu CY, Wu CP, Chang CC, Chu C (2010): Characterization of 13 multi-drug resistant Salmonella serovars from different broiler chickens associated with those of human isolates. BMC Microbiol, 10, 86.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2006): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests. Approved Standard, 10th edn. Documents M02-A10, M7-A8, M100-S19, Vol. 26, No. 1. Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
- Elgroud R, Zerdoumi F, Benazzouz M, Bouzitouna- Bentchouala C, Granier SA, Frémy S, Brisabois A, Dufour B, Millemann Y (2009): Characteristics of Salmonella contamination of broilers and slaughterhouses in the region of Constantine (Algeria). Zoonoses Public Hlth, 56, 84-93.
- Guthrie RK (1992): Salmonella, CRC Press, USA, pp. 23- 156.
- Hohmann EL (2001): Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis, 32, 263-269.
- Ishihara K, Takahashi T, Morioka A, Kojima A, Kijima M, Asai T, Tamura Y (2009): National surveillance of Salmonella enterica in food-producing animals in Japan. Acta Vet Scand, 51, 35.
- Kalender H, Muz A (1999): Typing of Salmonella speciess isolated from chickens in Elazıg region. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 23, 297-303.
- Kang ZW, Jung JH, Kim SH, Lee BK, Lee DY, Kim YJ, Lee JY, Won HK, Kim EH, Hahn TW (2009): Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from chickens and humans in Korea. J Vet Med Sci, 71, 1433-1438.
- Kasimoglu Dogru A, Ayaz ND, Gencay YE (2009): Serotype identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses. Trop Anim Health Pro, 42, 893-897.
- Kilinc U, Aydin F (2006): Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated chicken from poultry enterprises in Kayseri region. J Health Sci, 15, 35-40.
- Lestari SI, Han F, Wang F, Ge B (2009): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars in conventional and organic chickens from Louisiana retail stores. J Food Prot, 72, 1165-1172.
- Little CL, Richardson JF, Owen RJ, De Pinna E, Threlfall EJ (2008): Prevalence, characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw poultry meat in the UK, 2003-2005. Int J Environ Heal R, 18, 403-414.
- Miranda JM, Mondragon AC, Martinez B, Guarddon M, Rodriguez JA (2009): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella from different raw foods in Mexico. J Food Prot, 72, 966-971.
- Parveen S, Taabodi M, Schwarz JG, Oscar TP, Harter- Dennis J, White DG (2007): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from processed poultry. J Food Prot, 70, 2466-2472.
- Poppe C (1999): Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, In: A.M. Saeed, R.K. Gast, P.G. Wall (eds), Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Control, Iowa State Univ. Press, USA, pp. 3-18.
- Turkish Food Codex (2002): Regulation on the maximum residue limits on veterinary drugs in animal-derived foods. Legislation No: 2002/30.
- Van TTH, Moutafis G, Istivan T, Tran LT, Coloe PJ (2007): Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance. Appl Environ Microb, 73, 6885- 6890.
- Yan H, Li L, Alam MJ, Shinoda S, Miyoshi S, Shi L (2010): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail foods in Northern China. Int J Food Microbiol, 143, 230-234.
- Zewdu E, Cornelius P (2009): Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from food items and personnel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Pro, 41, 241-249. Geliş tarihi: 07.09.2011 / Kabul tarihi: 17.11.2011 Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr. Aysegul Eyigor Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Uludag University 16059, Görükle Campus Bursa, Turkey Email: aeyigor@uludag.edu.tr Phone: +90.224.2941334 Fax: +90.224.294 1202
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA79TK22YN |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2012 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2012 |