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Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 65 Issue: 2, 199 - 204, 01.06.2018

Ebru Yılıdırım Hasan Ceyhun Macun İlkay Yalçınkaya Fatma Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı Hüsamettin Ekici

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847
Cited By: 4

Abstract

In this study total aflatoxin (AF) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM) contamination in feed and milk samples obtained from the dairy cow farms in Kırıkkale region were studied. A total of 154 dairy cow feed and 154 raw milk samples were obtained from the villages (Delice, Keskin, Sulakyurt, Bahşılı, Yahşihan, Çelebi, Karakeçili, Balışeyh) and central of Kırıkkale province, Turkey, between the years June 2012- August 2013. The quantitative analysis of total AF and AFM1 in the collected samples were carried out using an enzyme-linked-immunoassay (ELISA) with commercial kits (HELICA biosystems inc.). Total AF was detected in all feed samples and also AFM1 contamination was found in all of the milk samples. In 5 of 154 feed samples the total AF’s were above 20 µg/kg. In none of the milk samples AF was above the legal limit. The mean AF residue level for concentrated feed was 6.43±7.01 µg/kg, and ranged from 0.20 µg/kg to 28.80 µg/kg. The mean AFM1 residue for milk samples was 1.73±2.20 ng/L, and ranged from 0.08 ng/L to 10.11 ng/L. In conclusion although all of the milk samples were contaminated with AFM1, the amounts were within the legal limits that are allowed in milk. On the other hand in 3.25% of the feed samples, total AF was above 20 µg/kg. The occurrence of AFM1 may not be considered as a possible risk for public health. Strategies and monitoring programs to prevent aflatoxin contamination is recommended

Keywords

AFM1 dairy cattle feed ELISA raw milk total aflatoxin

References

  • Akdemir C, Altıntaş A (2004): Ankara’da işlenen sütlerde aflatoksin-M1 varlığının ve düzeylerinin HPLC ile araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 175-179.
  • Arslan C, Eşsiz D (2009): Establishing the optimum cutting date and additives for pasture grass silage and its mycotoxin levels. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15, 521-538.
  • Bakırcı I (2001): A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Control, 12, 47-51.
  • Buldu HM, Koç AN, Uraz G (2011): Aflatoxin M1 contamination in cow’s milk in Kayseri (central Turkey). Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 35, 87-91.
  • Ceylan S (2003): Toksikoloji, Uludağ Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları, Bursa.
  • Chase LE (1995): Dairy cattle. 403-415. In: WG Pond, DC Church, KR Pond, (Eds) Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Çankırı B, Uyarlar C (2013): Mikotoksinlerin süt sığırlarının beslenmesindeki yeri ve önemi. Kocatepe Vet J, 6, 57-69.
  • Çelik TH, Sarımehmetoğlu B, Küplülü O (2005): Aflatoxin Veterinarski Arhiv, 75, 57-65. in pasteurised milk.
  • Diaz GJ, Espitia E (2006): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in retail milk samples from Bogoto, Colombia. Food Addit Contam, 23, 811-815.
  • Doğan A, Beyazıt M (1999): Kars Yöresinde yemlerde aflatoksin B1 düzeylerinin ELISA yöntemi ile araştırılması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 5, 63-70.
  • Ekici H, Yıldırım E, Yarsan E (2016): The effect of seasonal variations on the occurrence of certain mycotoxins in concentrate feeds for cattle collected from some provinces in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 40, 298-303.
  • El-Tras WF, El-Kady NN, Tayel AA (2011): Infants exposure to aflatoxin M1 as a novel foodborne zoonosis. Food Chem Toxicol, 49, 2816-2819.
  • Filazi A, İnce S, Temamoğulları F (2010): Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses produced by dairy ewe’s milk in Urfa city, Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 57, 197-199.
  • Girgin G, Başaran N, Şahin G (2001): Dünyada ve Türkiye’de insan sağlığını tehdit eden mikotoksinler. Türk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 58, 97-118.
  • Gutrie LD (1979): Effects of aflatoxins in corn on production and reproduction in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 62, 134-142.
  • Helferich WG, Baldwin RL, Hsieh DPH (1986): [14C]- aflatoxinB1 metabolism in lactating goats and rats. J Anim Sci, 62, 697-705.
  • Jackson PE, Groopman JD (1999): Aflatoxin and liver cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 13, 545-553.
  • Jouany JP, Diaz DE (2005): Effects of Mycotoxins in ruminants. 295-321. In: Diaz D E (Ed), The Mycotoxin Blue Book, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.
  • Kamkar A (2008): Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk samples by ELISA. J Vet Res, 63, 7-12.
  • Kamkar A, Jahed Khaniki GR, Alavi SA (2011): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk produced in Ardebil of Iran. IJEHSE, 8, 123-128.
  • Kaya S (2002): Mikotoksinler. 537-574. In: Kaya S, Pirinçci İ, Bilgili A (Eds), Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Kaya S, Şanlı Y, Yarsan E, et al. (1996): Çok yönlü hayvan hammaddelerinden kaynaklanan olumsuzluk faktörlerinin araştırılması. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 8, 59-80.
  • Kireçci E, Savaşcı M, Ayyıldız A (2007): Sarıkamış’ta tüketilen süt ve peynir ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 varlığının belirlenmesi. Infeksiyon Derg, 21, 93-96.
  • Mohammadian B, Khezri M, Ghasemipour N, et al. (2010): Aflatoxin M1 contamination of raw and pasteurized milk produced in Sanandaj, Iran. Arch Razi Inst, 65, 99- 104.
  • Official Gazzette (2014): Yemlerde İstenmeyen Maddeler Hakkında Tebliğ. 19.04.2014 dated and 28977 numbered. Tebliğ No: 2014/11.
  • Oğuz H, Nizamlıoğlu F, Dinç İ, et al. (2011): Karma yem, un ve bulgur örneklerinde aflatoksin kalıntılarının araştırılması. Eurasian Journal Veterinary Science, 27, 171-175.
  • Oruç HH (2003): Süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) ve Türkiyede’ki Durumu. Uludag Univ J Fac Vet Med, 22, 121-125.
  • Oruç HH, Sonal S (2001): Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. Vet Hum Toxicol, 43, 292-3.
  • Oruç HH, Sorucu A, Türkmen İİ et al (2012): Determination of various mycotoxin concenration in feedstuff and feed produced by a feed manufacturer in Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 633-638.
  • Oruç HH, Temelli S, Sorucu A (2011): Bursa’ da çiğ süt ve UHT sütlerde aflatoksin M1 düzeyleri. Uludag Univ J Fac Vet Med, 30, 1-4.
  • Pirestani A, Tabatabaei SN, Fazeli MH, et al. (2011): Comparison of HPLC and ELISA for determination of aflatoxin concentration in the milk and feeds of dairy cattle. J Res Agric Sci, 7, 71-78.
  • Rokhi ML (2013): Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk samples in Gilan, Iran. Adv Stud Biol, 5, 151-156.
  • Roussi V, Govaris A, Varagouli A, et al. (2014): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and market milk commercialized in Greece. Food Addit Contam, 19, 863- 868.
  • Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı F, Mor F, Oğuz MN, et al. (2013): Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed samples in Burdur province, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 185, 4943-4949.
  • Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı F, Taşcı F, Mor F (2012): Survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Burdur, Turkey. Int J Dairy Technol, 65, 365-371.
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği (2011): Gıdalardaki bulaşanların maksimum limitleri, 29.12.2011 dated 28157 numbered in Official Gazzette.
  • Ünüsan N (2006): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol, 44, 1897-1900.
  • Von Egmond HD (1989): Introduction. 1-10. In: Von Egmond H D (Ed), Mycotoxins in dairy products. Elsevier Applied Science, New York.
  • Williams JH, Phillips TD, Jolly PE, et al (2004): Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 1106 –22.
  • Yiannikouris A,Jouany JP (2002): Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. Anim Res, 51, 81-89

Kırıkkale ilinde süt ve yem örneklerinde aflatoksin kalıntısı araştırılması

Year 2018, Volume: 65 Issue: 2, 199 - 204, 01.06.2018

Ebru Yılıdırım Hasan Ceyhun Macun İlkay Yalçınkaya Fatma Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı Hüsamettin Ekici

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Kırıkkale ilindeki sütçü inek işletmelerinden toplanan yem ve süt örneklerinde total aflatoksin (AF) ve aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) kontaminasyonuna bakıldı. Türkiye, Kırıkkale İlindeki ilçelerden (Delice, Keskin, Sulakyurt, Bahşılı, Yahşihan, Çelebi, Karakeçili, Balışeyh) ve merkezden Haziran 2012 - Ağustos 2013 tarihleri arasında 154 yem ve 154 süt örneği toplandı. Toplanan numunelerdeki total AF ve AFM1' in kantitatif analizi, ticari kitlerle (HELICA biosystems inc.) enzim bağlı immünoassay (ELISA) kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Tüm yem ve süt örneklerinde total AF ve AFMsaptanmıştır. 154 yem örneğinden 5’inde total AF miktarı 20 µg/kg’ın üstünde bulunmuştur. Süt örneklerinin hiçbiri yasal sınırı aşmamıştır. Süt yemlerinde toplam AF düzeyi minumum 0.20 µg/kg, maksimum 28.80 µg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir ve ortalaması 6.43±7.01 µg/kg’dir. Süt örneklerinde AFM1düzeyi minimum 0.08 ng/L, maksimum 10.11 ng/L tespit edilmiştir ve ortalaması 1.73 ±2.20 ng/L’dir. Sonuç olarak, tüm süt örneklerinde AFM1 kalıntısı bulunsa da bu yasal düzeyin üstünde değildir. Yem örneklerinin ise sadece %3.25 kadarı 20 µg/kg üzerinde total AF içermektedir. Halk sağlığı yönünden AFM1 bir risk oluşturmamaktadır. Aflatoksin bulaşmalarının önüne geçmek için stratejiler geliştirilmeli ve izleme programları oluşturulmalıdır

Keywords

AFM1 çiğ süt ELISA sütçü inek yemi total aflatoksin

References

  • Akdemir C, Altıntaş A (2004): Ankara’da işlenen sütlerde aflatoksin-M1 varlığının ve düzeylerinin HPLC ile araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 175-179.
  • Arslan C, Eşsiz D (2009): Establishing the optimum cutting date and additives for pasture grass silage and its mycotoxin levels. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15, 521-538.
  • Bakırcı I (2001): A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Control, 12, 47-51.
  • Buldu HM, Koç AN, Uraz G (2011): Aflatoxin M1 contamination in cow’s milk in Kayseri (central Turkey). Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 35, 87-91.
  • Ceylan S (2003): Toksikoloji, Uludağ Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları, Bursa.
  • Chase LE (1995): Dairy cattle. 403-415. In: WG Pond, DC Church, KR Pond, (Eds) Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Çankırı B, Uyarlar C (2013): Mikotoksinlerin süt sığırlarının beslenmesindeki yeri ve önemi. Kocatepe Vet J, 6, 57-69.
  • Çelik TH, Sarımehmetoğlu B, Küplülü O (2005): Aflatoxin Veterinarski Arhiv, 75, 57-65. in pasteurised milk.
  • Diaz GJ, Espitia E (2006): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in retail milk samples from Bogoto, Colombia. Food Addit Contam, 23, 811-815.
  • Doğan A, Beyazıt M (1999): Kars Yöresinde yemlerde aflatoksin B1 düzeylerinin ELISA yöntemi ile araştırılması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 5, 63-70.
  • Ekici H, Yıldırım E, Yarsan E (2016): The effect of seasonal variations on the occurrence of certain mycotoxins in concentrate feeds for cattle collected from some provinces in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 40, 298-303.
  • El-Tras WF, El-Kady NN, Tayel AA (2011): Infants exposure to aflatoxin M1 as a novel foodborne zoonosis. Food Chem Toxicol, 49, 2816-2819.
  • Filazi A, İnce S, Temamoğulları F (2010): Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses produced by dairy ewe’s milk in Urfa city, Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 57, 197-199.
  • Girgin G, Başaran N, Şahin G (2001): Dünyada ve Türkiye’de insan sağlığını tehdit eden mikotoksinler. Türk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 58, 97-118.
  • Gutrie LD (1979): Effects of aflatoxins in corn on production and reproduction in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 62, 134-142.
  • Helferich WG, Baldwin RL, Hsieh DPH (1986): [14C]- aflatoxinB1 metabolism in lactating goats and rats. J Anim Sci, 62, 697-705.
  • Jackson PE, Groopman JD (1999): Aflatoxin and liver cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 13, 545-553.
  • Jouany JP, Diaz DE (2005): Effects of Mycotoxins in ruminants. 295-321. In: Diaz D E (Ed), The Mycotoxin Blue Book, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.
  • Kamkar A (2008): Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk samples by ELISA. J Vet Res, 63, 7-12.
  • Kamkar A, Jahed Khaniki GR, Alavi SA (2011): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk produced in Ardebil of Iran. IJEHSE, 8, 123-128.
  • Kaya S (2002): Mikotoksinler. 537-574. In: Kaya S, Pirinçci İ, Bilgili A (Eds), Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Kaya S, Şanlı Y, Yarsan E, et al. (1996): Çok yönlü hayvan hammaddelerinden kaynaklanan olumsuzluk faktörlerinin araştırılması. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 8, 59-80.
  • Kireçci E, Savaşcı M, Ayyıldız A (2007): Sarıkamış’ta tüketilen süt ve peynir ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 varlığının belirlenmesi. Infeksiyon Derg, 21, 93-96.
  • Mohammadian B, Khezri M, Ghasemipour N, et al. (2010): Aflatoxin M1 contamination of raw and pasteurized milk produced in Sanandaj, Iran. Arch Razi Inst, 65, 99- 104.
  • Official Gazzette (2014): Yemlerde İstenmeyen Maddeler Hakkında Tebliğ. 19.04.2014 dated and 28977 numbered. Tebliğ No: 2014/11.
  • Oğuz H, Nizamlıoğlu F, Dinç İ, et al. (2011): Karma yem, un ve bulgur örneklerinde aflatoksin kalıntılarının araştırılması. Eurasian Journal Veterinary Science, 27, 171-175.
  • Oruç HH (2003): Süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) ve Türkiyede’ki Durumu. Uludag Univ J Fac Vet Med, 22, 121-125.
  • Oruç HH, Sonal S (2001): Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in cheese and milk consumed in Bursa, Turkey. Vet Hum Toxicol, 43, 292-3.
  • Oruç HH, Sorucu A, Türkmen İİ et al (2012): Determination of various mycotoxin concenration in feedstuff and feed produced by a feed manufacturer in Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 633-638.
  • Oruç HH, Temelli S, Sorucu A (2011): Bursa’ da çiğ süt ve UHT sütlerde aflatoksin M1 düzeyleri. Uludag Univ J Fac Vet Med, 30, 1-4.
  • Pirestani A, Tabatabaei SN, Fazeli MH, et al. (2011): Comparison of HPLC and ELISA for determination of aflatoxin concentration in the milk and feeds of dairy cattle. J Res Agric Sci, 7, 71-78.
  • Rokhi ML (2013): Determination of aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk samples in Gilan, Iran. Adv Stud Biol, 5, 151-156.
  • Roussi V, Govaris A, Varagouli A, et al. (2014): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw and market milk commercialized in Greece. Food Addit Contam, 19, 863- 868.
  • Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı F, Mor F, Oğuz MN, et al. (2013): Occurrence of mycotoxins in feed samples in Burdur province, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 185, 4943-4949.
  • Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı F, Taşcı F, Mor F (2012): Survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Burdur, Turkey. Int J Dairy Technol, 65, 365-371.
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği (2011): Gıdalardaki bulaşanların maksimum limitleri, 29.12.2011 dated 28157 numbered in Official Gazzette.
  • Ünüsan N (2006): Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol, 44, 1897-1900.
  • Von Egmond HD (1989): Introduction. 1-10. In: Von Egmond H D (Ed), Mycotoxins in dairy products. Elsevier Applied Science, New York.
  • Williams JH, Phillips TD, Jolly PE, et al (2004): Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 1106 –22.
  • Yiannikouris A,Jouany JP (2002): Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. Anim Res, 51, 81-89
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Other ID JA26HH99SA
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebru Yılıdırım

Hasan Ceyhun Macun

İlkay Yalçınkaya

Fatma Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı

Hüsamettin Ekici

Publication Date June 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 65 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılıdırım, E., Macun, H. C., Yalçınkaya, İ., Kocasarı, F. Ş., et al. (2018). Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(2), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847
AMA Yılıdırım E, Macun HC, Yalçınkaya İ, Kocasarı FŞ, Ekici H. Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. June 2018;65(2):199-204. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847
Chicago Yılıdırım, Ebru, Hasan Ceyhun Macun, İlkay Yalçınkaya, Fatma Şahindokuyucu Kocasarı, and Hüsamettin Ekici. “Survey of Aflatoxin Residue in Feed and Milk Samples in Kırıkkale Province, Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65, no. 2 (June 2018): 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847.
EndNote Yılıdırım E, Macun HC, Yalçınkaya İ, Kocasarı FŞ, Ekici H (June 1, 2018) Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65 2 199–204.
IEEE E. Yılıdırım, H. C. Macun, İ. Yalçınkaya, F. Ş. Kocasarı, and H. Ekici, “Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 199–204, 2018, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847.
ISNAD Yılıdırım, Ebru et al. “Survey of Aflatoxin Residue in Feed and Milk Samples in Kırıkkale Province, Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65/2 (June 2018), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847.
JAMA Yılıdırım E, Macun HC, Yalçınkaya İ, Kocasarı FŞ, Ekici H. Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018;65:199–204.
MLA Yılıdırım, Ebru et al. “Survey of Aflatoxin Residue in Feed and Milk Samples in Kırıkkale Province, Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 65, no. 2, 2018, pp. 199-04, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002847.
Vancouver Yılıdırım E, Macun HC, Yalçınkaya İ, Kocasarı FŞ, Ekici H. Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018;65(2):199-204.

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