Research Article
The effects of perch cooling on performance, carcass, and meat quality characteristics and behaviour of broilers reared at high temperatures with different litter thicknesses
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cooled perch and litter thickness on performance, meat quality, carcass, and behaviour traits on broilers reared at high environmental temperatures. A total of 459 1 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to nine treatment groups based on the perch treatment (no perch, non-cooled perches, cooled perches) and litter thicknesses (1, 7 and 14 cm) with three replicates. Body weight was higher in broilers reared at cooled perch group at 6 wks (P<0.05). Body weight of chickens reared under the 1 cm thickness was found higher than the 7 and 14 cm of litter thickness chickens at 6 wks. Live and carcass weights, total breast and drum weights were higher in broilers reared at 1 cm litter thickness. The perch-contact incidence of chickens reared under the cooled perch was found higher than the non-cooled chickens for all hours at 6 wks. In conclusion, it is indicated that perch cooling and 1 cm of litter thickness have a beneficial effect on broiler performance exposed to high temperatures.
Keywords
References
- 1. AOAC (1990): Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
- 2. Bao ED, Gong YY, Hartung J, et al (2004): Relation between pathologic damages and HSP70 changes in acute heat stressed broilers. Sci Agric Sinica, 37, 301-305.
- 3. Barton-Gade PA, Demeyer D, Honikel KO, et al (1993): Reference methods for water holding capacity in meat and meat products: Procedures recommended by an OECD working group. In: Proceedings of the 39th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Calgary, Canada.
- 4. Demirulus H (2006): The effect of litter type and litter thickness on broiler carcass traits. Int J Poult Sci, 5, 670-672.
- 5. El-Moniary MMA, Hemid AA, El-Wardany I, et al (2010): The effect of early age heat conditioning and some feeding programs for heat-stressed broiler chicks on: 1-Productive performance. World J Agric Sci, 6, 689-695.
- 6. Erensayın C (1991): A Research on Technical Structure and Application of Commercial Poultry Farms in Turkey. Cumhuriyet University, Tokat Agriculture Faculty (Impress), Tokat, Turkey.
- 7. Estevez I, Tablante N, Pettit-Riley RL, et al (2002): Use of cool perches by broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 81, 62-69.
- 8. EU Commission Regulation (2007): No 2007/43/EC of 28 June 2007 on laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production. Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32007L0043. (Accessed November 2, 2019).
- 9. Feddes JJR, Emmanuel EJ, Zuidhoft MJ (2002): Broiler performance, body weight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities. Poult Sci, 81, 774-779.
- 10. Feng JH, Zhang MH, Zheng SS, et al (2006): The effect of cyclic high temperature on mitochondrial ROS production, Ca2+-ATPase activity and breast meat quality of broilers. Chinese J Anim Vet Sci, 37, 1304-1311.
- 11. Honikel KO (1998): Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Sci, 49, 447-457.
- 12. Hughes BO, Elson HA (1977): The use of perches by broilers in floor pens. Br Poult Sci, 18, 715-722.
- 13. LeVan NF, Estevez I, Stricklin WR (2000): Use of horizontal and angled perches by broiler chickens. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 65, 349-365.
- 14. Lu Q, Wen J, Zhang H (2007): Effect of chronic heat exposure on fat deposition and meat quality in two genetic types of chicken. Poult Sci, 86, 1059-1064.
- 15. Meluzzi A, Fabbri C, Folegatti E, et al (2008): Effect of less intensive rearing conditions on litter characteristics, growth performance, carcass injuries and meat quality of broilers. Br Poult Sci, 49, 509-515.
- 16. Muiruri HK, Harrison PC (1991): Effect of roost temperature on performance of chickens in hot ambient environments. Poult Sci, 70, 2253-2258.
- 17. Nicol CJ (2015): The Behavioural Biology of Chickens. CABI, Oxfordshire.
- 18. Olsson IAS, Keeling LJ (2002): The push-door for measuring motivation in hens: laying hens are motivated to perch at night. Anim Welfare, 11, 11-19.
