Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey

Seyda Cengiz; Mehmet Cemal Adıgüzel

doi:10.33988/auvfd.640990

Research Article

Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey

Year 2020, , 365 - 371, 01.09.2020

Seyda Cengiz , Mehmet Cemal Adıgüzel

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.640990

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Microorganisms have a primary role in the formation of calf diarrhea. Escherichia coli pose an environmental risk to young animals caused by fecal excretion. In this study, rectal swab samples (n= 133) were collected from calves with diarrhea aged from 1 day to 3 months, between August 2017 and August 2018. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, and then antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes for Escherichia coli isolates (n= 133) were investigated by disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standards institute standards and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to oxytetracycline (78.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.2%), neomycin (60.9%), and erythromycin (58.6%). Besides, multidrug resistance was determined in 71.4% of isolates. Thirty-three of 133 (24.81%) isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor. The pathotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F5 and/or F41 fimbria and STa), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Stx and eae), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (eae) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (Stx-eae) were found in 51.5%, 6.1%, 15.2%, and 12.1%, respectively. However, the virulence properties were detected as; Stx1 (3.03%), Stx2 (9.09%), STa (21.21%), and eae (15.15%); the F41 and F5 were not detected. Also, the fifteen-point two percent of strains (5/33) were the hybrid type that carried both Stx (either Stx1 or Stx2) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli specific enterotoxin gene STa. The existence of different virulence factors found in this study supports the statement that calves are possible bearers of pathogens that are dangerous to public health.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Resistance, diarrhoea, Escherichia coli, hybrid strain, virulence gene

References

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2. Al Mawly J, Grinberg A, Prattley D, et al (2015): Risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhoea and enteropathogen shedding in New Zealand dairy farms. The Vet J, 203, 155-160.
3. Andrade GI, Coura FM, Santos EL, et al (2012): Identification of virulence factors by multiplex PCR in Escherichia coli isolated from calves in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 1783-1790.
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5. Bielaszewska M, Mellmann A, Zhang W, et al (2011) Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: a microbiological study. Lancet Infect Dis, 11, 671-676.
6. Blanchard PC (2012): Diagnostics of dairy and beef cattle diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 28, 443-464.
7. Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (2019): Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 29th edition; M100. CLSI, 29, 320.
8. Coura FM, Freitas MD, Ribeiro J, et al (2015): Longitudinal study of Salmonella spp., diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, and Coronavirus isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves in a Brazilian dairy herd. Trop Anim Health Prod, 47, 3-11.
9. de Verdier K, Nyman A, Greko C, et al (2012): Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from Swedish dairy calves. Acta Vet Scand, 54, 2.
10. El-Seedy FR, Abed AH, Yanni HA, et al (2016): Prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli in neonatal diarrheic calves. BJBAS, 5, 45-51.
11. Erganis O, Ates M, Corlu M, et al (1988): İshalli buzağılarda izole edilen E. coli suşlarında K99 fimbria’nın varlığı üzerine bir çalışma. Doğa Vet Hay Derg, 12,158-190.
12. Franck SM, Bosworth BT, Moon HW (1998): Multiplex PCR for enterotoxigenic, attaching and effacing, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from calves. J Clin Microbiol, 36, 1795-1797.
13. Gibbons JF, Boland F, Buckley JF, et al (2014): Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from cases of calf enteritis during the spring-calving season. Vet Microbiol, 170, 73-80.
14. Güler L, Gündüz K (2007): Virulence properties of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical bovine mastitis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 361-365.
15. Güler L, Gündüz K, Ok Ü (2008): Virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from calves in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health, 55, 249-257.
16. Hashish EA, El Damaty HM, Tartor YH, et al (2016): Epidemiological study of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in newborn calves. Pak Vet J, 36, 54-58.
17. Içen H, Arserim NB, Işık N, et al (2013): Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of Turkey. Pak Vet J, 33, 496-499.
18. Johura FT, Parveen R, Islam A, et al (2017): Occurrence of hybrid Escherichia coli strains carrying Shiga toxin and heat-stable toxin in livestock of Bangladesh. Front Public Health, 4, 287
19. Kaipainen T, Pohjanvirta T, Shpigel NY, et al (2002): Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 85, 37-46.
20. Lee JH (2009): Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O26 and O111 isolates from cattle and their characteristics. Vet Microbiol, 135, 401-405.
21. Manna SK, Brahmane MP, Manna C, et al (2006): Occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in West Bengal, India. Lett Appl Microbiol, 43, 405-409.
22. Mellmann A, Harmsen D, Cummings CA, et al (2011): Prospective genomic characterization of the German enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak by rapid next generation sequencing technology. Plos One, 6, e22751.
23. Momtaz H (2010): Investigation of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. BJVM, 13, 122-126.
24. Nguyen TD, Vo TT, Vu-Khac H (2011): Virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea in Vietnam. J Vet Sci, 12, 159-164.
25. Nyholm O, Heinikainen S, Pelkonen S, et al (2015): Hybrids of Shigatoxigenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) among human and animal isolates in Finland. Zoonoses Public Health, 62, 518-524.
26. Ok M, Güler L, Turgut K, et al (2009): The studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and determination of virulence gene markers of Escherichia coli strains by multiplex PCR. Zoonoses Public Health, 56, 94-101.
27. Picco NY, Alustiza FE, Bellingeri RV, et al (2015): Molecular screening of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy neonatal calves in Cordoba province, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol, 47, 95-102.
28. Shahrani M, Dehkordi FS, Momtaz H (2014): Characterization of Escherichia coli virulence genes, pathotypes and antibiotic resistance properties in diarrheic calves in Iran. Biol Res, 47, 28.
29. Shome BR, Das Mitra S, Bhuvana M, et al (2011): Multiplex PCR assay for species identification of bovine mastitis pathogens. J Appl Microbiol, 111, 1349-1356.
30. Uysal Y, Erdoğan I, Tavukçuoğlu F, et al (1992): Neonatal buzağı enfeksiyonlarından izole edilen E. coli’lerde K99, F41, F(Y) ve 987 P pilusları ile ısıya stabil enterotoksinin aranması ve serotiplendirme çalışmaları. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 23, 119-132.
31. Walk ST, Mladonicky JM, Middleton JA, et al (2007): Influence of antibiotic selection on genetic composition of Escherichia coli populations from conventional and organic dairy farms. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 5982-5989.
32. Wani SA, Hussain I, Beg SA, et al (2013): Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and salmonellae in calves and lambs in Kashmir: absence, prevalence and antibiogram. Rev Sci Tech 32, 833-840.

Year 2020, , 365 - 371, 01.09.2020

Seyda Cengiz , Mehmet Cemal Adıgüzel

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.640990

Cited By: 7

Abstract

References

1. Adiguzel MC, Diren Sigirci B, Celik B, et al (2018): Phenotypic and genotypic examination of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from poultry in Turkey. J Vet Res, 62, 463-468.
2. Al Mawly J, Grinberg A, Prattley D, et al (2015): Risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhoea and enteropathogen shedding in New Zealand dairy farms. The Vet J, 203, 155-160.
3. Andrade GI, Coura FM, Santos EL, et al (2012): Identification of virulence factors by multiplex PCR in Escherichia coli isolated from calves in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 1783-1790.
4. Ansari ARMIH, Rahman MM, Islam MZ, et al (2014): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from diarrheic calves. J Animal Health Prod, 2, 12-15.
5. Bielaszewska M, Mellmann A, Zhang W, et al (2011) Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: a microbiological study. Lancet Infect Dis, 11, 671-676.
6. Blanchard PC (2012): Diagnostics of dairy and beef cattle diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 28, 443-464.
7. Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (2019): Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 29th edition; M100. CLSI, 29, 320.
8. Coura FM, Freitas MD, Ribeiro J, et al (2015): Longitudinal study of Salmonella spp., diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, and Coronavirus isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves in a Brazilian dairy herd. Trop Anim Health Prod, 47, 3-11.
9. de Verdier K, Nyman A, Greko C, et al (2012): Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from Swedish dairy calves. Acta Vet Scand, 54, 2.
10. El-Seedy FR, Abed AH, Yanni HA, et al (2016): Prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli in neonatal diarrheic calves. BJBAS, 5, 45-51.
11. Erganis O, Ates M, Corlu M, et al (1988): İshalli buzağılarda izole edilen E. coli suşlarında K99 fimbria’nın varlığı üzerine bir çalışma. Doğa Vet Hay Derg, 12,158-190.
12. Franck SM, Bosworth BT, Moon HW (1998): Multiplex PCR for enterotoxigenic, attaching and effacing, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from calves. J Clin Microbiol, 36, 1795-1797.
13. Gibbons JF, Boland F, Buckley JF, et al (2014): Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from cases of calf enteritis during the spring-calving season. Vet Microbiol, 170, 73-80.
14. Güler L, Gündüz K (2007): Virulence properties of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical bovine mastitis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 361-365.
15. Güler L, Gündüz K, Ok Ü (2008): Virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from calves in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health, 55, 249-257.
16. Hashish EA, El Damaty HM, Tartor YH, et al (2016): Epidemiological study of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in newborn calves. Pak Vet J, 36, 54-58.
17. Içen H, Arserim NB, Işık N, et al (2013): Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of Turkey. Pak Vet J, 33, 496-499.
18. Johura FT, Parveen R, Islam A, et al (2017): Occurrence of hybrid Escherichia coli strains carrying Shiga toxin and heat-stable toxin in livestock of Bangladesh. Front Public Health, 4, 287
19. Kaipainen T, Pohjanvirta T, Shpigel NY, et al (2002): Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 85, 37-46.
20. Lee JH (2009): Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O26 and O111 isolates from cattle and their characteristics. Vet Microbiol, 135, 401-405.
21. Manna SK, Brahmane MP, Manna C, et al (2006): Occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in West Bengal, India. Lett Appl Microbiol, 43, 405-409.
22. Mellmann A, Harmsen D, Cummings CA, et al (2011): Prospective genomic characterization of the German enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak by rapid next generation sequencing technology. Plos One, 6, e22751.
