Research Article
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Anthropometric Measurements of the Nose and Nose Types

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 248 - 255, 31.08.2023

Nazire Kılıç Şafak Behice Durgun Ahmet Hilmi Yücel Özkan Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1269020
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Background: In this study, the purpose was to obtain normal anthropometric data of the nose, and to determine the changes in age and gender.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the nose anthropometric measurements were made with a caliper in 874 healthy individuals who were between the ages of 5 and 64, and the nose types were de-termined for adults. The individuals were divided into 8 groups as 5-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-40, and 41-64-year-old. The nasal length, nasal height, morphological nasal width, anatomical nasal width, nasal root width, nasal depth, lengths, nostril widths, face width, and face heights of the individu-als were measured; and the external nasal surface area, nasal volume, nasal index, nasofacial index, and nose-face width index were calculated. According to Martin and Sallar, the types of noses were classified in adults. The SPSS 20.0 Program was used for the statistical analysis of the data.
Results: The most common type of nose was determined to be Mesorrhine. Statistically significant differ-ences were detected between the genders in all measurements except nasal depth. Statistically signifi-cant differences were detected in all groups in terms of all length and height measurements, morphologi-cal and anatomical nasal width values, external nasal surface areas, and nasal volume and indices.
Conclusions: It is expected that detailed data about age-sex-related nose morphometry in our study will contribute to the creation of a database of our population. It is thought that these detailed data will be helpful in the determination of age and gender in forensic medicine, the reconstruction studies in anthro-pology, and the treatment plan and post-surgery evaluation to surgeons.

Keywords

Anatomy Anthropometry Nose

Supporting Institution

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

TDK-2018-10741

Thanks

This study was funded by Cukurova University Department of Scientific Research Projects as a doctoral thesis (No: TDK-2018-10741). The authors present thanks to Ahmet Hilmi Yücel, Prof. Dr., for her advices and supports who suddenly passed away while study is contuining. A preliminary part of this study is presented in 17th National Anatomy Congress, Eskişehir as an oral presentation.

References

  • 1. Yücel AH. Dere Anatomi Atlası ve Ders Kitabı. 7. Baskı. Adana: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018: 457-500.
  • 2. Moore KL, Agur A. Temel Klinik Anatomi. 2. Baskı. Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 2007: 955-959.
  • 3. Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Gray’s Tıp Fakültesi Öğren-cileri için Anatomi. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Öncü Basımevi, 2007: 468-594.
  • 4. Otman AS, Demirel H, Sade A. Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel Değerlendirme Prensipleri. 2. baskı, Ankara: 1998: 47-52.
  • 5. Carvalho B, Ballin AC, Becker RV, Berger CA, Hurtado JG, Mocellin M. Rhinoplasty and Facial Asymmetry: Analysis of Subjective and Anthropometric Factors in the Caucasian Nose. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012; 16(4):445-451.
  • 6. Hwang T, Kang H. Morphometry of Nasal Bases and Nostrils in Koreans. Annals of Anatomy. 2003; 185 (2): 189-193.
  • 7. Zolbin M, Hassanzadeh G, Mokhtari T, Arabkheradmand A, Hassanzadeh S. Anthropometric Studies of Nasal Parameters of Kazvin Residents, Iran. MOJ Anat Physiol. 2015; 1(1): 1-5.
  • 8. Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Khammar T, Khammar M. Anthropometric Measurements of the External Nose in 18-25 year-old Sistani and Baluch Aborigine Women in the Southeast of Iran. Folia Morphol. 2009; 68(2): 88-92.
  • 9. Sforza C, Grandi G, Menezes M, Tartaglia G, Ferrario V. Age-and Sex-related Changes in the Normal Human External Nose. Forensic Science International. 2010; 204: 205.e1-205.e9.
  • 10. Maddux SD, Butaric LN, Yokley TR, Franciscus RG. Ecogeo-graphic Variation Across Morphofunctional Units of the Hu-man Nose. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2017; 162(1): 103-119.
  • 11. Farkas LG, Kolar JC, Munro IR. Geography of the Nose: A Morphometric Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1986; 10: 191–223.
  • 12. Martin R, Saller K. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. Stuttgart: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1957.
  • 13. Zankl A, Eberle L, Molinari L, Schinzel A. Growth Charts for Nose Length, Nasal Protrusion, and Philtrum Length from Birth to 97 Years. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2002; 111(4): 388-391.
  • 14. Bahsi I, Orhan M, Kervancioglu P, Karatepe S, Sayın S. Exter-nal Nose Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2021; 32(6): 2226-2229.
  • 15. Dogru S, Deniz M, Uslu AI. Anthropometric Analysis of Na-solabial Region and Age-related Changes in Adult Women. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020; 31 (4): 1161-1165.
  • 16. Özkoçak V, Özdemir F. Age-related Changes in the External Noses of the Anatolian Men. Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2018; 42(5): 1336-1342.
  • 17. Adelakun SA, Ogunlade B, Akingbade GT, Fidelis OP, Ibiayo AG. Anthropometric Characterization of Nasal Parameters in Adults Oyemekun Ethnic Group in Akure Southwest Nigeria. Int J Anat Res. 2018; 6(2.2): 5272-79.
  • 18. Othman SA, Majawit LP, Hassan WNW, Wey MC, Razi RM. Anthropometric Study of Three-dimensional Facial Morphol-ogy in Malay Adults. PloS one. 2016; 11(10): 164-180.
  • 19. Elsamny TA, Rabie AN, Abdelhamid AN, Sobhi EA. Anthropo-metric Analysis of the External Nose of the Egyptian Males. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2018; 42(5): 1343-1356.
  • 20. Peksis K, Unger J, Paulauska S, Emsina A, Blumbergs M, Vogt K. Relationships Among Nasal Resistance, Age and Anthro-pometric Parameters of the Nose During Growth. Rhinol Online. 2018; 1: 112-121.
  • 21. Celebi AA, Kau CH, Ozaydin B. Three-dimensional Anthropo-metric Evaluation of Facial Morphology. Journal of Craniofa-cial Surgery. 2017; 28(5): e470-e474.
  • 22. Garandawa H, Nwaorgu OGB, Oluwatosin O. Morphometric Nose Parameters in Adult Nigerians. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2009; 10(2): 1-6.
  • 23. Agarwal J. Morphometric Analysis and Degree of Satisfaction of Nasal Profiles in Young Medical Students in Northern India. Clinical Rhinology: An International Journal. 2016; 9(1): 24-27.
  • 24. Pazos JAT, Galdanes ICS, López MC, Matamala DAZ. Sexual Dimorphism in the Nose Morphotype in Adult Chilean. Int. J. Morphol. 2008; 26(3): 537-542.
  • 25. López-Mateos MM, Carreño-Carreño J, Palma JC, Alarcón JA, López-Mateos CM, Menéndez-Núñez M. Three-dimensional Photographic Analysis of the Face in European Adults from Southern Spain with Normal Occlusion: Reference Anthro-pometric Measurements. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 19(1): 196.
  • 26. He ZJ, Jian XC, Wu XS, Gao X, Zhou SH, Zhong XH. Anthropo-metric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults. Journal of Craniofa-cial Surgery. 2009; 20(5): 1347-1351.
  • 27. Lee W, Jeong J, Park J, Jeon E, Kim H, Jung D, You H. Analysis of the Facial Measurements of Korean Air Force Pilots for Oxygen Mask Design. Ergonomics. 2013; 56(9): 1451-1464.
  • 28. Hegazy AA. Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of Egyp-tians. Int J Anat Res. 2014; 2(4): 761-67.
  • 29. Özdemir F, Uzun A. Anthropometric Analysis of the Nose in Young Turkish Men and Women. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015; 43(7): 1244-1247.
  • 30. Mehta N, Srivastava RK. The Indian nose: An Anthropometric Analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive ve Aesthetic Sur-gery. 2017; 70(10): 1472-1482.
  • 31. Paul O, Yinka OS, Taiye AS, Gift AM. An Anthropometric Study of Some Basic Nasal Parameters of Three Major Ethnic Groups in Kogi State, Nigeria. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 3(2): 62-67.
  • 32. Staka G, Dragidella F, Disha M. Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of the Kosovo Albanian Population. Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology. 2012; 8(2): 457-462.
  • 33. Farkas LG, Phillips JH, Katic M. Anthropometric Anatomical and Morphological Nose Widths in Canadian Caucasian Adults. Canadian journal of plastic surgery. 1998; 6(3): 149-151.
  • 34. Du L, Zhuang Z, Guan H, Xing J, Tang X, Wang L, Benson S. Head-and-face Anthropometric Survey of Chinese Workers. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2008; 52(8): 773-782.
  • 35. Davies A. A re-survey of the Morphology of the Nose in Relation to Climate. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1932; 62: 337-359.
  • 36. Porter JP, Olson KL. Analysis of the African American Female Nose. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003; 111(2): 620-626.
  • 37. Sharma SK, Jehan M, Sharma RL, Saxena S, Trivedi A, Bhad-karia V. Anthropometric Comparison of Nasal Parameters be-tween Male and Female of Gwalior Region. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2014; 1(5): 57-62.
  • 38. Oladipo GS, Eroje MA, Fahwehinmi HB. Anthropometric Comparison of Nasal Indices between Andoni and Okrika Tribes of Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medi-cine and Medical Sciences. 2009; 1(4): 135-137.
  • 39. Esomonu UG, Ude RA, Lukpata PU, Nandi EM. Anthropomet-ric Study of the Nasal Index of Bekwara Ethnic Group of Cross River State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Ap-plied and Basic Sciences. 2013; 5(10): 1262-1265.
  • 40. Ukoha UU, Egwu OA, Ndukwe GU, Akudu LS, Umeasalugo KE. Anthropometric Study of the Nose in a Student Popula-tion. Annals of Bioanthropology. 2016; 4(1): 8-11.
  • 41. Bradtmiller B, Friess M, Zhuang Z. A head-and-face Anthro-pometric Survey of US Respirator Users. Anthrotech. 2004.

Burun Antropometrik Ölçümleri ve Burun Tipleri

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 248 - 255, 31.08.2023

Nazire Kılıç Şafak Behice Durgun Ahmet Hilmi Yücel Özkan Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1269020
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; burun ile ilgili normal antropometrik verilerin elde edilmesi, yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilgili değişikliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve metod: Bu amaç doğrultusunda 5-64 yaş arası 874 sağlıklı bireyde kaliper ile burun antropometrik ölçümleri yapılmıştır ve yetişkinlerde burun tipleri belirlenmiştir. Bireyler yaşlarına göre 5-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-40, 41-64 yaş olmak üzere 8 gruba ayrılmıştır. Bireylerde nazal uzunluk, nazal yükseklik, morfolojik nazal genişlik, anatomik nazal genişlik, nazal kök genişliği, nazal derinlik, nostril uzunlukları ve genişlikleri, yüz genişliği ve yüz yüksekliği ölçülmüş; eksternal burun yüzey alanı, nazal hacim, nazal indeks, nazofasiyal indeks ve burun-yüz genişlik indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Yetişkinlerde Martin ve Sallar’a göre burun tipleri sınıflandırılmıştır Verilerin istatistiksel analizi için SPSS 20.0 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: En çok görülen burun tipi mesorrhine olarak belirlenmiştir. Nazal derinlik hariç tüm ölçümlerde cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklılık görülmüştür. Tüm uzunluk ve yükseklik ölçümleri ile morfolojik ve anatomik nazal genişlik değerleri, eksternal burun yüzey alanı, nazal hacim ve indekslerin hepsinde tüm gruplarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklılık görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Burun ile ilgili yaşa ve cinsiyete bağlı olarak elde edilen bu verilerin literatüre katkı sağlayacağı, burun ve yüz bölgesi ile ilgili cerrahi işlemlerde, adli tıp ve antropoloji çalışmalarında yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Anatomi Antropometri Burun

Project Number

TDK-2018-10741

References

  • 1. Yücel AH. Dere Anatomi Atlası ve Ders Kitabı. 7. Baskı. Adana: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018: 457-500.
  • 2. Moore KL, Agur A. Temel Klinik Anatomi. 2. Baskı. Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 2007: 955-959.
  • 3. Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. Gray’s Tıp Fakültesi Öğren-cileri için Anatomi. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Öncü Basımevi, 2007: 468-594.
  • 4. Otman AS, Demirel H, Sade A. Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel Değerlendirme Prensipleri. 2. baskı, Ankara: 1998: 47-52.
  • 5. Carvalho B, Ballin AC, Becker RV, Berger CA, Hurtado JG, Mocellin M. Rhinoplasty and Facial Asymmetry: Analysis of Subjective and Anthropometric Factors in the Caucasian Nose. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012; 16(4):445-451.
  • 6. Hwang T, Kang H. Morphometry of Nasal Bases and Nostrils in Koreans. Annals of Anatomy. 2003; 185 (2): 189-193.
  • 7. Zolbin M, Hassanzadeh G, Mokhtari T, Arabkheradmand A, Hassanzadeh S. Anthropometric Studies of Nasal Parameters of Kazvin Residents, Iran. MOJ Anat Physiol. 2015; 1(1): 1-5.
  • 8. Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Khammar T, Khammar M. Anthropometric Measurements of the External Nose in 18-25 year-old Sistani and Baluch Aborigine Women in the Southeast of Iran. Folia Morphol. 2009; 68(2): 88-92.
  • 9. Sforza C, Grandi G, Menezes M, Tartaglia G, Ferrario V. Age-and Sex-related Changes in the Normal Human External Nose. Forensic Science International. 2010; 204: 205.e1-205.e9.
  • 10. Maddux SD, Butaric LN, Yokley TR, Franciscus RG. Ecogeo-graphic Variation Across Morphofunctional Units of the Hu-man Nose. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2017; 162(1): 103-119.
  • 11. Farkas LG, Kolar JC, Munro IR. Geography of the Nose: A Morphometric Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1986; 10: 191–223.
  • 12. Martin R, Saller K. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. Stuttgart: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1957.
  • 13. Zankl A, Eberle L, Molinari L, Schinzel A. Growth Charts for Nose Length, Nasal Protrusion, and Philtrum Length from Birth to 97 Years. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2002; 111(4): 388-391.
  • 14. Bahsi I, Orhan M, Kervancioglu P, Karatepe S, Sayın S. Exter-nal Nose Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2021; 32(6): 2226-2229.
  • 15. Dogru S, Deniz M, Uslu AI. Anthropometric Analysis of Na-solabial Region and Age-related Changes in Adult Women. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020; 31 (4): 1161-1165.
  • 16. Özkoçak V, Özdemir F. Age-related Changes in the External Noses of the Anatolian Men. Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2018; 42(5): 1336-1342.
  • 17. Adelakun SA, Ogunlade B, Akingbade GT, Fidelis OP, Ibiayo AG. Anthropometric Characterization of Nasal Parameters in Adults Oyemekun Ethnic Group in Akure Southwest Nigeria. Int J Anat Res. 2018; 6(2.2): 5272-79.
  • 18. Othman SA, Majawit LP, Hassan WNW, Wey MC, Razi RM. Anthropometric Study of Three-dimensional Facial Morphol-ogy in Malay Adults. PloS one. 2016; 11(10): 164-180.
  • 19. Elsamny TA, Rabie AN, Abdelhamid AN, Sobhi EA. Anthropo-metric Analysis of the External Nose of the Egyptian Males. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2018; 42(5): 1343-1356.
  • 20. Peksis K, Unger J, Paulauska S, Emsina A, Blumbergs M, Vogt K. Relationships Among Nasal Resistance, Age and Anthro-pometric Parameters of the Nose During Growth. Rhinol Online. 2018; 1: 112-121.
  • 21. Celebi AA, Kau CH, Ozaydin B. Three-dimensional Anthropo-metric Evaluation of Facial Morphology. Journal of Craniofa-cial Surgery. 2017; 28(5): e470-e474.
  • 22. Garandawa H, Nwaorgu OGB, Oluwatosin O. Morphometric Nose Parameters in Adult Nigerians. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2009; 10(2): 1-6.
  • 23. Agarwal J. Morphometric Analysis and Degree of Satisfaction of Nasal Profiles in Young Medical Students in Northern India. Clinical Rhinology: An International Journal. 2016; 9(1): 24-27.
  • 24. Pazos JAT, Galdanes ICS, López MC, Matamala DAZ. Sexual Dimorphism in the Nose Morphotype in Adult Chilean. Int. J. Morphol. 2008; 26(3): 537-542.
  • 25. López-Mateos MM, Carreño-Carreño J, Palma JC, Alarcón JA, López-Mateos CM, Menéndez-Núñez M. Three-dimensional Photographic Analysis of the Face in European Adults from Southern Spain with Normal Occlusion: Reference Anthro-pometric Measurements. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 19(1): 196.
  • 26. He ZJ, Jian XC, Wu XS, Gao X, Zhou SH, Zhong XH. Anthropo-metric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults. Journal of Craniofa-cial Surgery. 2009; 20(5): 1347-1351.
  • 27. Lee W, Jeong J, Park J, Jeon E, Kim H, Jung D, You H. Analysis of the Facial Measurements of Korean Air Force Pilots for Oxygen Mask Design. Ergonomics. 2013; 56(9): 1451-1464.
  • 28. Hegazy AA. Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of Egyp-tians. Int J Anat Res. 2014; 2(4): 761-67.
  • 29. Özdemir F, Uzun A. Anthropometric Analysis of the Nose in Young Turkish Men and Women. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015; 43(7): 1244-1247.
  • 30. Mehta N, Srivastava RK. The Indian nose: An Anthropometric Analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive ve Aesthetic Sur-gery. 2017; 70(10): 1472-1482.
  • 31. Paul O, Yinka OS, Taiye AS, Gift AM. An Anthropometric Study of Some Basic Nasal Parameters of Three Major Ethnic Groups in Kogi State, Nigeria. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 3(2): 62-67.
  • 32. Staka G, Dragidella F, Disha M. Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of the Kosovo Albanian Population. Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology. 2012; 8(2): 457-462.
  • 33. Farkas LG, Phillips JH, Katic M. Anthropometric Anatomical and Morphological Nose Widths in Canadian Caucasian Adults. Canadian journal of plastic surgery. 1998; 6(3): 149-151.
  • 34. Du L, Zhuang Z, Guan H, Xing J, Tang X, Wang L, Benson S. Head-and-face Anthropometric Survey of Chinese Workers. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2008; 52(8): 773-782.
  • 35. Davies A. A re-survey of the Morphology of the Nose in Relation to Climate. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 1932; 62: 337-359.
  • 36. Porter JP, Olson KL. Analysis of the African American Female Nose. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003; 111(2): 620-626.
  • 37. Sharma SK, Jehan M, Sharma RL, Saxena S, Trivedi A, Bhad-karia V. Anthropometric Comparison of Nasal Parameters be-tween Male and Female of Gwalior Region. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2014; 1(5): 57-62.
  • 38. Oladipo GS, Eroje MA, Fahwehinmi HB. Anthropometric Comparison of Nasal Indices between Andoni and Okrika Tribes of Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medi-cine and Medical Sciences. 2009; 1(4): 135-137.
  • 39. Esomonu UG, Ude RA, Lukpata PU, Nandi EM. Anthropomet-ric Study of the Nasal Index of Bekwara Ethnic Group of Cross River State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Ap-plied and Basic Sciences. 2013; 5(10): 1262-1265.
  • 40. Ukoha UU, Egwu OA, Ndukwe GU, Akudu LS, Umeasalugo KE. Anthropometric Study of the Nose in a Student Popula-tion. Annals of Bioanthropology. 2016; 4(1): 8-11.
  • 41. Bradtmiller B, Friess M, Zhuang Z. A head-and-face Anthro-pometric Survey of US Respirator Users. Anthrotech. 2004.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nazire Kılıç Şafak 0000-0003-1521-5437

Behice Durgun 0000-0003-0065-551X

Ahmet Hilmi Yücel 0000-0002-2660-5388

Özkan Oğuz 0000-0002-3081-1467

Project Number TDK-2018-10741
Early Pub Date August 15, 2023
Publication Date August 31, 2023
Submission Date March 22, 2023
Acceptance Date May 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Kılıç Şafak N, Durgun B, Yücel AH, Oğuz Ö. Anthropometric Measurements of the Nose and Nose Types. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;20(2):248-55.

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