Letter to Editor
Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate
Year 2017, Volume: 64 Issue: 3, 235 - 239, 01.09.2017Abstract
There is a strong case to be made to teach veterinary students without resorting to the use of animals in teaching in the first place, although some authorities may disagree. It is worth examining this issue in light of new developments and new knowledge in the field of cognitive animal ethology as well as a general increase in awareness and concern for animal welfare. The teaching of concepts related to bioethics and animal welfare is increasingly relevant to modern day veterinary medicine. Unfortunately, some veterinary faculties do not emphasize these topics in their curricula. The authors consider that it is possible to largely replace animals in teaching, with other modalities. Transition from the use of replacement modalities, such as the handling of synthetic tissues, to treating living animals should be gradual and be complemented by exposure to a clinical environment in which real animal patients will benefit from the practice. The initial basic courses and procedures should include the use of synthetic models and computer simulations, followed by the study of ethically sourced animal cadavers. Only after this stage should the student be exposed to real patients. This pedagogic approach will allow the student to obtain the necessary skills required for clinical medicine, in addition to fostering a respect for sentient beings. The combination of good clinical skills and a respect for life will contribute in a positive way to raising professional and ethical standards in the profession for the benefit of all concerned
Keywords
Animal use, education, non-animal methods, veterinary medicine
References
- Abood SK, Slegford JM (2012): Student perception of an animal-welfare and ethics course taught early in the veterinary curriculum. J Vet Med Educ, 39, 136-141.
- Anon (2010): Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union L276, 20.10.2010, 33-79.
- Baillie S, Mellor DJ, Brewster SA, et al. (2005): Integrating a bovine rectal palpation simulator into an undergraduate veterinary curriculum. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 85-91.
- Bekoff M (2000): The Smile of a Dolphin: Remarkable Accounts of Animal Emotions. Discovery Books, New York.
- Bekoff M (2005): Field Studies and Animal Models: Towards Non-invasive Approaches in Zoology Research and Teaching. In: 2nd InterNICHE Conference: Alternatives in the Mainstream: Innovations in life science education and training. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Capaldo T (2004): The psychological effects on students of using animals in ways that they see as ethically, morally or religiously wrong. Altern Lab Anim, 32 (Supplement 1), 525-531.
- Capaldo T (2005): The hidden curriculum in the harmful use of animals in science educations. In: 2nd InterNICHE Conference - Alternatives in the Mainstream: Innovations in life science education and training. International Network for Humane Education Leicester, UK.
- Cervinka RE, Cervinkova Z (2006): Alternatives to animal experimentation in undergraduate curricula at medical schools – analysis of current trends in the Czech Republic. ALTEX, 23, Spec. Issue, 46-50.
- de Bie MH, Lipman LJ (2012): The use of digital games and simulators in veterinary education: An overview with examples. J Vet Med Educ, 39, 13-20.
- de Boo J, Knight A (2005): Concepts in animal welfare: A syllabus in animal welfare science and ethics for veterinary schools. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 451-453.
- Dewhurst DG, Hemmi A (2011): A survey of animal use and alternatives in higher education in Europe. ALTEX, 28, 227.
- Dewhurst DG, Kojic ZZ (2011): Replacing animal use in physiology and pharmacology teaching in selected universities in Eastern Europe – charting a way forward. ATLA, 39, 15-22.
- Haluck RS, Marshall RL, Krummel TM, et al. (2001): Are surgery training programs ready for virtual reality? A survey of program directors in general surgery. J Am Coll Surg, 193, 660-665.
- International Network for (InterNICHE) (2012): New testimonies of student conscientious objection. http://www.interniche.org/en/news /new-testimonies-student-conscientious-objection-online.
- Jukes N, Chiuia M (2003): From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse: Alternative Methods for a Progressive, Humane Education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Knight A (2002): Learning without killing: A guide to conscientious objection. http://www.humanelearning.info/ resources.html#books.
