Research Article
Year 2020,
, 243 - 248, 03.06.2020
Abstract
References
- 1. Aspri M, Bozoudi D, Tsaltas D, et al (2016): Raw donkey milk as a source of Enterococcus diversity: Assessment of their technological properties and safety characteristics. Food Control, 73, 81–90.
- 2. Auria ED, Mandelli M, Ballista P, et al (2011): Growth impairment and nutritional deficiencies in a cow's milk-allergic infant fed by unmodified donkey's milk. Case Rep Pediatr, 2011, 1–4.
- 3. Benkerroum N (2008): Antimicrobial activity of lysozyme with special relevance to milk. Afr J Biotechnol, 7, 4856–4867.
- 4. Carminati D, Tidona F, Fornasari ME, et al (2014): Biotyping of cultivable lactic acid bacteria isolated from donkey milk. Lett Appl Microbiol, 59, 299–305.
- 5. Cavallarin L, Giribaldi M, SotoDel Rio MD, et al (2015): A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy. Food Control, 50, 230–235.
- 6. Chandrashekar KM, Sharada R, Isloor S, et al (2018): Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Effect of Donkey Milk against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 7, 3237-3242.
- 7. Chiavari C, Coloretti F, Nanni M, et al (2005): Use of donkey's milk for a fermented beverage with lactobacilli. Le Lait, 85, 481–490.
- 8. Claeys WL, Verraes C, Cardoen S, et al (2014): Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species: An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits. Food Control, 42, 188–201.
- 9. Colavita G, Amadoro C, Salimei E (2011): Latte di asina: aspetti igienico-sanitari e normativi. Argoment, 3, 61–70.
- 10. Csapo J, Stefler J, Martin TG, et al (1995): Composition of mares' colostrum and milk. Fat content, fatty acid composition and vitamin content. Int Dairy J, 5, 393–402.
- 11. Fantuz F, Ferraro S, Todini L, et al (2012): Donkey milk concentration of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium. Int Dairy J, 24, 143–145.
- 12. Fantuz F, Vincenzetti S, Polidori P, et al (2001): Study on the Protein Fractions of Donkey Milk. 635–637. In: Proceedings of 14th Congress ASPA, Firenze, Italy.
- 13. Franciosi E, Settanni L, Cavazza A, et al (2009): Biodiversity and technological potential of wild lactic acid bacteria from raw cows' milk. Int Dairy J, 19, 3–11.
- 14. Harmon RJ (1994): Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. J Dairy Sci, 77, 2103–2112.
- 15. Hegde R, Isloor S, Prabhu K N, et al. (2013): Incidence of subclinical mastitis and prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in organized farms and unorganized sectors. Indian J Microbiol, 53, 315–320.
- 16. Lievaart JJ, Barkema HW, Kremer WDJ, et al (2007): Effect of herd characteristics, management practices, and season on season on different categories of the herd somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci, 90, 4137–4144.
- 17. ISO 13366-2/IDF 148-2 (2006): Enumeration of Somatic Cells. Part 2: Guidance on the Operation of Fluoro-Opto-Electronic Counters. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 18. ISO 4832 (2006): Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs. Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coliforms. Colony-Count Technique. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 19. ISO 4833 (2013): Microbiology of the Food Chain. Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms. Part 1: Colony Count at 30 Degrees OC by the Pour Plate Technique. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 20. ISO 6888-1 (1999): Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs. Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus Aureus and Other Species). Part 1: Technique Using Baird-Parker Agar Medium. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 21. Ivankovic A, Ramljak J, Stulina I (2009): Characteristics of the lactation, chemical composition and milk hygiene quality of the Littoral-Dinaric ass. Mljekarstvo, 59, 107–113.
- 22. Jirillo E, DAlessandro AG, Amati L, et al (2010): Modulation of the human aged immune responce by donkey milk intake. In: Prooceedings of 61st Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Heraklion, Greece.
