Research Article
Year 2021,
, 61 - 68, 25.12.2020
Abstract
References
- 1. Allgoever I, Hoecht S (2010): Radiotherapy for canine chronic superficial keratitis using soft X- rays. Vet Ophthalmol, 13, 20-25.
- 2. Athanasiadis I, de Wit D, Patel AK, et al (2012): Subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the management of corneal graft rejection and new vessels. J Clin Pharmacol, 52, 607-612.
- 3. Azoulay T (2013): Adjunctive cryotherapy for pigmentary keratitis in dogs: a study of 16 corneas. Vet Ophthalmol, 17, 241-249.
- 4. Balicki I (2012): Clinical study on the application of tacrolimus and DMSO in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Polish J Vet Sci, 15, 667-676.
- 5. Bedford PGC (1972): The treatment of keratitis and corneal ulceration in the dog. Vet Ann, 13.
- 6. Costa DC, de Castro RS, Kara-Jose N (2009): Case-control study of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection vs intravenous methylprednisolone pulse in the treatment of endothelial corneal allograft rejection. Eye, 23, 708-714.
- 7. Croasdale CR, Brightbill MD (1999): Subconjunctival Corticosteroid Injections for Nonnecrotizing Anterior Scleritis. Arch Ophthalmol, 117, 978-979.
- 8. de la Maza MS, Jabbur NS, Foster CS (1993): An analysis of therapeutic decision for scleritis. Ophthalmology, 100, 1372-1376.
- 9. Denk N, Fritsche J, Reese S (2011): The effect of UV-blocking contact lenses as a therapy for canince chronic superficial keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol, 14, 186-194.
- 10. Esson DW (2015): Clinical atlas of canine and feline ophthalmic disease. JohnWiley & Sons Inc, Ames, Iowa.
- 11. Grossmann C, Scholz T, Rochel M, et al (2004): Transactivation via the human glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor by therapeutically used steroids in CV-1 cells: a comparison of their glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid properties. Eur J Endocrinol, 151, 397-406.
- 12. Grüning G, Allgoewer I, Höcht S, et al (2001): Zur strahlentherapie der keratitis superficialis chronica mit strontium 90. Kleintierpraxis, 46.
- 13. Hallstrom M (1970): Synspunkter ph behandling av keratitis chronica superficialis. Svensk Veterinartidning, 22.
- 14. Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG (2001): Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw Hill, New York.
- 15. Jermak CM, Dellacroce JT, Heffez J, et al (2007): Triamcinolone acetonide in ocular therapeutics. Surv Ophthalmol, 52, 503-522.
- 16. Jokinen P, Rusanen EM, Kennedy LJ, et al (2011): MHC class II risk haplotype associated with canine chronic superficial keratitis in German Shepherd dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 140, 37-41.
- 17. Krahenmann A (1972): Zur therapie der keratitis superficialis chronica (uberreiter) des deutschen schaferhundes. Ophthalmologica, 165.
- 18. Ledbetter EC, Gilger BC (2013): Diseases and Surgery of the Canine Cornea and Sclera. 976-1050. In: KN Gelatt (Ed), Veterinary Ophthalmology. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, Iowa.
- 19. Lewis G, Campbell W, Johnson A (1986): Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by glucocorticoids in human endothelial cells. Endocrinology, 119, 62-69.
- 20. Maddula S, Davis DK, Maddula S, et al (2011): Horizons in therapy for corneal angiogenesis. Ophthalmology, 118, 591-599.
- 21. Maggs DJ (2008): Cornea and Sclera. 175-202. In: DJ Maggs, P Miller, R Ofri (Eds), Slatter’s Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia.
- 22. Magrane WG (1971): Canine Ophthalmology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
- 23. Molleda JM, Tardón RH, Gallardo JM, et al (2008): The ocular effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in dogs. Vet J, 176, 326-332.
- 24. Nell B, Walde I, Billich A, et al (2005): The effect of topical pimecrolimus on keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superficial keratitis in dogs: results from an exploratory study. Vet Ophthalmol, 8, 39-46.
- 25. Plumb DC, Pharm D (2008): Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa.
- 26. Rankin A (2013): Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Drugs. 407-423. In: KN Gelatt (Ed), Veterinary Ophthalmology. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, Iowa.
- 27. Roufas A, Jalaludin B, Gaskin C, et al (2010): Subconjunctival triamcinolone treatment for non-necrotising anterior scleritis. Br J Ophthalmol, 94, 743-747.
- 28. Sandmeyer LS, Bauer BS, Grahn BH (2017): Diagnostic Ophthalmology. Can Vet J, 58, 91–93.
- 29. Tu EY, Culbertson WW, Pflugfelder SC, et al (1995): Therapy of nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis with subconjunctival corticosteroid injection. Ophthalmology, 102, 718-724.
- 30. Watson PG (1974): Treatment of scleritis and episcleritis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK, 94, 773.
- 31. Williams D, Hoey A, Smitherman P (1995): Comparison of topical cyclosporin and dexamethasone for the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Vet Rec, 137, 635-639.