- Knight A (2007): The effectiveness of humane teaching methods in veterinary education. ALTEX, 24, 91-109.
- Kumar AM (2003): Client donation program to meet the needs of veterinary medical education: Alternatives to healthy animal sacrifice. 107-116. In: Jukes N, Chiuia M (Eds), From guinea pig to computer mouse: alternative methods for a progressive, humane education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Lairmore MD, Ilkiw J (2015): Animals used in research and education, 1966-2016: Evolving attitudes, policies, and relationships. J Vet Med Educ, 42, 425-440.
- Levine ED, Mills DS, Houpt KA (2005): Attitudes of veterinary students at one US College toward factors relating to farm animal welfare. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 481-490.
- Main DC, Thornton P, Kerr K (2005): Teaching animal welfare science, ethics, and law to veterinary students in the United Kingdom. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 505-508.
- Martinsen S, Jukes N (2005): Towards a humane veterinary education. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 454-460.
- Martinsen S (2007): Training the animal doctor: Caring as a clinical skill. ALTEX, 14, 269-272.
- Millman ST, Adams CL, Turner PV (2005): Animal welfare training at the Ontario Veterinary College. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 447-450.
- Nolen RS (2006): When caring too much is an occupational hazard. J Am Vet Med Assoc News. https://www.avma.org/ News/JAVMANews/Pages/060601m.aspx.
- Papalois AE (2009): Medical education. Modern methods and alternative methods to animal procedures. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc, 60, 233-236.
- Pedersen H (2002): Humane education: Animals and alternatives in laboratory classes: aspects, attitudes and impact. 20-57. In: Pederesen H (Ed), Perspectives on human education and animal use: Educational and Pedagogical Aspects. Stiftelsen Forskning utan djurförsök, Stockholm.
- Pedersen H (2007): The school and the animal other – an ethnography of human-animal relations in education. PhD thesis. Department of Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Rasmussen LM (2003): A pedagogically sound, innovative, and humane plan for veterinary medical education. 125-133. In: Jukes N, Chiuia M. (Eds), From guinea pig to computer mouse: Alternative methods for a progressive, humane education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Russel WM, Burch RL (1992): The sources, incidence, and removal of in humanity. In: Russel WM, Burch RL (Eds), The principles of humane experimental technique. Universities Wheathampstead, UK http://altweb.jhsph.edu/pubs/books/ humane_exp/chap4d. for Animal Welfare, the
- Sachana M, Theodoridis A, Cortinovis C, et al. (2014): Student perspectives on the use of alternative methods for teaching in veterinary faculties. Altern Lab Anim, 42, 223-33.
- Scalese RJ, Issenberg SB (2005): Effective use of simulations for the teaching and acquisition of veterinary professional and clinical skills. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 461- 467.
- Schmidt A, Hohensee C, Teichgräber U, et al. (2011): SATIS ethics ranking of universities in Germany regarding animal use in education. ALTEX, 28, 243-244.
- Smeak DD (2003): Ethical surgery training for veterinary students. 117-124. In: Jukes N, Chiuia M (Eds), From guinea pig to computer mouse: Alternative methods for a progressive, humane education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Solot D, Arluke A (1997): Learning the scientist’s role: Animal dissection in the middle school. J Contemp Ethnogr, 26, 28-54.
- Sprecher DJ (2004): Insights into the future generation of veterinarians: Perspectives gained from the 13-and 14- years-olds who attended Michigan State University’s veterinary camp, and conclusions about our obligations. J Vet Med Educ, 31, 199-202.
- Valliyate M, Robinson NG, Goodman JR (2012): Current concepts in simulation and other alternatives for veterinary education: A review. Vet Med Chech, 57, 325-337.
- Zhang Q, Bhattacharya S, Andersen ME, et al. (2010): Computational systems biology and dose-response modeling in relation to new directions in toxicity testing. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 13, 253-276. Geliş tarihi: 19.04.2016 /Kabul tarihi: 01.11.2016 Address for correspondence: Dr. Yasemin Salgırlı Demirbaş Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Physiology, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. Tel.: +90 312 317 03 15/4427 e-mail: yaseminsalgirli@gmail.com
Veteriner hekimliği eğitiminde hayvan kullanımına alternatif yöntemler: Büyüyen bir tartışma
Year 2017, Volume: 64 Issue: 3, 235 - 239, 01.09.2017Abstract
Bazı otoriteler farklı düşünse de, veteriner hekimliği eğitiminde öğrencilerin öncelikli olarak hayvan kullanmadan öğrenim görebileceği tezi sağlam temellere dayandırılabilir. Bu konu bilişsel hayvan etolojisi alanında yeni bilgi ve gelişmeler ile hayvan refahı konusunda artan farkındalık ve endişelerin ışığında incelenmeye değerdir. Biyoetik ve hayvan refahına ilişkin kavramların öğretilmesi günümüz veteriner hekimliği ile gittikçe bağlantılı hale gelmiştir. Ancak bazı veteriner fakültelerinin eğitim programlarında bu konu üzerinde yeterince durulmamaktadır. Araştırmacılar, veteriner hekimliği eğitiminde hayvan kullanımına en iyi alternatifin bunların yerini alabilecek diğer metotların kullanılması olduğunu düşünmektedir. Sentetik dokular gibi alternatif yöntemlerden aşamalı olarak canlı hayvan tedavisi ve gerçek hastaların olduğu klinik ortama geçiş, pratik uygulamalar açısından oldukça faydalı olacaktır. Başlangıç dersleri ve prosedürlerin sentetik modeller ve bilgisayar simulasyonları ile yürütülmesi, sonrasında etik açıdan uygun şekilde elde edilmiş kadavralar üzerinde devam ettirilmesi gereklidir. Öğrencilerin gerçek hastalarla bu aşamadan sonra karşılaşmaları uygun olacaktır. Bu pedagojik yaklaşım, klinik hekimlik için öğrencinin gerekli becerileri kazanmasını sağlamasının ötesinde onlara “hisseden varlıklara” saygılı olmayı da öğretecektir. İyi klinik beceri ve yaşama saygı kombinasyonu profesyonelliğin ve etik standartların artması üzerine olumlu katkılar sağlayacaktır
References
- Abood SK, Slegford JM (2012): Student perception of an animal-welfare and ethics course taught early in the veterinary curriculum. J Vet Med Educ, 39, 136-141.
- Anon (2010): Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union L276, 20.10.2010, 33-79.
- Baillie S, Mellor DJ, Brewster SA, et al. (2005): Integrating a bovine rectal palpation simulator into an undergraduate veterinary curriculum. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 85-91.
- Bekoff M (2000): The Smile of a Dolphin: Remarkable Accounts of Animal Emotions. Discovery Books, New York.
- Bekoff M (2005): Field Studies and Animal Models: Towards Non-invasive Approaches in Zoology Research and Teaching. In: 2nd InterNICHE Conference: Alternatives in the Mainstream: Innovations in life science education and training. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Capaldo T (2004): The psychological effects on students of using animals in ways that they see as ethically, morally or religiously wrong. Altern Lab Anim, 32 (Supplement 1), 525-531.
- Capaldo T (2005): The hidden curriculum in the harmful use of animals in science educations. In: 2nd InterNICHE Conference - Alternatives in the Mainstream: Innovations in life science education and training. International Network for Humane Education Leicester, UK.
- Cervinka RE, Cervinkova Z (2006): Alternatives to animal experimentation in undergraduate curricula at medical schools – analysis of current trends in the Czech Republic. ALTEX, 23, Spec. Issue, 46-50.
- de Bie MH, Lipman LJ (2012): The use of digital games and simulators in veterinary education: An overview with examples. J Vet Med Educ, 39, 13-20.
- de Boo J, Knight A (2005): Concepts in animal welfare: A syllabus in animal welfare science and ethics for veterinary schools. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 451-453.
- Dewhurst DG, Hemmi A (2011): A survey of animal use and alternatives in higher education in Europe. ALTEX, 28, 227.
- Dewhurst DG, Kojic ZZ (2011): Replacing animal use in physiology and pharmacology teaching in selected universities in Eastern Europe – charting a way forward. ATLA, 39, 15-22.
- Haluck RS, Marshall RL, Krummel TM, et al. (2001): Are surgery training programs ready for virtual reality? A survey of program directors in general surgery. J Am Coll Surg, 193, 660-665.
- International Network for (InterNICHE) (2012): New testimonies of student conscientious objection. http://www.interniche.org/en/news /new-testimonies-student-conscientious-objection-online.
- Jukes N, Chiuia M (2003): From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse: Alternative Methods for a Progressive, Humane Education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Knight A (2002): Learning without killing: A guide to conscientious objection. http://www.humanelearning.info/ resources.html#books.
- Knight A (2007): The effectiveness of humane teaching methods in veterinary education. ALTEX, 24, 91-109.
- Kumar AM (2003): Client donation program to meet the needs of veterinary medical education: Alternatives to healthy animal sacrifice. 107-116. In: Jukes N, Chiuia M (Eds), From guinea pig to computer mouse: alternative methods for a progressive, humane education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Lairmore MD, Ilkiw J (2015): Animals used in research and education, 1966-2016: Evolving attitudes, policies, and relationships. J Vet Med Educ, 42, 425-440.
- Levine ED, Mills DS, Houpt KA (2005): Attitudes of veterinary students at one US College toward factors relating to farm animal welfare. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 481-490.
- Main DC, Thornton P, Kerr K (2005): Teaching animal welfare science, ethics, and law to veterinary students in the United Kingdom. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 505-508.
- Martinsen S, Jukes N (2005): Towards a humane veterinary education. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 454-460.
- Martinsen S (2007): Training the animal doctor: Caring as a clinical skill. ALTEX, 14, 269-272.
- Millman ST, Adams CL, Turner PV (2005): Animal welfare training at the Ontario Veterinary College. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 447-450.
- Nolen RS (2006): When caring too much is an occupational hazard. J Am Vet Med Assoc News. https://www.avma.org/ News/JAVMANews/Pages/060601m.aspx.
- Papalois AE (2009): Medical education. Modern methods and alternative methods to animal procedures. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc, 60, 233-236.
- Pedersen H (2002): Humane education: Animals and alternatives in laboratory classes: aspects, attitudes and impact. 20-57. In: Pederesen H (Ed), Perspectives on human education and animal use: Educational and Pedagogical Aspects. Stiftelsen Forskning utan djurförsök, Stockholm.
- Pedersen H (2007): The school and the animal other – an ethnography of human-animal relations in education. PhD thesis. Department of Education, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Rasmussen LM (2003): A pedagogically sound, innovative, and humane plan for veterinary medical education. 125-133. In: Jukes N, Chiuia M. (Eds), From guinea pig to computer mouse: Alternative methods for a progressive, humane education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Russel WM, Burch RL (1992): The sources, incidence, and removal of in humanity. In: Russel WM, Burch RL (Eds), The principles of humane experimental technique. Universities Wheathampstead, UK http://altweb.jhsph.edu/pubs/books/ humane_exp/chap4d. for Animal Welfare, the
- Sachana M, Theodoridis A, Cortinovis C, et al. (2014): Student perspectives on the use of alternative methods for teaching in veterinary faculties. Altern Lab Anim, 42, 223-33.
- Scalese RJ, Issenberg SB (2005): Effective use of simulations for the teaching and acquisition of veterinary professional and clinical skills. J Vet Med Educ, 32, 461- 467.
- Schmidt A, Hohensee C, Teichgräber U, et al. (2011): SATIS ethics ranking of universities in Germany regarding animal use in education. ALTEX, 28, 243-244.
- Smeak DD (2003): Ethical surgery training for veterinary students. 117-124. In: Jukes N, Chiuia M (Eds), From guinea pig to computer mouse: Alternative methods for a progressive, humane education. International Network for Humane Education, Leicester, UK.
- Solot D, Arluke A (1997): Learning the scientist’s role: Animal dissection in the middle school. J Contemp Ethnogr, 26, 28-54.
- Sprecher DJ (2004): Insights into the future generation of veterinarians: Perspectives gained from the 13-and 14- years-olds who attended Michigan State University’s veterinary camp, and conclusions about our obligations. J Vet Med Educ, 31, 199-202.
- Valliyate M, Robinson NG, Goodman JR (2012): Current concepts in simulation and other alternatives for veterinary education: A review. Vet Med Chech, 57, 325-337.
- Zhang Q, Bhattacharya S, Andersen ME, et al. (2010): Computational systems biology and dose-response modeling in relation to new directions in toxicity testing. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 13, 253-276. Geliş tarihi: 19.04.2016 /Kabul tarihi: 01.11.2016 Address for correspondence: Dr. Yasemin Salgırlı Demirbaş Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Physiology, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. Tel.: +90 312 317 03 15/4427 e-mail: yaseminsalgirli@gmail.com
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA99EC32PM |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors |
|
| Publication Date | September 1, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017Volume: 64 Issue: 3 |
Cite
| Bibtex | @letter to editor { auvfd526082, journal = {Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi}, issn = {1300-0861}, eissn = {1308-2817}, address = {}, publisher = {Ankara University}, year = {2017}, volume = {64}, number = {3}, pages = {235 - 239}, doi = {10.1501/Vetfak\_0000002804}, title = {Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate}, key = {cite}, author = {Pereıra, Gonçalo Da Graça and Dıéguez, Fco. Javier and Demirbaş, Yasemin Salgırlı and Menache, Andre} } |
| APA | Pereıra, G. D. G. , Dıéguez, F. J. , Demirbaş, Y. S. & Menache, A. (2017). Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate . Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi , 64 (3) , 235-239 . DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 |
| MLA | Pereıra, G. D. G. , Dıéguez, F. J. , Demirbaş, Y. S. , Menache, A. "Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate" . Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 64 (2017 ): 235-239 <http://vetjournal.ankara.edu.tr/en/pub/issue/43287/526082> |
| Chicago | Pereıra, G. D. G. , Dıéguez, F. J. , Demirbaş, Y. S. , Menache, A. "Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate". Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 64 (2017 ): 235-239 |
| RIS | TY - JOUR T1 - Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate AU - Gonçalo Da GraçaPereıra, Fco. JavierDıéguez, Yasemin SalgırlıDemirbaş, AndreMenache Y1 - 2017 PY - 2017 N1 - doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 DO - 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 T2 - Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 235 EP - 239 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 1300-0861-1308-2817 M3 - doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 UR - https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 Y2 - 2023 ER - |
| EndNote | %0 Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate %A Gonçalo Da Graça Pereıra , Fco. Javier Dıéguez , Yasemin Salgırlı Demirbaş , Andre Menache %T Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate %D 2017 %J Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi %P 1300-0861-1308-2817 %V 64 %N 3 %R doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 %U 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 |
| ISNAD | Pereıra, Gonçalo Da Graça , Dıéguez, Fco. Javier , Demirbaş, Yasemin Salgırlı , Menache, Andre . "Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate". Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 64 / 3 (September 2017): 235-239 . https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 |
| AMA | Pereıra G. D. G. , Dıéguez F. J. , Demirbaş Y. S. , Menache A. Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2017; 64(3): 235-239. |
| Vancouver | Pereıra G. D. G. , Dıéguez F. J. , Demirbaş Y. S. , Menache A. Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017; 64(3): 235-239. |
| IEEE | G. D. G. Pereıra , F. J. Dıéguez , Y. S. Demirbaş and A. Menache , "Alternatives to animal use in veterinary education: A growing debate", Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 235-239, Sep. 2017, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002804 |