- 23. Kocic H, Stankovic M, Arsic I (2017): Nanoliposome encapsulation with donkey milk bioactive proteins and its possible application in dermatology and cosmetics. Acta Fac Med, 34, 199–204.
- 24. Lifschitz C, Szajewska H (2015): Cow's milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner. Eur J Pediatr, 174, 141–150.
- 25. Malik TA, Mohini M, Mir SH, et al (2018): Somatic cells in relation to udder health and milk quality-a review. J Anim Health Prod, 6, 18–26.
- 26. Malissiova E, Arsenos G, Papademas P, et al (2016): Assessment of donkey milk chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes in Greece and Cyprus. Int J Dairy Technol, 69, 143–146.
- 27. Mao X, Gu J, Sun Y, et al (2009): Anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effect of active components in donkey milk on A549 human lung cancer cells. Int Dairy J, 19, 703–708.
- 28. Martini M, Altomonte I, Salari F, et al (2014): Short communication: monitoring of Amiata donkey milk: lactation and productive season. J Dairy Sci, 97, 6819–6822.
- 29. Mathara JM, Schillinger U, Kutima PM, et al (2004): Isolation, identification and characterisation of the dominant microorganisms of kule naoto: the Maasai traditional fermented milk in Kenya. Int J Food Microbiol, 94, 269–278.
- 30. Mundan D, Meral BA, Demir A, et al (2015): Economic evaluation of the count of total bacteria and somatic cells in milk in dairy cattle. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 4, 84–89.
- 31. Picon A, Garde S, Avila M, et al (2016): Microbiota dynamics and lactic acid bacteria biodiversity in raw goat milk cheeses. Int Dairy J, 58, 14–22.
- 32. Pilla R, Dapra V, Zecconi A, et al (2010): Hygienic and health of donkey milk during a follow up study. Int Dairy J, 77, 392–397.
- 33. Polidori P, Vincenzetti S (2013): Use of donkey milk in children with cow’s milk protein allergy. Foods, 2, 151–159.
- 34. Sahinturk M, Oner Z (2017): Determination of chemical and microbiological properties of donkey's milk produced in Isparta. Gıda, 42, 348–354.
- 35. Salimei E, Fantuz F, Coppola R, et al (2004): Composition and characteristics of ass’s milk. Anim Res, 53, 67–78
- 36. Salimei E, Fantuz F (2012): Equid milk for human consumption. Int Dairy J, 24, 130–142.
- 37. Šarić LĆ, Šarić BM, Mandić AI, et al (2012): Antibacterial properties of domestic Balkan donkeys’ milk. Int Dairy J, 25, 142–146.
- 38. Sarno E, Santoro AML, Di Palo R, et al (2012): Microbiological quality of raw donkey milk from Campania region. Ital J Anim Sci, 11, 266–269.
- 39. Stiles ME, Holzapfel WH (1997): Lactic acid bacteria of foods and their current taxonomy. Int J Food Microbiol, 36, 1–29.
- 40. Varga AG, Ishler VA (2007): Managing Nutrition for Optimal Milk Components. In: Proocedings of Western Dairy Management Conference. Reno, NV.
- 41. Zhang XY, Zhao L, Jiang L, et al (2008): The antimicrobial activity of donkey milk and its microflora changes during storage. Food Control, 19, 1191–1195.
