Abstract
This study aimed to observe the air sacs (Sacci pneumatici) in mature Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). After animals (n=9) were euthanased by combination of ketamine 60 mg/kg and xylazine 6 mg/kg, methylmethacrylate (Takilon) was injected by way of trachea. They were put in a cold-aired room for two months for polymerization. Then, they were maserated with 3% potassium hydroxide at 40 °C, cleaned with tap water, coloured by glass dye and photographed. Morphology of the cervical and clavicular air sacs was consistent with previous studies. The cranial thoracic air sacs were smaller than the caudal sacs pneumatising the second to seventh ribs by their diverticula. The caudal thoracic air sac had no diverticulum. The left abdominal air sac had two portions, i.e. the cranial and caudal sacs; the latter aerating the last three ribs and synsacrum, the former being smaller and narrower. Moreover, the right abdominal air sac was bigger than the left sac
Keywords
References
- Akester AR (1960): The comparative anatomy of the respiratory pathways in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), pigeon (Colomba livia) and domestic duck (Anas platyrhyncha). J Anat, 94, 487-505.
- Baumel JJ, King AS, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC (1993): Nomina Anatomica Avium. The Nuttall Ornithological Club. No: 23, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Butler PJ, Bishop CM (2000): Flight. 391-430. In: GC Whittow (Ed), Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, 5th ed., Academic Press, New York.
- Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CSG (1996): Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 2th W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Hogg DA (1984): The distribution of pneumatisation in the skeleton of the adult domestic fowl. J Anat, 138, 617-629.
- Hogg DA (1990): The development of pneumatisation in the skull of the domestic fowl. J Anat, 169, 139-151.
- King AS (1975): Respiratory system. 1857-1882. In: R Getty (Ed), Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, 5th ed., W. B. Saunders Company, New York.
- King AS, Kelly DF (1956): The aerated bones of Gallus domesticus: the fifth thoracic vertebra and sternal ribs. Brit Vet J, 112, 279-283.
- King AS (1957): The aerated bones of Gallus domesticus. Acta Anat, 31, 220-230.
- King AS (1993): Systema respiratorium. 281-282. In: JJ Baumel (Ed), Handbook of Avian Anatomy, Nomina Anatomica Avium, Cambridge Press.
- King AS, Payne DC (1962): The maximum capacities of the lungs and air sacs of Gallus domesticus. J Anat, 96, 495-503.
- King AS, McLelland J (1984): Respiratory system. 110- 144. In: AS King, J Mclelland (Eds), Birds: Their structures and function. 2nd ed., Bailliere & Tindal, London.
- Lucas AH, Keeran RJ, Coussens C (1959): Air sacs of chicken, turkey, duck and owl. Anat Rec, 133, 452.
- Mannega A, Calhoun ML (1968): Morphology of the lower respiratory structures of the white Pekin duck. Poultry Sci, 47, 266-280.
- McLelland J (1990): Respiratory system. 95-119. In: A Colour Atlas of Avian Anatomy. Published by Wolfe Publishing Ltd. England.
- Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (1997): Anatomy of the Domestic Birds. Translations by W.G. Siller, P.A.L. Wight, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin-Hamburg.
- Rigdon RH, Ferguson TM, Feldman GL, Couc JR (1958): Air sacs in the turkey. Poultry Sci, 37, 53-60.
- Taşbaş M, Hazıroğlu RM, Çakır A, Özer M (1994): Morphology of the respiratoric system in Denizli cocks. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 41, 154-168.
- Taylor RO, Bcone MA, Barnett BD (1962): Plastic infusion and casting of the avian air sacs. Poultry Sci, 41, 1940-1943.
- Vollmerhaus B, Sinowatz F (1992): Luftsäcke. 172-174. In: R Nickel, A Schummer, E Seiferle (Eds), Lehrbuch der Anatomie der haustiere, Berlin, Verlag Paul Parey.
Abstract
Bu çalışma yeşil başlı ördekte (Anas platyrhynchos) hava keselerini (Sacci pneumatici) göstermeyi amaçladı. Hayvanlara (n=9) 60 mg/kg ketamin ve 6 mg/kg ksilazin bileşimi ile ötenazi uygulandıktan sonra, trakea yoluyla metilmetakrilat (Takilon) şırıngayla verildi. Polimerizasyon için soğuk hava odasında iki ay bekletildi. Takiben 40 ºC’de %3’lük potasyum hidroksitle masere edilerek akar su altında temizlendi, cam boyası ile her bir hava kesesi ayrı renklerle boyandı ve fotoğrafı çekildi. Servikal ve klavikular hava keselerinin morfolojisi önceki çalışmalarla uyum gösterdi. Divertikulum tarafından 2-7. kaburgaları havalandıran kranial torasik hava kesesi kaudal keselerden daha küçüktü. Kaudal torasik hava keselerinde divertikulum görülmedi. Sol abdominal hava kesesi kranial ve kaudal olmak üzere iki parçalıydı. Kaudal kısım son üç kaburga ve synsacrum’u havalandırdığı ve kranial keseden daha büyük ve geniş olduğu kayıt edildi. Ayrıca, sağ abdominal hava kesesi soldan daha büyük olduğu görüldü
Keywords
References
- Akester AR (1960): The comparative anatomy of the respiratory pathways in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), pigeon (Colomba livia) and domestic duck (Anas platyrhyncha). J Anat, 94, 487-505.
- Baumel JJ, King AS, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Vanden Berge JC (1993): Nomina Anatomica Avium. The Nuttall Ornithological Club. No: 23, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Butler PJ, Bishop CM (2000): Flight. 391-430. In: GC Whittow (Ed), Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, 5th ed., Academic Press, New York.
- Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CSG (1996): Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 2th W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Hogg DA (1984): The distribution of pneumatisation in the skeleton of the adult domestic fowl. J Anat, 138, 617-629.
- Hogg DA (1990): The development of pneumatisation in the skull of the domestic fowl. J Anat, 169, 139-151.
- King AS (1975): Respiratory system. 1857-1882. In: R Getty (Ed), Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, 5th ed., W. B. Saunders Company, New York.
- King AS, Kelly DF (1956): The aerated bones of Gallus domesticus: the fifth thoracic vertebra and sternal ribs. Brit Vet J, 112, 279-283.
- King AS (1957): The aerated bones of Gallus domesticus. Acta Anat, 31, 220-230.
- King AS (1993): Systema respiratorium. 281-282. In: JJ Baumel (Ed), Handbook of Avian Anatomy, Nomina Anatomica Avium, Cambridge Press.
- King AS, Payne DC (1962): The maximum capacities of the lungs and air sacs of Gallus domesticus. J Anat, 96, 495-503.
- King AS, McLelland J (1984): Respiratory system. 110- 144. In: AS King, J Mclelland (Eds), Birds: Their structures and function. 2nd ed., Bailliere & Tindal, London.
- Lucas AH, Keeran RJ, Coussens C (1959): Air sacs of chicken, turkey, duck and owl. Anat Rec, 133, 452.
- Mannega A, Calhoun ML (1968): Morphology of the lower respiratory structures of the white Pekin duck. Poultry Sci, 47, 266-280.
- McLelland J (1990): Respiratory system. 95-119. In: A Colour Atlas of Avian Anatomy. Published by Wolfe Publishing Ltd. England.
- Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (1997): Anatomy of the Domestic Birds. Translations by W.G. Siller, P.A.L. Wight, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin-Hamburg.
- Rigdon RH, Ferguson TM, Feldman GL, Couc JR (1958): Air sacs in the turkey. Poultry Sci, 37, 53-60.
- Taşbaş M, Hazıroğlu RM, Çakır A, Özer M (1994): Morphology of the respiratoric system in Denizli cocks. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 41, 154-168.
- Taylor RO, Bcone MA, Barnett BD (1962): Plastic infusion and casting of the avian air sacs. Poultry Sci, 41, 1940-1943.
- Vollmerhaus B, Sinowatz F (1992): Luftsäcke. 172-174. In: R Nickel, A Schummer, E Seiferle (Eds), Lehrbuch der Anatomie der haustiere, Berlin, Verlag Paul Parey.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2006 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2006 |