- 19. Pettit-Riley R, Estevez I (2001): Effects of density on perching behavior of broiler chickens. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 71, 127-140.
- 20. Quentin M, Bouvarel I, Berri C, et al (2003): Growth, carcass composition and meat quality response to dietary concentrations in fast-, medium and slow-growing commercial broilers. Anim Res, 52, 65-77.
- 21. Reilly WM, Koelkebeck KW, Harrison PC (1991): Performance evaluation of heat-stressed commercial broilers provided water-cooled floor perches. Poult Sci, 70, 1699-1703.
- 22. Sandercock DA, Hunter RR, Nute GR, et al (2001): Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid-base status and skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages: Implications for meat quality. Poult Sci, 80, 418-425.
- 23. Shao D, He J, Lu J, et al (2015): Effects of sawdust thickness on the growth performance, environmental condition, and welfare quality of yellow broilers. Poult Sci, 94, 1-6.
- 24. Su G, Sørensen P, Kestin SC (2000): A note on the effects of perches and litter substrate on leg weakness in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 79, 1259-1263.
- 25. Zhao JP, Chen JL, Zhao GP, et al (2009): Live performance, carcass composition, and blood metabolite responses to dietary nutrient density in two distinct broiler breeds of male chickens. Poult Sci, 88, 2575-2584.
- 26. Zhao JP, Jiao HC, Jiang YB, et al (2012): Cool perch availability improves the performance and welfare status of broiler chickens in hot weather. Poult Sci, 91, 1775-1784.
- 27. Zhao JP, Jiao HC, Jiang YB, et al (2013): Cool perches improve the growth performance and welfare status of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities and high temperatures. Poult Sci, 92, 1962-1971.
Tünek soğutmanın farklı altlık kalınlıklarında yüksek sıcaklıklarda yetiştirilen etlik piliçlerin performans, karkas ve et kalite özellikleri ile davranışları üzerine etkileri
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı yüksek çevresel sıcaklıklarda yetiştirilen etlik piliçlerde soğutulmuş tünek kullanımı ve altlık kalınlığının performans, et kalitesi, karkas ve davranış özellikleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Toplam 459 bir günlük yaşta erkek etlik piliçler, tünek denemesi (tünek yok, soğutma olmayan ve soğuk tünek) ve altlık kalınlıklarına (1, 7 ve 14 cm) rastgele 3 tekrarlı olacak şekilde 9 gruba yerleştirilmiştir. Soğutulmuş tünek grubunda yetiştirilen etlik piliçlerde 6. haftada canlı ağırlık en yüksek değerde bulunmuştur. 1 cm altlık kalınlığı grubunda yetiştirilen etlik piliçlerde altıncı haftada canlı ağırlığı 7 ve 14 cm kalınlık grubunda yetiştirilen tavuklara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kesim öncesi canlı ağırlığı ve karkas ağırlığı, bütün göğüs ve kalçalı but ağırlıkları 1 cm altlık kalınlığı grubunda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Altıncı haftada ve incelenen tüm saatler için etlik piliçlerin tünek ile teması bakımından soğutulmuş tünekler ile temas sıklığı soğutulmamış tünek temasına göre daha yüksektir. Sonuç olarak, yüksek sıcaklıklara maruz kalan etlik piliçlerde soğuk tünek ve 1 cm altlık kalınlığının etlik piliç performansı üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir
Keywords
References
- 1. AOAC (1990): Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
- 2. Bao ED, Gong YY, Hartung J, et al (2004): Relation between pathologic damages and HSP70 changes in acute heat stressed broilers. Sci Agric Sinica, 37, 301-305.
- 3. Barton-Gade PA, Demeyer D, Honikel KO, et al (1993): Reference methods for water holding capacity in meat and meat products: Procedures recommended by an OECD working group. In: Proceedings of the 39th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, Calgary, Canada.
- 4. Demirulus H (2006): The effect of litter type and litter thickness on broiler carcass traits. Int J Poult Sci, 5, 670-672.
