Research Article
Year 2022,
, 431 - 436, 30.09.2022
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed by reducing sugars in honey in acidic environments by the Maillard reaction and is known as a carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic compound. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxic HMF content of unbranded flower honey samples sold under the sun under inappropriate conditions and unsupervised on the highway sides and to make an evaluation in terms of food safety. The quality of the analysis results was guaranteed by participating in an international proficiency test. Analysis was performed on a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) device with Diode Array Detector (DAD) and Refractive Index (RI) detectors- The HMF levels of 5 honey samples were determined to exceed the legal limit (40 mg kg-1). It is revealed by the current study that the honey sold on the roadside is not safe in terms of toxic HMF. In addition, 5 samples were not found to comply with the regulation in terms of glucose + fructose content and 2 samples in terms of fructose/glucose ratio. Thus, it has also been determined that these honeys are not reliable in terms of purity.
Keywords
Thanks
A part of this study was presented as an oral presentation at the “International Congress of Eurasian Natural Nutrition and Healthy Life 2018” and was taken place as an abstract in congress - proceedings book. The author would like to thank to Kastamonu University Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center.
References
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- Batu A, Küçük E, Çimen M (2013): Determination of the physicochemical and biochemical values of flower honeys obtained from Eastern Anatolia and Eastern Black Sea regions. EJFT, 87, 52-62.
- Belitz H-D, Grosch W, Schieberle P (2009): Food Chemistry. 4th revised and enlarged edition. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin.
- Bogdanov S (2009): Harmonised Methods of the International Honey Commission. Available at https://www.ihc-platform.net/ihcmethods2009.pdf. (Accessed February 20, 2021).
- Capuano E, Fogliano V (2011): Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF): A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food and mitigation strategies. LWT-Food Sci Technol, 44, 793-810.
- da Silva PM, Gauche C, Gonzaga LV, et al (2016): Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity. Food Chem, 196, 309-323.
- de Smet L, Saegerman C, Ravoet J, et al (2018): Hydroxylmethylfurfural induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of the Toll pathway in honey bees. 296. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group; Ghent, Belgium.
- Dümen E, Akkaya H, Öz GM, et al (2013): Microbiological and parasitological quality of honey produced in İstanbul. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37, 602-607.
- Escriche I, Kadar M, Juan-Borras M, et al (2014): Suitability of antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and phenolic acids for floral authentication of honey. Impact of industrial thermal treatment. Food Chem, 142, 135-143.
- Güler Z (2005): The chemical and sensory properties of honeys produced in the east blacksea region. Gıda, 30, 379-384.
- Güzel N, Bahçeci KS (2020): Assesment of some chemical quality parameters of honeys produced in Çorum province. Gıda, 45, 230-241.
- Horwitz W, Albert R (2006): The Horwitz ratio (HorRat): a useful index of method performance with respect to precision. J AOAC Int, 89, 1095-1109.
- Islam MN, Khalil MI, Islam MA, et al (2014): Toxic compounds in honey. J Appl Toxicol, 34, 733-742.
- Kahraman T, Buyukunal SK, Vural A, et al (2010): Physico-chemical properties of honey from different regions of Turkey. Food Chem, 123, 41-44.
- Korkmaz SD, Küplülü Ö (2017): Effects of storage temperature on HMF and diastase activity of strained honeys. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 64, 281-287.
- Kutlu M, Bengü AŞ (2015): Identification of the quality criteria of honey produced in Gaziantep. TJNS, 4, 48-53.
- Magnusson B, Örnemark U (2014): The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods – A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics. Available at https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/MV_guide_2nd_ed_EN.pdf. (Accessed February 20, 2021).
- Önür İ, Misra NN, Barba FJ, et al (2018): Effects of ultrasound and high pressure on physicochemical properties and HMF formation in Turkish honey types. J Food Eng, 219, 129-136.
- Sakač MB, Jovanov PT, Marić AZ, et al (2019): Physicochemical properties and mineral content of honey samples from Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Food Chem, 276, 15-21.
- Şengül M, Şengül M, Dodoloğlu A (2006): Erzurum’da üretilen balların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri. 863. In: Proceedings of the 9. Gıda Mühendisliği Kongresi; Bolu, Turkey.
- Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2020): Turkish Food Codex Honey Communique Available at https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/04/20200422-13.htm. (Accessed February 20, 2021).
- Turkut GM, Degirmenci A, Yildiz O, et al (2018): Investigating 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation kinetic and antioxidant activity in heat treated honey from different floral sources. J Food Meas Charact, 12, 2358-2365.
- Unubol Aypak S, Inci A, Bakirci S, et al (2018): Comparison of the antioxidant activity and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey taken from hives and markets. Gıda, 44, 86-92.
- Yaşar S, Söğütlü İ (2020): Investigation of acidity, diastase number, HMF, insoluble dry matter and ash percentage values of some honey samples produced in Bingöl and districts. Van Vet J, 31, 42-45.
- Yıldız İ, Rasgele PG, Kekeçoğlu M (2018): Determination of the physicochemical properties of pine, cotton, multifloral and sunflower honeys. U Bee J, 16, 2-11.
Year 2022,
, 431 - 436, 30.09.2022
Abstract
References
- Apriceno A, Bucci R, Girelli AM, et al (2018): 5- Hydroxymethyl furfural determination in Italian honeys by a fast near infrared spectroscopy. Microchem J, 143, 140-144.
- Batu A, Küçük E, Çimen M (2013): Determination of the physicochemical and biochemical values of flower honeys obtained from Eastern Anatolia and Eastern Black Sea regions. EJFT, 87, 52-62.
- Belitz H-D, Grosch W, Schieberle P (2009): Food Chemistry. 4th revised and enlarged edition. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin.
- Bogdanov S (2009): Harmonised Methods of the International Honey Commission. Available at https://www.ihc-platform.net/ihcmethods2009.pdf. (Accessed February 20, 2021).
- Capuano E, Fogliano V (2011): Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF): A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food and mitigation strategies. LWT-Food Sci Technol, 44, 793-810.
- da Silva PM, Gauche C, Gonzaga LV, et al (2016): Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity. Food Chem, 196, 309-323.
- de Smet L, Saegerman C, Ravoet J, et al (2018): Hydroxylmethylfurfural induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of the Toll pathway in honey bees. 296. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group; Ghent, Belgium.
- Dümen E, Akkaya H, Öz GM, et al (2013): Microbiological and parasitological quality of honey produced in İstanbul. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 37, 602-607.
- Escriche I, Kadar M, Juan-Borras M, et al (2014): Suitability of antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and phenolic acids for floral authentication of honey. Impact of industrial thermal treatment. Food Chem, 142, 135-143.
- Güler Z (2005): The chemical and sensory properties of honeys produced in the east blacksea region. Gıda, 30, 379-384.
- Güzel N, Bahçeci KS (2020): Assesment of some chemical quality parameters of honeys produced in Çorum province. Gıda, 45, 230-241.
- Horwitz W, Albert R (2006): The Horwitz ratio (HorRat): a useful index of method performance with respect to precision. J AOAC Int, 89, 1095-1109.
- Islam MN, Khalil MI, Islam MA, et al (2014): Toxic compounds in honey. J Appl Toxicol, 34, 733-742.
- Kahraman T, Buyukunal SK, Vural A, et al (2010): Physico-chemical properties of honey from different regions of Turkey. Food Chem, 123, 41-44.
- Korkmaz SD, Küplülü Ö (2017): Effects of storage temperature on HMF and diastase activity of strained honeys. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 64, 281-287.
- Kutlu M, Bengü AŞ (2015): Identification of the quality criteria of honey produced in Gaziantep. TJNS, 4, 48-53.
- Magnusson B, Örnemark U (2014): The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods – A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics. Available at https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/MV_guide_2nd_ed_EN.pdf. (Accessed February 20, 2021).
- Önür İ, Misra NN, Barba FJ, et al (2018): Effects of ultrasound and high pressure on physicochemical properties and HMF formation in Turkish honey types. J Food Eng, 219, 129-136.
- Sakač MB, Jovanov PT, Marić AZ, et al (2019): Physicochemical properties and mineral content of honey samples from Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Food Chem, 276, 15-21.
- Şengül M, Şengül M, Dodoloğlu A (2006): Erzurum’da üretilen balların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri. 863. In: Proceedings of the 9. Gıda Mühendisliği Kongresi; Bolu, Turkey.
- Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2020): Turkish Food Codex Honey Communique Available at https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/04/20200422-13.htm. (Accessed February 20, 2021).
- Turkut GM, Degirmenci A, Yildiz O, et al (2018): Investigating 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation kinetic and antioxidant activity in heat treated honey from different floral sources. J Food Meas Charact, 12, 2358-2365.
- Unubol Aypak S, Inci A, Bakirci S, et al (2018): Comparison of the antioxidant activity and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey taken from hives and markets. Gıda, 44, 86-92.
- Yaşar S, Söğütlü İ (2020): Investigation of acidity, diastase number, HMF, insoluble dry matter and ash percentage values of some honey samples produced in Bingöl and districts. Van Vet J, 31, 42-45.
- Yıldız İ, Rasgele PG, Kekeçoğlu M (2018): Determination of the physicochemical properties of pine, cotton, multifloral and sunflower honeys. U Bee J, 16, 2-11.
There are 25 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 |