Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen which causes hospital infections and different systemic infections. MRSA is clarified by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is located on the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MecC gene, is a mecA gene homologue showing ~ 69 DNA similarities to the mecA gene. mecC gene positive S. aureus was firstly detected in livestock. Because of that, livestock constitute a reservoir of S. aureus harboring mecC gene in terms of spread to human. The aim of this study was to determine the mecC gene in 177 S. aureus isolates collected from two distinct veterinary laboratories (Burdur and Aydin) between 2011 and 2013. Microorganisms were firstly defined by colony morphology, Gram stain, catalase test, mannitol fermentation and coagulase tests. After that, further identification process was performed by MALDI‐TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, USA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with oxacillin (1 μg) and cefoxitin (30 μg) was performed according to the CLSI standards. Inhibition zone diameters for cefoxitin <19 mm and oxacillin <10 mm were considered as resistant to methicillin strains. The investigation of mecA and mecC genes were performed by conventional PCR method. Forty five (25.4%) S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin by disk diffusion method and also mecA genes were detected in all 45 MRSA isolates by conventional PCR method. MecC gene was not detected with conventional PCR in any of the 177 S. aureus isolates. Although a mecC gene positive S. aureus isolate has not been detected in our study, it is important to continue the surveillance studies to follow the changes of mecC gene in livestock over time
References
- Basset P, Prod'hom G, Senn L, et al. (2013): Very low prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene in western Switzerland. J Hosp Infect, 83, 257-259.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012): Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 22nd informational supplement. CLSI M100-S22. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
- Figueiredo AM, Ferreira FA (2014): The multifaceted resources and microevolution of the successful human and animal pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 109, 265-278.
- García-Álvarez L, Holden MT, Lindsay H, et al. (2011): Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a novel mecA homologue in human and bovine populations in the UK and Denmark: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis, 11, 595-603.
- Paterson GK, Harrison EM, Holmes MA (2014): The emergence of mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol, 22, 42-47.
- Paterson GK, Morgan FJ, Harrison EM, et al. (2014): Prevalence and characterization of human mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in England. J Antimicrob Chemother, 69, 907-910.
- Petersen A, Stegger M, Heltberg O, et al. (2013): Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the novel mecC gene in Denmark corroborates a zoonotic reservoir with transmission to humans. Clin Microbiol Infect, 19, 16-22.
- Porrero MC, Valverde A, Fernández-Llario P, et al. (2014): Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecC gene in animals and urban wastewater. Spain. Emerg Infect Dis, 20, 899-901.
- Schaumburg F, Köck R, Mellmann A, et al. (2012): Population Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Germany during a 6- year period. J Clin Microbiol, 50, 3186-3192.
- Stegger M, Andersen PS, Kearns A, et al. (2012): Rapid detection, differentiation and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harbouring either mecA or the new mecA homologue mecALGA251. Clin Microbiol Infect, 18, 395-400.
Abstract
Metisilin-dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hastane enfeksiyonları ve farklı sistemik enfeksiyonlara yol açan önemli bir patojendir. MRSA oluşumu stafilokok kaset kromozom mec (SCCmec) üzerinde yer alan mecA geni edinimi ile oluşur. MecC geni, mecA genine ~69 DNA benzerlik gösteren bir mecA geni homoloğudur. MecC geni pozitif S. aureus ilk olarak çiftlik hayvanlarında tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle çiftlik hayvanları mecC geni barındıran S. aureus’un insanlara yayılması açısından rezervuar konumunda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2011 ve 2013 yılları arasında iki ayrı veteriner laboratuvarından (Burdur ve Aydın) toplanmış olan 177 S. aureus izolatında mecC geni varlığını saptamaktır. Mikroorganizmalar öncelikle koloni morfolojisi, Gram boyama, katalaz testi, mannitol fermantasyonu ve koagülaz testleri ile tanımlandı. Daha sonra ileri tanımlama işlemi MALDI‐TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, ABD) ile yapıldı. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testi oksasilin (1 μg) ve sefoksitin (30 μg) için Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile CLSI standartlarına göre yapıldı. İnhibisyon zon çapı sefoksitin için <19 mm ve oksasilin için <10 mm olan suşlar metisiline dirençli olarak değerlendirildi. MecA ve mecC geni araştırması konvansiyonel PCR yöntemi ile yapıldı. Kırk beş (%25.4) S. aureus izolatı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile oksasilin ve sefoksitine dirençli idi ve mecA geni 45 MRSA izolatının hepsinde konvansiyonel PCR yöntemiyle tespit edildi. Konvansiyonel PCR ile 177 S. aureus izolatının hiçbirinde mecC geni tespit edilmedi. Çalışmamızda mecC geni pozitif S. aureus izolatı tespit edilmemiş olmasına rağmen çitlik hayvanlarında zamanla oluşabilecek mecC geni değişikliklerini takip ederek sürveyans çalışmalarına devam etmek önemlidir
References
- Basset P, Prod'hom G, Senn L, et al. (2013): Very low prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene in western Switzerland. J Hosp Infect, 83, 257-259.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012): Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 22nd informational supplement. CLSI M100-S22. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
- Figueiredo AM, Ferreira FA (2014): The multifaceted resources and microevolution of the successful human and animal pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 109, 265-278.
- García-Álvarez L, Holden MT, Lindsay H, et al. (2011): Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a novel mecA homologue in human and bovine populations in the UK and Denmark: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis, 11, 595-603.
- Paterson GK, Harrison EM, Holmes MA (2014): The emergence of mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Trends Microbiol, 22, 42-47.
- Paterson GK, Morgan FJ, Harrison EM, et al. (2014): Prevalence and characterization of human mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in England. J Antimicrob Chemother, 69, 907-910.
- Petersen A, Stegger M, Heltberg O, et al. (2013): Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the novel mecC gene in Denmark corroborates a zoonotic reservoir with transmission to humans. Clin Microbiol Infect, 19, 16-22.
- Porrero MC, Valverde A, Fernández-Llario P, et al. (2014): Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecC gene in animals and urban wastewater. Spain. Emerg Infect Dis, 20, 899-901.
- Schaumburg F, Köck R, Mellmann A, et al. (2012): Population Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Germany during a 6- year period. J Clin Microbiol, 50, 3186-3192.
- Stegger M, Andersen PS, Kearns A, et al. (2012): Rapid detection, differentiation and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harbouring either mecA or the new mecA homologue mecALGA251. Clin Microbiol Infect, 18, 395-400.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA97YG69BH |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016Volume: 63 Issue: 4 |