Year 2020,
, 243 - 248, 03.06.2020
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk samples collected from clinically healthy appearance donkeys, which raised in two different donkey farm in Balıkesir province of Turkey. In this study, a total of 78 raw milk samples collected from 26 donkeys. The average dry matter, protein, fat and lactose value of raw donkey milk samples in farm 1 and 2 was determined as 8.89%, 8.79%; 1.57% and 1.47%; 0.70%, 0.45%, 6.48% and 6.06%, respectively. The average total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and somatic cell counts in farm 1 and 2 were found as 3.88 and 4.50 log CFU/mL, 3461 and 13000 cells/mL, respectively. The average counts of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus spp., coliform bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus spp. in farm 1 and 2 were detected as 2.66 and 2.33 log CFU/mL, 1.5 and 1.7 log CFU/mL, 2.16 and 3.30, 4.32 and 5.12 log CFU/mL, respectively. Statistical differences were observed between farms in terms of both fat and lactose values and microbiological parameters (P<0.05), except for coliform bacteria. The presence of indicator microorganisms in the raw donkey milk can be indicative of the presence of foodborne pathogens. Raw donkey milk is mostly consumed by cancer patients due to its anticancerogenic effect. Therefore, raw donkey milk may pose a risk for cancer patients and public health. As a result, a solid hygiene policy must be applied in the production of donkey milk, and fresh milk should be stored below the refrigerator temperature.
References
- 1. Aspri M, Bozoudi D, Tsaltas D, et al (2016): Raw donkey milk as a source of Enterococcus diversity: Assessment of their technological properties and safety characteristics. Food Control, 73, 81–90.
- 2. Auria ED, Mandelli M, Ballista P, et al (2011): Growth impairment and nutritional deficiencies in a cow's milk-allergic infant fed by unmodified donkey's milk. Case Rep Pediatr, 2011, 1–4.
- 3. Benkerroum N (2008): Antimicrobial activity of lysozyme with special relevance to milk. Afr J Biotechnol, 7, 4856–4867.
- 4. Carminati D, Tidona F, Fornasari ME, et al (2014): Biotyping of cultivable lactic acid bacteria isolated from donkey milk. Lett Appl Microbiol, 59, 299–305.
- 5. Cavallarin L, Giribaldi M, SotoDel Rio MD, et al (2015): A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy. Food Control, 50, 230–235.
- 6. Chandrashekar KM, Sharada R, Isloor S, et al (2018): Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Effect of Donkey Milk against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 7, 3237-3242.
- 7. Chiavari C, Coloretti F, Nanni M, et al (2005): Use of donkey's milk for a fermented beverage with lactobacilli. Le Lait, 85, 481–490.
- 8. Claeys WL, Verraes C, Cardoen S, et al (2014): Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species: An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits. Food Control, 42, 188–201.
- 9. Colavita G, Amadoro C, Salimei E (2011): Latte di asina: aspetti igienico-sanitari e normativi. Argoment, 3, 61–70.
- 10. Csapo J, Stefler J, Martin TG, et al (1995): Composition of mares' colostrum and milk. Fat content, fatty acid composition and vitamin content. Int Dairy J, 5, 393–402.
- 11. Fantuz F, Ferraro S, Todini L, et al (2012): Donkey milk concentration of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium. Int Dairy J, 24, 143–145.
- 12. Fantuz F, Vincenzetti S, Polidori P, et al (2001): Study on the Protein Fractions of Donkey Milk. 635–637. In: Proceedings of 14th Congress ASPA, Firenze, Italy.
- 13. Franciosi E, Settanni L, Cavazza A, et al (2009): Biodiversity and technological potential of wild lactic acid bacteria from raw cows' milk. Int Dairy J, 19, 3–11.
- 14. Harmon RJ (1994): Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. J Dairy Sci, 77, 2103–2112.
- 15. Hegde R, Isloor S, Prabhu K N, et al. (2013): Incidence of subclinical mastitis and prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in organized farms and unorganized sectors. Indian J Microbiol, 53, 315–320.
- 16. Lievaart JJ, Barkema HW, Kremer WDJ, et al (2007): Effect of herd characteristics, management practices, and season on season on different categories of the herd somatic cell count. J Dairy Sci, 90, 4137–4144.