Long-term prospective assessment of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide in addition to topical therapy in the management of chronic superficial keratitis
Abstract
Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is a progressive inflammatory disease in adult dogs, associated with corneal vascular proliferation, edema and melanic pigment deposition. In the absence of a curative therapy, the current approach for the management of CSK aims to control disease progression and eventually decrease the severity of corneal lesions. Subconjunctival injections of corticosteroids may be effective in severe cases, where topical therapy alone is inadequate. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection in addition to topical steroid treatment for the long-term management of CSK, in dogs unresponsive to conventional topical steroids. Treatment efficacy was assessed in 11 dogs with bilateral CSK by periodic evaluation of the cornea in terms of vascularization, edema and pigmentation for up to 120 weeks. Clinically significant reductions in corneal pigmentation (P<0.0001), vascularization (P<0.0001) and edema scores (P<0.0001) were achieved during therapy. The greatest reduction was exhibited by corneal edema, closely followed by vascularization. Corneal pigmentation was less responsive and complete regression has not been achieved in any of the dogs. Severely affected corneas exhibited greater improvements in terms of pigmentation, whereas moderately affected corneas showed a slight decrease. Corneal edema and vascularization were adequately controlled, whereas corneal pigmentation exhibited a lower decrease in severity and was more difficult to manage on a long-term basis. This study suggests that subconjunctival injection of TA in addition to topical steroids could represent an effective option for long-term management of CSK in dogs unresponsive to topical steroids alone
References
- 1. Allgoever I, Hoecht S (2010): Radiotherapy for canine chronic superficial keratitis using soft X- rays. Vet Ophthalmol, 13, 20-25.
- 2. Athanasiadis I, de Wit D, Patel AK, et al (2012): Subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the management of corneal graft rejection and new vessels. J Clin Pharmacol, 52, 607-612.
- 3. Azoulay T (2013): Adjunctive cryotherapy for pigmentary keratitis in dogs: a study of 16 corneas. Vet Ophthalmol, 17, 241-249.
- 4. Balicki I (2012): Clinical study on the application of tacrolimus and DMSO in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Polish J Vet Sci, 15, 667-676.
- 5. Bedford PGC (1972): The treatment of keratitis and corneal ulceration in the dog. Vet Ann, 13.
- 6. Costa DC, de Castro RS, Kara-Jose N (2009): Case-control study of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection vs intravenous methylprednisolone pulse in the treatment of endothelial corneal allograft rejection. Eye, 23, 708-714.
- 7. Croasdale CR, Brightbill MD (1999): Subconjunctival Corticosteroid Injections for Nonnecrotizing Anterior Scleritis. Arch Ophthalmol, 117, 978-979.
- 8. de la Maza MS, Jabbur NS, Foster CS (1993): An analysis of therapeutic decision for scleritis. Ophthalmology, 100, 1372-1376.
- 9. Denk N, Fritsche J, Reese S (2011): The effect of UV-blocking contact lenses as a therapy for canince chronic superficial keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol, 14, 186-194.
- 10. Esson DW (2015): Clinical atlas of canine and feline ophthalmic disease. JohnWiley & Sons Inc, Ames, Iowa.
- 11. Grossmann C, Scholz T, Rochel M, et al (2004): Transactivation via the human glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor by therapeutically used steroids in CV-1 cells: a comparison of their glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid properties. Eur J Endocrinol, 151, 397-406.
- 12. Grüning G, Allgoewer I, Höcht S, et al (2001): Zur strahlentherapie der keratitis superficialis chronica mit strontium 90. Kleintierpraxis, 46.
- 13. Hallstrom M (1970): Synspunkter ph behandling av keratitis chronica superficialis. Svensk Veterinartidning, 22.
- 14. Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG (2001): Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw Hill, New York.
- 15. Jermak CM, Dellacroce JT, Heffez J, et al (2007): Triamcinolone acetonide in ocular therapeutics. Surv Ophthalmol, 52, 503-522.
- 16. Jokinen P, Rusanen EM, Kennedy LJ, et al (2011): MHC class II risk haplotype associated with canine chronic superficial keratitis in German Shepherd dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 140, 37-41.
- 17. Krahenmann A (1972): Zur therapie der keratitis superficialis chronica (uberreiter) des deutschen schaferhundes. Ophthalmologica, 165.
- 18. Ledbetter EC, Gilger BC (2013): Diseases and Surgery of the Canine Cornea and Sclera. 976-1050. In: KN Gelatt (Ed), Veterinary Ophthalmology. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, Iowa.
- 19. Lewis G, Campbell W, Johnson A (1986): Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by glucocorticoids in human endothelial cells. Endocrinology, 119, 62-69.
- 20. Maddula S, Davis DK, Maddula S, et al (2011): Horizons in therapy for corneal angiogenesis. Ophthalmology, 118, 591-599.
- 21. Maggs DJ (2008): Cornea and Sclera. 175-202. In: DJ Maggs, P Miller, R Ofri (Eds), Slatter’s Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia.
- 22. Magrane WG (1971): Canine Ophthalmology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
- 23. Molleda JM, Tardón RH, Gallardo JM, et al (2008): The ocular effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in dogs. Vet J, 176, 326-332.
- 24. Nell B, Walde I, Billich A, et al (2005): The effect of topical pimecrolimus on keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superficial keratitis in dogs: results from an exploratory study. Vet Ophthalmol, 8, 39-46.
- 25. Plumb DC, Pharm D (2008): Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa.
- 26. Rankin A (2013): Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Drugs. 407-423. In: KN Gelatt (Ed), Veterinary Ophthalmology. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, Iowa.
- 27. Roufas A, Jalaludin B, Gaskin C, et al (2010): Subconjunctival triamcinolone treatment for non-necrotising anterior scleritis. Br J Ophthalmol, 94, 743-747.
- 28. Sandmeyer LS, Bauer BS, Grahn BH (2017): Diagnostic Ophthalmology. Can Vet J, 58, 91–93.
- 29. Tu EY, Culbertson WW, Pflugfelder SC, et al (1995): Therapy of nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis with subconjunctival corticosteroid injection. Ophthalmology, 102, 718-724.
- 30. Watson PG (1974): Treatment of scleritis and episcleritis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK, 94, 773.
- 31. Williams D, Hoey A, Smitherman P (1995): Comparison of topical cyclosporin and dexamethasone for the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Vet Rec, 137, 635-639.
There are 31 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 25, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |