Farklı fenolojik dönemlerde hasat edilen yerelması hasılının (Helianthus tuberosus) yağ asiti kompozisyonun araştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışmada farklı fenolojik dönemlerde hasat edilen yerelması (Helianthus tuberosus) hasılının yağ asiti kompozisyonunun saptanması amaçlandı. Yerelması vejetasyonun başlangıcı, vejetasyon dönemi, çiçeklenme başlangıcı, tam çiçeklenme ve tohum başlama başlangıcı olmak üzere beş farklı fenolojik dönemde hasat edildi ve örnekleri alındı. Bitki örneklerinde doymuş yağ asitleri (∑SFA), doymamış yağ asitleri (∑UFA), çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (∑PUFA), tekli doymamış yağ asitleri (∑MUFA), orta zincirli yağ asitleri (∑MCFA), uzun zincirli yağ asitleri (∑LCFA) ve çok uzun zincirli yağ asitleri (∑VLCFA) analiz edildi. Hasılın linoleik asit (C18:2n 6c) konsantrasyonu büyüme dönemine göre %21 ile 23 arasında değişmekteydi (P<0,05). Bu kaba yemin oleik asit (C18:2n 6t) konsantrasyonu bitki büyümesi ile arttı ( %20-34, toplam yağ asitleri içinde) (P<0,001). Yerelması hasılının ∑PUFA, w-3, w-6, ∑MCFA ve ∑VLCFA konsantrasyonu bitkinin (vejetasyondan çiçeklenmeye kadar) büyüme dönemiyle pozitif korelasyon içindeydi (P<0,05). Bu hasılın ∑MUFA, w9 ve ∑LCFA konsantrasyonu bitki büyüme dönemiyle negatif korelasyonluydu (P<0,05). Çalışmanın sonucu olarak, çiçeklenme başlangıcında hasat edilen yerelması hasılı ∑UFA, ∑MUFA ve w-9 yağ asitleri kompozisyonu diğer bitki büyüme dönemlerinkinden yüksekti. Bunun yanında, çiçeklenme döneminden hasat edilen yerelması hasılı ∑PUFA, w3 ve ∑VLCFA yağ asitleri açısından zengindi. Bunların göstergesi olarak, çiçeklenme başlangıcı ve tam çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilen yerelması hasılı ruminantlar ve diğer herbivorlar için fonksiyonel özelliklere sahiptir.
References
- Aardema H, Vos PL, Lolicato F, et al (2011): Oleic acid prevents detrimental effects of saturated fatty acidson bovine oocyte developmental competence. Biol Reprod, 85, 62-69.
- Altin TB, Barak B, Altin BN (2012): Change in precipitation and temperature amounts over three decades in central Anatolia, Turkey. Atmosph Clim Sci, 2, 107-125.
- Alderman G, Blake JS, France J, et al (2001): A critique of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System with emphasis on dairy cattle. 2. The post-rumen digestion model. J Anim Feed Sci, 10, 203-221.
- AOAC (1995): Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. AOAC International. Washington, DC, USA. 1995.
- Bossaert P, De-Cock H, Leroy MR, et al (2010): Immunohistochemical visualization of insulin receptors in formalin-fixed bovine ovaries post mortem and in granulosa cells collected in vivo. Theriogenology, 73, 1210-1219.
- Boufaïed H, Chouinard PY, Tremblay GF, et al (2003): Fatty acids in forages. I. Factors affecting concentrations. Can J Anim Sci, 83, 501-511.
- Collomb M, Butikofer U, Sieber R, et al (2002): Correlations between fatty acids in cows’ milk produced in the lowlands, mountains and highlands of Switzerland and botanical composition of the fodder. Int Dairy J, 12, 661-666.
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- Helmi Z, Azzam KM, Tsymbalista Y, et al (2014): Analysis of essential oil in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) leaves and tubers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adv Pharm Bull, 4, 521-526.
- Kalac P, Samkova E (2010): The effects of feeding various forages on fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat: A review. Czech J Anim Sci, 55, 521-537.
- Kara K, Ozkaya S, Baytok E, et al (2018): Effect of phenological stage on nutrient composition, in vitro fermentation and gas production kinetics of Plantago lanceolata herbage. Vet Med, 63, 251-260.
- Kara K (2020): The investigation of milk urea nitrogen and milk fatty acids compositions in dairy cattle with subacute ruminal acidosis. Vet Med, 65, 1-8.
- Kays SJ, Nottingham SF (2007): Classification, identification, and distribution. Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Kramer JK, Feller V, Dugan ME, et al (1997): Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids, 32, 1219-1228.
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- Mir PS, Bittman S, Hunt D, et al (2006): Lipid content and fatty acid composition of grasses sampled on different dates through the early part of the growing season. Can J Anim Sci, 86, 279-290.
- NRC (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council. 7th Revised Edi¬tion. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
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- Vanhatalo A, Kuoppala K, Toivonen V, et al (2007): Effects of forage species and stage of maturity on bovine milk fatty acid composition. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech, 108, 856-867.
- Vanholder T, Leroy J, Soom AV, et al (2005): Effect of non- esterified fatty acids on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci, 87, 33-44.
- Vanholder T, Leroy JL, Dewulf J, et al (2005): Hormonal and metabolic profiles of high-yielding dairy cows prior to ovarian cyst formation or first ovulation postpartum. Reprod Dom Anim, 40, 460-467.
- Wang J, Wu W, Wang X, et al (2015): An affective GC method for the determination of the fatty acid composition in silkworm pupae oil using a two-step methylation process. J Serbian Chem Soc, 80, 9-20.
- Yang L, Sophia Q, Corscadden K, et al (2015): The prospects of Jerusalem artichoke in functional food ingredients and bioenergy production. Biotechnol Rep (Amst), 5, 77-88.
The investigation of fatty acids compositions of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) herbage harvested at different phenological stages
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine fatty acid compositions of Jerusalem artichoke herbages (Helianthus tuberosus) at five different phenological stages. Jerusalem artichoke was harvested at early vegetative, vegetative, early flowering, full flowering, and early seed stages and its herbage samples were obtained. In the herbages, the saturated fatty acid (∑SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (∑UFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), medium chain fatty acids (∑MCFA), long chain fatty acids (∑LCFA) and very long chain fatty acids (∑VLCFA) were analyzed. The linoleic acid (C18:2n 6c) concentrations of herbages were changed from about 21 to 23% at different growing stages (P<0.05). The oleic acid (C18:2n 6t) concentrations of this forage increased with plant growing (20 to 34% in total fatty acids) (P<0.001). The ∑PUFA, w-3, w-6, ∑MCFA and ∑VLCFA concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke herbage were positively correlated with plant growing stage (from vegetation to after flowering) (P<0.05). The ∑MUFA, w-9 and ∑LCFA concentrations of this herbage were negatively correlated with plant growing stage of plant (P<0.05). As a result of the study, the ∑UFA, ∑MUFA and w-9 fatty acids compositions of Jerusalem artichoke herbage, harvested at early flowering stage, were high than those of other plant growing stages. Besides, the Jerusalem artichoke herbage, harvested at flowering stage, was rich from ∑PUFA, w-3 and ∑VLCFA fatty acids. Therefore, Jerusalem artichoke herbage, harvested at early flowering and full flowering stages, has high functional properties for ruminants and other herbivorous.
References
- Aardema H, Vos PL, Lolicato F, et al (2011): Oleic acid prevents detrimental effects of saturated fatty acidson bovine oocyte developmental competence. Biol Reprod, 85, 62-69.
- Altin TB, Barak B, Altin BN (2012): Change in precipitation and temperature amounts over three decades in central Anatolia, Turkey. Atmosph Clim Sci, 2, 107-125.
- Alderman G, Blake JS, France J, et al (2001): A critique of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System with emphasis on dairy cattle. 2. The post-rumen digestion model. J Anim Feed Sci, 10, 203-221.
- AOAC (1995): Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. AOAC International. Washington, DC, USA. 1995.
- Bossaert P, De-Cock H, Leroy MR, et al (2010): Immunohistochemical visualization of insulin receptors in formalin-fixed bovine ovaries post mortem and in granulosa cells collected in vivo. Theriogenology, 73, 1210-1219.
- Boufaïed H, Chouinard PY, Tremblay GF, et al (2003): Fatty acids in forages. I. Factors affecting concentrations. Can J Anim Sci, 83, 501-511.
