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Mycoplasma gallisepticum ile doğal enfekte kınalı kekliklerde (Alectoris chukar) ve Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) patomorfolojik ve immünohistokimyasal incelemeler

Year 2012, , 29 - 34, 01.03.2012

Nihat Toplu Hamdi Avcı Erkmen Tuğrul Epikmen

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497

Abstract

Çalışmada, doğal enfekte kınalı kekliklerde (5 adet) ve Japon bıldırcınlarında (11 adet) Mycoplasma gallisepticum tarafından oluşturulan mikoplazmozisin patomorfolojik bulguları ve immünohistokimyasal olarak da mikroorganizma antijenlerinin doku yerleşimleri tanımlandı. Her iki hayvan türünde; durgunluk, yem tüketiminde azalma, zayıflama, serözden katarala kadar değişen nazal akıntı ve konjuktivitis dikkati çeken klinik bulgulardı. Bu bulguları takiben hayvanların genellikle 3-4 hafta içinde öldüğü belirtildi. Mortalitenin kınalı kekliklerde % 43, Japon bıldırcınlarında % 37 olduğu bildirildi. Nekropside en çok göze çarpan bulgu; nazal ve paranazal sinüslerde, tek ya da çift taraflı, değişen derecelerde şişkinlik ve içleri sarımtrak renkte kazeöz eksudat birikimiydi. Bazı olgularda hava keseleri kalınlaşmış ve mat bir görünüme sahipti. Histopatolojik incelemede; sinüsler genellikle nekrotik doku kalıntıları, dökülmüş epitel hücreleri, bakteri kümeleri ve heterofil lökositlerden oluşan kazeifiye eksudat içermekte idi. Ayrıca, sinüslerde müköz bezlerde hiperplazi, submukozada fokal lenfoid hücre hiperplazileri ve/veya diffuz mononüklear hücre infiltrasyonları göze çarptı. Tavuktan elde anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum poliklonal antikoru kullanılarak yapılan immünofloresan incelemede, bakteriyel antijenler nazal ve paranazal sinüslerdeki eksudat içerisinde yoğun şekilde; daha az olmak üzere de trake, hava keseleri, akciğerler ve bağırsaklarda saptandı. Çalışma sonuçları, Mycoplasma gallisepticum’un izolasyonunun ve identifikasyonunun gerçekleştirilemediği koşullarda, immünofloresan yöntemin hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur

Keywords

İmmünofloresan Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kınalı keklik (Alectoris chukar) Mycoplasma gallisepticum

References

  • Bencina D, Dorrer D, Tadina T (1987): Mycoplasma species isolated from six avian species. Avian Pathol, 16, 653-664.
  • Bencina D, Tadina T, Dorrer D (1988): Natural infection of geese with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae and egg transmission of the Mycoplasmas. Avian Pathol, 17, 925-928.
  • Bradbury JM, Yavari CA, Dare CM (2001): Mycoplasmas and respiratory disease in pheasants and partridges. Avian Pathol, 30, 391-396.
  • Christensen NH, Yavari CA, McBain AJ, Bradbury JM (1994): Investigations in the survival of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma iowae on materials found in the poultry house environment. Avian Pathol, 23, 127-143.
  • Dhondt KV, Dhondt AA, Ley DH (2007): Effects of route of inoculation on Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in captive house finches. Avian Pathol, 36, 475-479.
  • Esendal ÖM (2002): Mikoplazma infeksiyonları. 79-92. In: M. İzgür, M. Akan (Eds), Kanatlı Hayvan Hastalıkları. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Feberwee A, Mekkes DR, Klinkenberg D, Vernooij JCM, Gielkens ALJ, Stegeman JA (2005): An experimental model to quantify horizontal transmission of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Pathol, 34, 355-361.
  • Ganapathy K, Bradbury JM (1998): Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma imitans in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Avian Pathol, 27, 455-463.
  • Jordan FTW (1975). Avian Mycoplasma and pathognecity-a review. Avian Pathol, 4, 165-174.
  • Jordan FTW (1983): Recovery and identification of avian mycoplasmas. Diagnostic mycoplasmology. 69-79. In: JG. Tully, S. Razin (Eds), Methods in mycoplasmology, Academic Press, New York.
  • Kleven SH (1998): Mycoplasmas in the etiology of multifactorial respiratory disease. Poult Sci, 77 1146- 1149.
  • Kollias GV, Sydenstricker KV, Kollias HW, Ley DH, Hosseini PR, Connolly V, Dhondt AA (2004): Experimental infection of house finches with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J Wildlife Dis, 40, 79-86.
  • Ley DH, Yoder HW (1997): Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. 194–207. In: BW Calnek, (Ed), Diseases of Poultry. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Ley DH (2003): Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection. 722- 744. In: YM Saif, HJ Barnes, AM Fadly, JR Glisson, LR McDougald, DE Swayne (Eds), Disease of Poultry. Iowa State Pres, Ames, Iowa, USA.
  • Luna LG (1968). Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • McMartin DA, Damassa AJ, McKeen WD, Read D, Daft B, Lam KM (1996): Experimental reproduction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum disease in chukar partridges (Alectoris graeca). Avian Dis, 40, 408-416.
  • Mohommed HO, Carpenter TE, Yamamoto R (1987): Economic impact of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in commercial layer flocks. Avian Dis, 31, 477- 482.
  • Murakami S, Miyama M, Ogawa A, Shimada J, Nakane T (2002): Occurrence of conjunctivitis, sinusitis and upper region tracheitis in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica), possibly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum accompanied by Cryptosporidium sp. infection. Avian Pathol 31, 363-370.
  • Nunoya T, Kanai T, Yagihashi S, Hoshi K, Shibuya T, Tajima M (1997): Natural case of salpingitis apparently caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. Avian Pathol, 26, 391-398.
  • Poveda JB, Carnanza J, Miranda A, Garrido A, Hermoso M, Fernandez A, Domenech J (1990): An epizootiological study of avian mycoplasmas in southern spain. Avian Pathol, 19, 627-633.
  • Reece RL, Ireland L, Barr DA (1986): Infectious sinusitis associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in game birds. Aust Vet J, 63, 167-168.
  • Talkington FD, Kleven SH (1983): A classification of laboratory strains of avian mycoplasma serotypes by direct immunofluorescence. Avian Dis, 27, 422-429.
  • Thomas L, Davidson M, Mcluskey RT (1966): The production of cerebral polyarteritis by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Turkeys; The neurotoxic property of the Mycoplasma. J Exp Med, 123, 897-912.
  • Wallace A, Clyde JR, Thomas L (1973): Tropism of Mycoplasma gallisepticum for arterial walls. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 70, 1545-1549.

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Year 2012, , 29 - 34, 01.03.2012

Nihat Toplu Hamdi Avcı Erkmen Tuğrul Epikmen

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497

Abstract

The present study describes pathomorphological findings and tissue localisation of bacterial antigens immunohistochemically in naturally infected partridges (n: 5) and Japanese quails (n: 11) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. In both animal species, marked clinical findings were lethargy, decreased food consumption and body condition, conjunctivitis as well as nasal discharge ranging from serous to catarrhal. Following these findings, death of the animals occurred usually within 3-4 weeks. The mortality rate was 43% and 37% in partridges and Japanese quails, respectively. At necropsy, nasal and paranasal sinuses were filled with yellowish caseous exudate uni- or bilaterally at varying degrees. In some cases, air sacs were thickened and opaque in appearance. In histopathological examination, sinuses were filled with caseous exudate including necrotic tissue debris, clumps of bacteria, and heterophile leukocytes. Additionally, there was hyperplasia of mucous glands and focal lymphoid cell hyperplasia and/or diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrations in submucosa of sinuses. In fluorescent antibody examination using polyclonal chicken anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum primary antibody, bacterial antigens were found abundantly in the exudate in nasal and paranasal sinuses and, to a lesser extend, in trachea, air sacs, lungs and intestines. As a result, this study indicated that if Mycoplasma gallisepticum couldn’t be isolated and identificated, immunofluorescence method could be used quickly and safely

Keywords

Immunofluorescence japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Mycoplasma gallisepticum partridges (Alectoris chukar)

References

  • Bencina D, Dorrer D, Tadina T (1987): Mycoplasma species isolated from six avian species. Avian Pathol, 16, 653-664.
  • Bencina D, Tadina T, Dorrer D (1988): Natural infection of geese with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae and egg transmission of the Mycoplasmas. Avian Pathol, 17, 925-928.
  • Bradbury JM, Yavari CA, Dare CM (2001): Mycoplasmas and respiratory disease in pheasants and partridges. Avian Pathol, 30, 391-396.
  • Christensen NH, Yavari CA, McBain AJ, Bradbury JM (1994): Investigations in the survival of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma iowae on materials found in the poultry house environment. Avian Pathol, 23, 127-143.
  • Dhondt KV, Dhondt AA, Ley DH (2007): Effects of route of inoculation on Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in captive house finches. Avian Pathol, 36, 475-479.
  • Esendal ÖM (2002): Mikoplazma infeksiyonları. 79-92. In: M. İzgür, M. Akan (Eds), Kanatlı Hayvan Hastalıkları. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Feberwee A, Mekkes DR, Klinkenberg D, Vernooij JCM, Gielkens ALJ, Stegeman JA (2005): An experimental model to quantify horizontal transmission of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Pathol, 34, 355-361.
  • Ganapathy K, Bradbury JM (1998): Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma imitans in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Avian Pathol, 27, 455-463.
  • Jordan FTW (1975). Avian Mycoplasma and pathognecity-a review. Avian Pathol, 4, 165-174.
  • Jordan FTW (1983): Recovery and identification of avian mycoplasmas. Diagnostic mycoplasmology. 69-79. In: JG. Tully, S. Razin (Eds), Methods in mycoplasmology, Academic Press, New York.
  • Kleven SH (1998): Mycoplasmas in the etiology of multifactorial respiratory disease. Poult Sci, 77 1146- 1149.
  • Kollias GV, Sydenstricker KV, Kollias HW, Ley DH, Hosseini PR, Connolly V, Dhondt AA (2004): Experimental infection of house finches with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J Wildlife Dis, 40, 79-86.
  • Ley DH, Yoder HW (1997): Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. 194–207. In: BW Calnek, (Ed), Diseases of Poultry. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Ley DH (2003): Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection. 722- 744. In: YM Saif, HJ Barnes, AM Fadly, JR Glisson, LR McDougald, DE Swayne (Eds), Disease of Poultry. Iowa State Pres, Ames, Iowa, USA.
  • Luna LG (1968). Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • McMartin DA, Damassa AJ, McKeen WD, Read D, Daft B, Lam KM (1996): Experimental reproduction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum disease in chukar partridges (Alectoris graeca). Avian Dis, 40, 408-416.
  • Mohommed HO, Carpenter TE, Yamamoto R (1987): Economic impact of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in commercial layer flocks. Avian Dis, 31, 477- 482.
  • Murakami S, Miyama M, Ogawa A, Shimada J, Nakane T (2002): Occurrence of conjunctivitis, sinusitis and upper region tracheitis in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica), possibly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum accompanied by Cryptosporidium sp. infection. Avian Pathol 31, 363-370.
  • Nunoya T, Kanai T, Yagihashi S, Hoshi K, Shibuya T, Tajima M (1997): Natural case of salpingitis apparently caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. Avian Pathol, 26, 391-398.
  • Poveda JB, Carnanza J, Miranda A, Garrido A, Hermoso M, Fernandez A, Domenech J (1990): An epizootiological study of avian mycoplasmas in southern spain. Avian Pathol, 19, 627-633.
  • Reece RL, Ireland L, Barr DA (1986): Infectious sinusitis associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in game birds. Aust Vet J, 63, 167-168.
  • Talkington FD, Kleven SH (1983): A classification of laboratory strains of avian mycoplasma serotypes by direct immunofluorescence. Avian Dis, 27, 422-429.
  • Thomas L, Davidson M, Mcluskey RT (1966): The production of cerebral polyarteritis by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Turkeys; The neurotoxic property of the Mycoplasma. J Exp Med, 123, 897-912.
  • Wallace A, Clyde JR, Thomas L (1973): Tropism of Mycoplasma gallisepticum for arterial walls. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 70, 1545-1549.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Other ID JA87TM22TZ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nihat Toplu

Hamdi Avcı

Erkmen Tuğrul Epikmen

Publication Date March 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012

Cite

APA Toplu, N., Avcı, H., & Epikmen, E. T. (2012). Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 59(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497
AMA Toplu N, Avcı H, Epikmen ET. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. March 2012;59(1):29-34. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497
Chicago Toplu, Nihat, Hamdi Avcı, and Erkmen Tuğrul Epikmen. “Pathomorphological and Immunohistochemical Examinations in Naturally Infected partridges(Alectoris Chukar) and Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) With Mycoplasma Gallisepticum”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 59, no. 1 (March 2012): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497.
EndNote Toplu N, Avcı H, Epikmen ET (March 1, 2012) Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 59 1 29–34.
IEEE N. Toplu, H. Avcı, and E. T. Epikmen, “Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 29–34, 2012, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497.
ISNAD Toplu, Nihat et al. “Pathomorphological and Immunohistochemical Examinations in Naturally Infected partridges(Alectoris Chukar) and Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) With Mycoplasma Gallisepticum”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 59/1 (March 2012), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497.
JAMA Toplu N, Avcı H, Epikmen ET. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2012;59:29–34.
MLA Toplu, Nihat et al. “Pathomorphological and Immunohistochemical Examinations in Naturally Infected partridges(Alectoris Chukar) and Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) With Mycoplasma Gallisepticum”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 59, no. 1, 2012, pp. 29-34, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002497.
Vancouver Toplu N, Avcı H, Epikmen ET. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical examinations in naturally infected partridges(Alectoris chukar) and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2012;59(1):29-34.