- 17. ISO 13366-2/IDF 148-2 (2006): Enumeration of Somatic Cells. Part 2: Guidance on the Operation of Fluoro-Opto-Electronic Counters. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 18. ISO 4832 (2006): Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs. Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coliforms. Colony-Count Technique. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 19. ISO 4833 (2013): Microbiology of the Food Chain. Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Microorganisms. Part 1: Colony Count at 30 Degrees OC by the Pour Plate Technique. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 20. ISO 6888-1 (1999): Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs. Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus Aureus and Other Species). Part 1: Technique Using Baird-Parker Agar Medium. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 21. Ivankovic A, Ramljak J, Stulina I (2009): Characteristics of the lactation, chemical composition and milk hygiene quality of the Littoral-Dinaric ass. Mljekarstvo, 59, 107–113.
- 22. Jirillo E, DAlessandro AG, Amati L, et al (2010): Modulation of the human aged immune responce by donkey milk intake. In: Prooceedings of 61st Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Heraklion, Greece.
- 23. Kocic H, Stankovic M, Arsic I (2017): Nanoliposome encapsulation with donkey milk bioactive proteins and its possible application in dermatology and cosmetics. Acta Fac Med, 34, 199–204.
- 24. Lifschitz C, Szajewska H (2015): Cow's milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner. Eur J Pediatr, 174, 141–150.
- 25. Malik TA, Mohini M, Mir SH, et al (2018): Somatic cells in relation to udder health and milk quality-a review. J Anim Health Prod, 6, 18–26.
- 26. Malissiova E, Arsenos G, Papademas P, et al (2016): Assessment of donkey milk chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes in Greece and Cyprus. Int J Dairy Technol, 69, 143–146.
- 27. Mao X, Gu J, Sun Y, et al (2009): Anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effect of active components in donkey milk on A549 human lung cancer cells. Int Dairy J, 19, 703–708.
- 28. Martini M, Altomonte I, Salari F, et al (2014): Short communication: monitoring of Amiata donkey milk: lactation and productive season. J Dairy Sci, 97, 6819–6822.
- 29. Mathara JM, Schillinger U, Kutima PM, et al (2004): Isolation, identification and characterisation of the dominant microorganisms of kule naoto: the Maasai traditional fermented milk in Kenya. Int J Food Microbiol, 94, 269–278.
- 30. Mundan D, Meral BA, Demir A, et al (2015): Economic evaluation of the count of total bacteria and somatic cells in milk in dairy cattle. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 4, 84–89.
- 31. Picon A, Garde S, Avila M, et al (2016): Microbiota dynamics and lactic acid bacteria biodiversity in raw goat milk cheeses. Int Dairy J, 58, 14–22.
- 32. Pilla R, Dapra V, Zecconi A, et al (2010): Hygienic and health of donkey milk during a follow up study. Int Dairy J, 77, 392–397.
- 33. Polidori P, Vincenzetti S (2013): Use of donkey milk in children with cow’s milk protein allergy. Foods, 2, 151–159.
- 34. Sahinturk M, Oner Z (2017): Determination of chemical and microbiological properties of donkey's milk produced in Isparta. Gıda, 42, 348–354.
- 35. Salimei E, Fantuz F, Coppola R, et al (2004): Composition and characteristics of ass’s milk. Anim Res, 53, 67–78
- 36. Salimei E, Fantuz F (2012): Equid milk for human consumption. Int Dairy J, 24, 130–142.
- 37. Šarić LĆ, Šarić BM, Mandić AI, et al (2012): Antibacterial properties of domestic Balkan donkeys’ milk. Int Dairy J, 25, 142–146.
- 38. Sarno E, Santoro AML, Di Palo R, et al (2012): Microbiological quality of raw donkey milk from Campania region. Ital J Anim Sci, 11, 266–269.
- 39. Stiles ME, Holzapfel WH (1997): Lactic acid bacteria of foods and their current taxonomy. Int J Food Microbiol, 36, 1–29.
- 40. Varga AG, Ishler VA (2007): Managing Nutrition for Optimal Milk Components. In: Proocedings of Western Dairy Management Conference. Reno, NV.
- 41. Zhang XY, Zhao L, Jiang L, et al (2008): The antimicrobial activity of donkey milk and its microflora changes during storage. Food Control, 19, 1191–1195.
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 3, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 |