Letter to Editor
Determination of starting level of heat stress on daily milk yield in Holstein cows in Bursa city of Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the starting levels of heat stress on daily milk yield (DMY) in Holstein cows reared in Marmara region in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 68113 daily milk records of 212 Holstein Friesian cows raised in Bursa, a city in Marmara region, during 2010-2012 were evaluated. The temperature humidity index (THI) was used to investigate the effect of heat stress. The effects of year, lactation number, days in milk (DIM) and THI on milk yield were found significant (P<0.01). DMY's smallest, largest, average values were 3.0, 72.1, 28.9±0.04, respectively, and the 305-day average milk yield was 9435±156.12 kg. DMY smallest adjusted average occurred in August (24.0 kg), while the highest occurred in April (31.5 kg). THI ranged between 26 and 79, the first THI value having adverse effect on milk yield was 65, and THI threshold value irreversibly affecting the milk yield is 70. THI value of 70 and above were detected more than 268 days from May to September in three years. The correlation coefficient between THI and the daily milk yield was calculated as -0.771. Also on farms in similar climatic conditions, precautions must be taken against heat stress. Continuous recording of temperature and humidity and the operation of the cooling system in the barns according to the THI can be more effective against heat stress
Keywords
References
- Bakır G, Kaygısız A (2013): Milk yield characteristics of Holstein cows and the effect of calving month on milk yield. KSU J Nat Sci, 16, 1-7.
- Barash H, Silanikove N, Shamay A, et al. (2001): Interrelationships among ambient temperature, day length, and milk yield in dairy cows under a Mediterranean climate. J Dairy Sci, 84, 2314-2320.
- Benezra, MV (1954): A new index measuring the adaptability of cattle to tropical conditions. J Anim Sci, 13, 1015.
- Berman A (2005): Estimates of heat stress relief needs for Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Sci, 83, 1377-1384.
- Bernabucci U, Biffani S, Buggiotti L, et al. (2014): The effects of heat stress in Italian Holstein dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 97, 471-486.
- Bohmanova J, Misztal I, Cole JB (2007): Temperature- Humidity Indices as indicators of milk production losses due to heat stress. J Dairy Sci, 90, 1947-1956.
- Bouraouia R, Lahmar M, Majdoubc A, et al. (2002): The relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production of dairy cows in a Mediterranean climate. Anim Res, 51, 479-491.
- Brouček, J, Ryba S, Mihina S, et al. (2007): Impact of thermal-humidity index on milk yield under conditions of different dairy management. J Anim Feed Sci, 16, 329-344.
- Brügemann K, Gernand E, von Borstel UK, et al. (2012): Defining and evaluating heat stress thresholds in different dairy cow production systems. Arch Tierzucht, 55, 13-24.
- Collier RJ, Zimbelman RB, Rhoads RPP, et al. (2011): A Re-evaluation of the impact of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) on milk production in high producing dairy cows. In: Western Dairy Management Conference. 113-126, Reno, NV.
- Dikmen S, Cole JB, Null DJ, et al. (2012): Heritability of rectal temperature and genetic correlations with production and reproduction traits in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 95, 3401-3405.
- Dikmen S, Hansen PJ (2009): Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress in lactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment? J Dairy Sci, 92, 109-116.
- Hansen J V, Friggens NC, Hİjsgaard S (2006): The influence of breed and parity on milk yield, and milk yield acceleration curves. Livest Sci, 104, 53-62.
- Joksimović-Todorović M, Davidović V, Hristov S, et al. (2011): Effect of heat stress on milk production in dairy cows. Biotechnol Anim Husb, 27, 1017-1023.
- Kadzere CT, Murphy MR, Silanikove N, et al. (2002): Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: A review. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 59-91.
- Kunaka K, Makuza SM (2005): Environmental factors affecting milk production in Holstein-Friesian population of Zimbabwe. Pakistan J Biol Sci, 8, 989-994.
- Linvill DE, Pardue FE (1992): Heat stress and milk production in the South Carolina coastal plains. J Dairy Sci, 75, 2598-2604.
- Mader TL, Davis MS, Brown-Brandl T (2006): Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci, 84, 712-719.
- Mader TL, Johnson LJ, Gaughan JB (2010): A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals. J Anim Sci, 88, 2153-2165.
- Minitab Inc. Minitab, (2010): Minitab Assist White Pap. 25, 2010.
- Naceur M, Bouallegue M, Frouja S, et al. (2012): Effects of environmental factors on milk yield, lactation length and dry period in Tunisian Holstein cows. In: Milk Production an Up to Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health. InTech; 153-164.
- Nielsen HM, Friggens NC, Lİvendahl P, et al. (2003): Influence of breed, parity, and stage of lactation on lactational performance and relationship between body fatness and live weight. Livest Prod Sci, 79, 119-133.
- Ravagnolo O, Misztal I, Hoogenboom G (2000): Genetic component of heat stress in dairy cattle, development of heat index function. J Dairy Sci, 83, 2120-2125.
- Rekik B, Ben Gara A, Ben Hamouda M, et al. (2003): Fitting lactation curves of dairy cattle in different types of herds in tunisia. Livest Prod Sci, 83, 309-315.
- Schutz MM, Hansen LB, Steuernagel GR, et al. (1990): Variation of milk, fat, protein, and somatic cells for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 73, 484-493.
- Silvestre AM, Martins AM, Santos VA, et al. (2009): Lactation curves for milk, fat and protein in dairy cows: A full approach. Livest Sci, 122, 308-313.
- Tekerli M, Akıncı Z, Doğan İ, et al. (2000): Factors affecting the shape of lactation curves of Holstein cows from the Balıkesir province of Turkey. J Dairy Sci, 83, 1381
- West JW (2003): Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 86, 2131-2144.
Türkiye’nin Bursa şehrindeki Siyah Alaca ineklerde günlük süt verimi için ısı stresi başlangıçseviyesinin belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Marmara Bölgesinde yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca sığırlarda günlük süt verimi (GSV) için ısı stresinin başlangıç seviyelerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla Marmara Bölgesinde bulunan Bursa’da 2010-2012 yılları arasında yetiştirilen 212 baş Siyah Alaca ineğe ait toplam 68113 süt verim kaydı değerlendirilmiştir. Isı stresinin etkisini araştırmak için sıcaklık nem indeksi (SNİ) kullanılmıştır. Yıl, laktasyon sayısı, sağılan gün sayısı (SGS) ve SNİ’nin süt verimine etkileri önemlidir (P<0.01). GSV’nin en küçük, en büyük, ortalama değeri sırasıyla, 3.0, 72.1, 28.9±0.04, ve 305 gün süt verimi ortalaması ise 9435±156.12 kg bulunmuştur. En küçük düzeltilmiş GSV ortalama Ağustos ayında (24.0 kg) iken en yüksek Nisanda (31.5 kg) bulunmuştur. SNİ 2679 arasında değişirken, süt verimini olumsuz etkilemeye başlayan SNİ değeri 65, süt verimini geri dönülemeyecek şekilde etkileyen SNİ eşik değeri 70’tir. SNİ 70 ve üzerini, 3 yılda mayıs-eylül arasında toplam 268 gün aşmıştır. SNİ ve günlük süt verimi arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı -0.771 hesaplanmıştır. Ahır içinde sıcaklık ve nemin sürekli kaydedilmesi ve ahırlarda serinletme sisteminin SNİ’ne göre çalıştırılması ısı stresine karşı daha etkili olabilir
Keywords
References
- Bakır G, Kaygısız A (2013): Milk yield characteristics of Holstein cows and the effect of calving month on milk yield. KSU J Nat Sci, 16, 1-7.
- Barash H, Silanikove N, Shamay A, et al. (2001): Interrelationships among ambient temperature, day length, and milk yield in dairy cows under a Mediterranean climate. J Dairy Sci, 84, 2314-2320.
- Benezra, MV (1954): A new index measuring the adaptability of cattle to tropical conditions. J Anim Sci, 13, 1015.
- Berman A (2005): Estimates of heat stress relief needs for Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Sci, 83, 1377-1384.
- Bernabucci U, Biffani S, Buggiotti L, et al. (2014): The effects of heat stress in Italian Holstein dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 97, 471-486.
- Bohmanova J, Misztal I, Cole JB (2007): Temperature- Humidity Indices as indicators of milk production losses due to heat stress. J Dairy Sci, 90, 1947-1956.
- Bouraouia R, Lahmar M, Majdoubc A, et al. (2002): The relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production of dairy cows in a Mediterranean climate. Anim Res, 51, 479-491.
- Brouček, J, Ryba S, Mihina S, et al. (2007): Impact of thermal-humidity index on milk yield under conditions of different dairy management. J Anim Feed Sci, 16, 329-344.
- Brügemann K, Gernand E, von Borstel UK, et al. (2012): Defining and evaluating heat stress thresholds in different dairy cow production systems. Arch Tierzucht, 55, 13-24.
- Collier RJ, Zimbelman RB, Rhoads RPP, et al. (2011): A Re-evaluation of the impact of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) on milk production in high producing dairy cows. In: Western Dairy Management Conference. 113-126, Reno, NV.
- Dikmen S, Cole JB, Null DJ, et al. (2012): Heritability of rectal temperature and genetic correlations with production and reproduction traits in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 95, 3401-3405.
- Dikmen S, Hansen PJ (2009): Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress in lactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment? J Dairy Sci, 92, 109-116.
- Hansen J V, Friggens NC, Hİjsgaard S (2006): The influence of breed and parity on milk yield, and milk yield acceleration curves. Livest Sci, 104, 53-62.
- Joksimović-Todorović M, Davidović V, Hristov S, et al. (2011): Effect of heat stress on milk production in dairy cows. Biotechnol Anim Husb, 27, 1017-1023.
- Kadzere CT, Murphy MR, Silanikove N, et al. (2002): Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: A review. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 59-91.
- Kunaka K, Makuza SM (2005): Environmental factors affecting milk production in Holstein-Friesian population of Zimbabwe. Pakistan J Biol Sci, 8, 989-994.
- Linvill DE, Pardue FE (1992): Heat stress and milk production in the South Carolina coastal plains. J Dairy Sci, 75, 2598-2604.
- Mader TL, Davis MS, Brown-Brandl T (2006): Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci, 84, 712-719.
- Mader TL, Johnson LJ, Gaughan JB (2010): A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals. J Anim Sci, 88, 2153-2165.
- Minitab Inc. Minitab, (2010): Minitab Assist White Pap. 25, 2010.
- Naceur M, Bouallegue M, Frouja S, et al. (2012): Effects of environmental factors on milk yield, lactation length and dry period in Tunisian Holstein cows. In: Milk Production an Up to Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health. InTech; 153-164.
- Nielsen HM, Friggens NC, Lİvendahl P, et al. (2003): Influence of breed, parity, and stage of lactation on lactational performance and relationship between body fatness and live weight. Livest Prod Sci, 79, 119-133.
- Ravagnolo O, Misztal I, Hoogenboom G (2000): Genetic component of heat stress in dairy cattle, development of heat index function. J Dairy Sci, 83, 2120-2125.
- Rekik B, Ben Gara A, Ben Hamouda M, et al. (2003): Fitting lactation curves of dairy cattle in different types of herds in tunisia. Livest Prod Sci, 83, 309-315.
- Schutz MM, Hansen LB, Steuernagel GR, et al. (1990): Variation of milk, fat, protein, and somatic cells for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 73, 484-493.
- Silvestre AM, Martins AM, Santos VA, et al. (2009): Lactation curves for milk, fat and protein in dairy cows: A full approach. Livest Sci, 122, 308-313.
- Tekerli M, Akıncı Z, Doğan İ, et al. (2000): Factors affecting the shape of lactation curves of Holstein cows from the Balıkesir province of Turkey. J Dairy Sci, 83, 1381
- West JW (2003): Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 86, 2131-2144.
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA56RE84NH |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Volume: 65 Issue: 2 |