1. Chan KW, Yang CH, Lin JW, et al. (2009): Phylogenetic
analysis of parapoxviruses and the C-terminal
heterogeneity of viral ATPase proteins. Gene, 432, 44-53.
2. Cheville NF, Lehmkuhl H (2009): Cytopathology of viral
diseases. 318–327. In: NF Cheville, H Lehmkuhl (Eds),
Ultrastructural Pathology: The Comparative Cellular Basis
of Disease, 2nd edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Danvers.
3. Gelberg HB (2012): Alimentary system and the peritoneum,
omentum, mesentery, and peritoneal cavity. 326-327. In: JF
Zachary, MD McGavin (Eds), Pathologic Basis of
Veterinary Disease, 5th edition, Elsevier, St. Louis.
4. Ginn PE, Mansell JEKL, Rakich PM (2007): Skin and
appendages. 664–666. In: MG Maxie (Ed), Jubb, Kennedy,
and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th edition,
vol. 1, Elsevier, Philadelphia.
5. Haig DM, Mercer AA (1998): Ovine diseases: orf. Vet
Res, 29, 311-326.
6. Hargis AM, Ginn PE (2012): The integument. 1023. In: JF
Zachary, MD McGavin (Eds), Pathologic Basis of
Veterinary Disease, 5th edition, Elsevier, St. Louis.
7. Hosamani M, Scagliarini A, Bhanuprakash V, et al.
(2009): Orf: an update on current research and future
perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 7, 879-893.
8. Li W, Ning Z, Hao W, et al. (2012): Isolation and
phylogenetic analysis of orf virus from the sheep herd
outbreak in northeast China. BMC Vet Res, 8, 229.
10. Nandi S, De UK, Chowdhury S (2011): Current status of
contagious ecthyma or orf disease in goat and sheep-A
global perspective. Small Rum Res, 96,73-82.
12. Savory LJ, Stacker SA, Fleming SB, et al. (2000): Viral
vascular endothelial growth factor plays a critical role in
orf virus infection. J Virol, 74, 10699-10706.
13. Scagliarini A, Vaccari F, Turrini F, et al. (2011):
Parapoxvirus infections of red deer in, Italy. Emerg Infect
Dis, 17, 684-687.
14. Smith KJ Skelton HG, James WD, et al. (1991).
Parapoxvirus infections acquired after exposure to wildlife.
Dermatology, 127, 79-82.
15. Zhao K, Song D, He W, et al. (2010): Identification and
phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus isolated from an
outbreak in sheep in the Jilin province of China. Vet
Microbiol, 142, 408-415.
Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus)
Numerous young wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus) were reported to suffer from a contagious and fatal disease in a wildlife protection area in Antalya, Turkey, in January, 2017. Because of the large and partly inaccessible mountain area, total number of the dead goats were not known. However, approximately 15 goats were estimated to die from the disease; two of them were submitted for necropsy. At gross examination, lesions mainly localized on lips and numerous proliferative papules and pustules, necrotic scabs and swelling, as well as edema, hyperemia and ulcers, were observed at the commissure of the lips. Necropsy of both goats was performed and tissue samples were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically for the presence of viral agents. Histopathological examination revealed necrotic and proliferative cheilitis and dermatitis with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy revealed typical parapoxvirus particles. According to gross, histopathological and ultrastructural findings the disease was diagnosed as contagious ecthyma.
1. Chan KW, Yang CH, Lin JW, et al. (2009): Phylogenetic
analysis of parapoxviruses and the C-terminal
heterogeneity of viral ATPase proteins. Gene, 432, 44-53.
2. Cheville NF, Lehmkuhl H (2009): Cytopathology of viral
diseases. 318–327. In: NF Cheville, H Lehmkuhl (Eds),
Ultrastructural Pathology: The Comparative Cellular Basis
of Disease, 2nd edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Danvers.
3. Gelberg HB (2012): Alimentary system and the peritoneum,
omentum, mesentery, and peritoneal cavity. 326-327. In: JF
Zachary, MD McGavin (Eds), Pathologic Basis of
Veterinary Disease, 5th edition, Elsevier, St. Louis.
4. Ginn PE, Mansell JEKL, Rakich PM (2007): Skin and
appendages. 664–666. In: MG Maxie (Ed), Jubb, Kennedy,
and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th edition,
vol. 1, Elsevier, Philadelphia.
5. Haig DM, Mercer AA (1998): Ovine diseases: orf. Vet
Res, 29, 311-326.
6. Hargis AM, Ginn PE (2012): The integument. 1023. In: JF
Zachary, MD McGavin (Eds), Pathologic Basis of
Veterinary Disease, 5th edition, Elsevier, St. Louis.
7. Hosamani M, Scagliarini A, Bhanuprakash V, et al.
(2009): Orf: an update on current research and future
perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 7, 879-893.
8. Li W, Ning Z, Hao W, et al. (2012): Isolation and
phylogenetic analysis of orf virus from the sheep herd
outbreak in northeast China. BMC Vet Res, 8, 229.
10. Nandi S, De UK, Chowdhury S (2011): Current status of
contagious ecthyma or orf disease in goat and sheep-A
global perspective. Small Rum Res, 96,73-82.
12. Savory LJ, Stacker SA, Fleming SB, et al. (2000): Viral
vascular endothelial growth factor plays a critical role in
orf virus infection. J Virol, 74, 10699-10706.
13. Scagliarini A, Vaccari F, Turrini F, et al. (2011):
Parapoxvirus infections of red deer in, Italy. Emerg Infect
Dis, 17, 684-687.
14. Smith KJ Skelton HG, James WD, et al. (1991).
Parapoxvirus infections acquired after exposure to wildlife.
Dermatology, 127, 79-82.
15. Zhao K, Song D, He W, et al. (2010): Identification and
phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus isolated from an
outbreak in sheep in the Jilin province of China. Vet
Microbiol, 142, 408-415.
Özmen, Ö., & Dolu, H. (2018). Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(4), 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002876
AMA
Özmen Ö, Dolu H. Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. November 2018;65(4):419-423. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002876
Chicago
Özmen, Özlem, and Hüseyin Dolu. “Pathological and Electron Microscopical Observations on Naturally Occurring Contagious Ecthyma Outbreak in Two Wild Goats (Capra Aegagrus Aegragus)”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65, no. 4 (November 2018): 419-23. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002876.
EndNote
Özmen Ö, Dolu H (November 1, 2018) Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65 4 419–423.
IEEE
Ö. Özmen and H. Dolu, “Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus)”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 419–423, 2018, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002876.
ISNAD
Özmen, Özlem - Dolu, Hüseyin. “Pathological and Electron Microscopical Observations on Naturally Occurring Contagious Ecthyma Outbreak in Two Wild Goats (Capra Aegagrus Aegragus)”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65/4 (November 2018), 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002876.
JAMA
Özmen Ö, Dolu H. Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018;65:419–423.
MLA
Özmen, Özlem and Hüseyin Dolu. “Pathological and Electron Microscopical Observations on Naturally Occurring Contagious Ecthyma Outbreak in Two Wild Goats (Capra Aegagrus Aegragus)”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 65, no. 4, 2018, pp. 419-23, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002876.
Vancouver
Özmen Ö, Dolu H. Pathological and electron microscopical observations on naturally occurring contagious ecthyma outbreak in two wild goats (Capra aegagrus aegragus). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018;65(4):419-23.