23. Momtaz H (2010): Investigation of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. BJVM, 13, 122-126.
24. Nguyen TD, Vo TT, Vu-Khac H (2011): Virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea in Vietnam. J Vet Sci, 12, 159-164.
25. Nyholm O, Heinikainen S, Pelkonen S, et al (2015): Hybrids of Shigatoxigenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) among human and animal isolates in Finland. Zoonoses Public Health, 62, 518-524.
26. Ok M, Güler L, Turgut K, et al (2009): The studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and determination of virulence gene markers of Escherichia coli strains by multiplex PCR. Zoonoses Public Health, 56, 94-101.
27. Picco NY, Alustiza FE, Bellingeri RV, et al (2015): Molecular screening of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy neonatal calves in Cordoba province, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol, 47, 95-102.
28. Shahrani M, Dehkordi FS, Momtaz H (2014): Characterization of Escherichia coli virulence genes, pathotypes and antibiotic resistance properties in diarrheic calves in Iran. Biol Res, 47, 28.
29. Shome BR, Das Mitra S, Bhuvana M, et al (2011): Multiplex PCR assay for species identification of bovine mastitis pathogens. J Appl Microbiol, 111, 1349-1356.
30. Uysal Y, Erdoğan I, Tavukçuoğlu F, et al (1992): Neonatal buzağı enfeksiyonlarından izole edilen E. coli’lerde K99, F41, F(Y) ve 987 P pilusları ile ısıya stabil enterotoksinin aranması ve serotiplendirme çalışmaları. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 23, 119-132.
31. Walk ST, Mladonicky JM, Middleton JA, et al (2007): Influence of antibiotic selection on genetic composition of Escherichia coli populations from conventional and organic dairy farms. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 5982-5989.
32. Wani SA, Hussain I, Beg SA, et al (2013): Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and salmonellae in calves and lambs in Kashmir: absence, prevalence and antibiogram. Rev Sci Tech 32, 833-840.

There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Seyda Cengiz 0000-0002-1273-2941 Mehmet Cemal Adıgüzel 0000-0002-2385-9649
Publication Date	September 1, 2020
Published in Issue	Year 2020

Cite

APA	Cengiz, S., & Adıgüzel, M. C. (2020). Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 67(4), 365-371. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.640990
AMA	Cengiz S, Adıgüzel MC. Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. September 2020;67(4):365-371. doi:10.33988/auvfd.640990
Chicago	Cengiz, Seyda, and Mehmet Cemal Adıgüzel. “Determination of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. Coli Isolated from Calf Diarrhea, Part of Eastern Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 67, no. 4 (September 2020): 365-71. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.640990.
EndNote	Cengiz S, Adıgüzel MC (September 1, 2020) Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 67 4 365–371.
IEEE	S. Cengiz and M. C. Adıgüzel, “Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 365–371, 2020, doi: 10.33988/auvfd.640990.
ISNAD	Cengiz, Seyda - Adıgüzel, Mehmet Cemal. “Determination of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. Coli Isolated from Calf Diarrhea, Part of Eastern Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 67/4 (September 2020), 365-371. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.640990.
JAMA	Cengiz S, Adıgüzel MC. Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2020;67:365–371.
MLA	Cengiz, Seyda and Mehmet Cemal Adıgüzel. “Determination of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. Coli Isolated from Calf Diarrhea, Part of Eastern Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 67, no. 4, 2020, pp. 365-71, doi:10.33988/auvfd.640990.
Vancouver	Cengiz S, Adıgüzel MC. Determination of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhea, part of eastern Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2020;67(4):365-71.