- 5. El-Moniary MMA, Hemid AA, El-Wardany I, et al (2010): The effect of early age heat conditioning and some feeding programs for heat-stressed broiler chicks on: 1-Productive performance. World J Agric Sci, 6, 689-695.
- 6. Erensayın C (1991): A Research on Technical Structure and Application of Commercial Poultry Farms in Turkey. Cumhuriyet University, Tokat Agriculture Faculty (Impress), Tokat, Turkey.
- 7. Estevez I, Tablante N, Pettit-Riley RL, et al (2002): Use of cool perches by broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 81, 62-69.
- 8. EU Commission Regulation (2007): No 2007/43/EC of 28 June 2007 on laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production. Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32007L0043. (Accessed November 2, 2019).
- 9. Feddes JJR, Emmanuel EJ, Zuidhoft MJ (2002): Broiler performance, body weight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities. Poult Sci, 81, 774-779.
- 10. Feng JH, Zhang MH, Zheng SS, et al (2006): The effect of cyclic high temperature on mitochondrial ROS production, Ca2+-ATPase activity and breast meat quality of broilers. Chinese J Anim Vet Sci, 37, 1304-1311.
- 11. Honikel KO (1998): Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Sci, 49, 447-457.
- 12. Hughes BO, Elson HA (1977): The use of perches by broilers in floor pens. Br Poult Sci, 18, 715-722.
- 13. LeVan NF, Estevez I, Stricklin WR (2000): Use of horizontal and angled perches by broiler chickens. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 65, 349-365.
- 14. Lu Q, Wen J, Zhang H (2007): Effect of chronic heat exposure on fat deposition and meat quality in two genetic types of chicken. Poult Sci, 86, 1059-1064.
- 15. Meluzzi A, Fabbri C, Folegatti E, et al (2008): Effect of less intensive rearing conditions on litter characteristics, growth performance, carcass injuries and meat quality of broilers. Br Poult Sci, 49, 509-515.
- 16. Muiruri HK, Harrison PC (1991): Effect of roost temperature on performance of chickens in hot ambient environments. Poult Sci, 70, 2253-2258.
- 17. Nicol CJ (2015): The Behavioural Biology of Chickens. CABI, Oxfordshire.
- 18. Olsson IAS, Keeling LJ (2002): The push-door for measuring motivation in hens: laying hens are motivated to perch at night. Anim Welfare, 11, 11-19.
- 19. Pettit-Riley R, Estevez I (2001): Effects of density on perching behavior of broiler chickens. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 71, 127-140.
- 20. Quentin M, Bouvarel I, Berri C, et al (2003): Growth, carcass composition and meat quality response to dietary concentrations in fast-, medium and slow-growing commercial broilers. Anim Res, 52, 65-77.
- 21. Reilly WM, Koelkebeck KW, Harrison PC (1991): Performance evaluation of heat-stressed commercial broilers provided water-cooled floor perches. Poult Sci, 70, 1699-1703.
- 22. Sandercock DA, Hunter RR, Nute GR, et al (2001): Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid-base status and skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages: Implications for meat quality. Poult Sci, 80, 418-425.
- 23. Shao D, He J, Lu J, et al (2015): Effects of sawdust thickness on the growth performance, environmental condition, and welfare quality of yellow broilers. Poult Sci, 94, 1-6.
- 24. Su G, Sørensen P, Kestin SC (2000): A note on the effects of perches and litter substrate on leg weakness in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 79, 1259-1263.
- 25. Zhao JP, Chen JL, Zhao GP, et al (2009): Live performance, carcass composition, and blood metabolite responses to dietary nutrient density in two distinct broiler breeds of male chickens. Poult Sci, 88, 2575-2584.
- 26. Zhao JP, Jiao HC, Jiang YB, et al (2012): Cool perch availability improves the performance and welfare status of broiler chickens in hot weather. Poult Sci, 91, 1775-1784.
- 27. Zhao JP, Jiao HC, Jiang YB, et al (2013): Cool perches improve the growth performance and welfare status of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities and high temperatures. Poult Sci, 92, 1962-1971.
There are 27 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 |