- Collomb M, Butikofer U, Sieber R, et al (2002): Correlations between fatty acids in cows’ milk produced in the lowlands, mountains and highlands of Switzerland and botanical composition of the fodder. Int Dairy J, 12, 661-666.
- Dewhurst RJ, Scollan ND, Youell SJ, et al (2001): Influence of species, cutting date and cutting interval on the fatty acid composition of grasses. Grass Forage Sci, 56, 68-74.
- Dewhurst RJ, Shingfield KJ, Lee MRF, et al (2006): Increasing the concentrations of beneficial poly-unsaturated fatty acids in milk produced by dairy cows in high-forage systems. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 131, 168-206.
- Dierking RM, Kallenbach RL, Roberts CA (2010): Fatty acid profiles of orchardgrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and alfalfa. Crop Sci, 50, 391-402.
- Ersahince AC, Kara K (2017): Nutrient composition and in vitro digestion parameters of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) herbage at different maturity stages in horse and ruminant. J Anim Feed Sci, 26, 213-225.
- Glasser F, Doreau M, Maxin G, et al. (2013): Fat and fatty acid content and composition of forages: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 185, 19-34.
- Gunnarsson IB, Svensson SE, Johansson E, et al (2014): Potential of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a biorefinery crop. Ind Crop Prod, 56, 231-240.
- Helmi Z, Azzam KM, Tsymbalista Y, et al (2014): Analysis of essential oil in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) leaves and tubers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adv Pharm Bull, 4, 521-526.
- Kalac P, Samkova E (2010): The effects of feeding various forages on fatty acid composition of bovine milk fat: A review. Czech J Anim Sci, 55, 521-537.
- Kara K, Ozkaya S, Baytok E, et al (2018): Effect of phenological stage on nutrient composition, in vitro fermentation and gas production kinetics of Plantago lanceolata herbage. Vet Med, 63, 251-260.
- Kara K (2020): The investigation of milk urea nitrogen and milk fatty acids compositions in dairy cattle with subacute ruminal acidosis. Vet Med, 65, 1-8.
- Kays SJ, Nottingham SF (2007): Classification, identification, and distribution. Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Kramer JK, Feller V, Dugan ME, et al (1997): Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids, 32, 1219-1228.
- Lopez H, Caraviello D, Satter L, et al (2005): Relationship between level of milk production and multiple ovulations in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 88, 2783-2793.
- Mir PS, Bittman S, Hunt D, et al (2006): Lipid content and fatty acid composition of grasses sampled on different dates through the early part of the growing season. Can J Anim Sci, 86, 279-290.
- NRC (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council. 7th Revised Edi¬tion. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Robinson R, Pushpakumara P, Cheng Z, et al (2002): Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on ovarian and uterine function in lactating dairy cows. Reproduction, 124, 119-131.
- Szpunar-Krok E, Bobrecka-Jamro D, Grochowska S, et al (2016): Yield of the aboveground parts and tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) depending on plant density. Acta Sci Pon Agr, 15, 69-78.
- Van Ranst G, Fievez V, Vandewalle M, et al (2009): Influence of herbage species, cultivar and cutting date on fatty acid composition of herbage and lipid metabolism during ensiling. Grass Forage Sci, 64, 196-207.
- Vanhatalo A, Kuoppala K, Toivonen V, et al (2007): Effects of forage species and stage of maturity on bovine milk fatty acid composition. Eur J Lipid Sci Tech, 108, 856-867.
- Vanholder T, Leroy J, Soom AV, et al (2005): Effect of non- esterified fatty acids on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci, 87, 33-44.
- Vanholder T, Leroy JL, Dewulf J, et al (2005): Hormonal and metabolic profiles of high-yielding dairy cows prior to ovarian cyst formation or first ovulation postpartum. Reprod Dom Anim, 40, 460-467.
- Wang J, Wu W, Wang X, et al (2015): An affective GC method for the determination of the fatty acid composition in silkworm pupae oil using a two-step methylation process. J Serbian Chem Soc, 80, 9-20.
- Yang L, Sophia Q, Corscadden K, et al (2015): The prospects of Jerusalem artichoke in functional food ingredients and bioenergy production. Biotechnol Rep (Amst), 5, 77-88.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |