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Kangal yavrularının davranış gelişimlerinin açık alan ve bariyer testleri kullanılarak incelenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 63 Issue: 3, 215 - 222, 01.09.2016

Yasemin Demirbaş Salgırlı Bahri Emre

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Kangal yavrularının davranış gelişimleri ve ırka özgü kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Mevcut çalışmada, Kangal yavrularına (23 erkek, 17 dişi), 3-8 haftalık dönemde haftalık olarak tekrarlı açık alan ve bariyer testleri uygulandı. Üç haftalık Kangal yavrularının keşif davranışlarını sergileme yetisine sahip oldukları tespit edildi. Gerçek tigmotaktik davranışlar ve sallantılı yürüme sadece yavrular 3 haftalıkken gözlemlendi. Kangal yavruları 4 haftalıkken, ayakta durma ve yürüme için harcanan süre arttı (p˂0,05) ve koşma davranışı ilk kez sergilendi. Beş haftalık yavrularda pasif davranışlar için harcanan süre testin genelinde arttı (p˂0.05) ve kaçma davranışları için harcanan süre OFT’nin 2. bölümünde azaldı (p˂0.05). Ayrıca 5 haftalık Kangal yavruları, bariyer testinde başarı göstermeye başladı. Test haftaları boyunca yavruların genel olarak sergiledikleri vücut dili, kendine güvenli ve dikkatli olarak kaydedildi. Bu bulgular, Kangal yavrularının dört haftalık yaşta sallantısız yürüme ve koşma gibi ince motor becerilerini kazandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca 5 haftalık yaşın Kangal yavrularında duygusal hafıza, alışma ve problem çözme açısından önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Tekrarlı OFT uygulamalarında yavruların aktivite seviyeleri ve vücut dilleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Kangal yavruları “Utangaçlık-cesaret” eksenine göre cesur yavrular olarak sınıflandırılabilmektedir

Keywords

Açık alan testi bariyer testi davranış gelişimi Kangal köpeği

References

  • Altmann J (1974): Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour. 49, 227-267.
  • Blanton RE, Levitt JG, Peterson JR, et al. (2004): Gender differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus in normal children. Neuroimage, 22, 626-636.
  • Cahill L (2005): His brain, her brain. Sci. Am. 295, 40- 47.
  • Campbella T, Lina S, DeVriesb C, et al. (2003): Coping strategies in male and female rats exposed to multiple stressors. Physiol Behav 78, 495-504.
  • Caviness VS, Kennedy DN, Richelme C, et al. (1996): The human brain age 7-11 years: a volumetric analysis based on magnetic resonance images. Cereb. Cortex. 6,726-736.
  • Clément Y, Chapouthier G (1998): Biological bases of anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 22, 623-633.
  • Dantzer R, Mormede P (1985): Stress in domestic animals: A psychoendocrine approach. In: Moberg, G. P. (Ed), Animal Stress, American Physiological Society, Maryland.
  • Dehasse J (1994): Sensory, emotional and social development of the young dog. Bulletin for Veterinary Clinical Ethology, 2, 6-29.
  • Devan BD, Goad EH, Petri HL (1996): Dissociation of hippocampal and striatal contributions to spatial navigation in the water maze. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 66, 305-323.
  • Forster G, Novick A, Scholl J, et al. (2012): The Role of the Amygdala in Anxiety Disorders. In: Ferry, B (Ed), The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager.
  • Fox MW (1971): Integrative development of brain and behavior in the dog. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fox MW (1978): The Dog: Its Domestication and Behaviour. Garland, S & P.M. Press, New York.
  • Friend TH (1991): Symposium: Response of animal to stress. J Dairy Sci, 74, 292-303.
  • Fredericson E (1952): Perceptual homeostasis and distress vocalizations in puppies. J Pers 20, 472-477.
  • Frederickson CJ, Frederickson MH (1979): Developmental changes in open field behavior in the kitten. Dev. Psychobiol. 12, 623-628
  • Grandin T, Deesing MJ (1998): Genetics and animal welfare. In: Grandin T (ed) Genetics and the behavior of domestic animals. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 319-346.
  • Houpt KA (2005): Domestic animal behavior. Blackwell publishing limited.
  • Koolhaas JM, De Boer SF, Coppens CM, et al. (2010): Neuroendocrinology understanding the biology of individual variation. Front. Neuroendocrin, 31, 307-321. coping styles: Towards
  • Lindsay SR (2000): Handbook of applied dog behavior and training: Volume one. Adaptation and Learning. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
  • Lipkind D, Sakov A, Kafkafi N, et al. (2004): New replicable anxiety-related measures of wall vs. center behavior of mice in the open field. J Appl Physiol, 97, 347- 359.
  • Manteca X, Deag JM (1993): Individual differences in temperament of domestic animals: a review of methodology. Anim Welf, 1, 247-68.
  • Marchei P. Diverio S, Falocci N, et al. (2009): Breed differences in behavioural development in kittens. Physiol Behav, 96, 522-531.
  • Mayes A, Montaldi D, Migo E (2007): Associative memory and the medial temporal lobes. Trends Cogn Sci, 11, 126-135.
  • Overall K (2013): Clinical behavioral medicine for small animals. Mosby, St. Louis.
  • Pfaffenberger C (1963): The new knowledge of dog behavior. New York, Howel Book House pp.159.
  • Reenen CG van, Engel B, Heutinck LFM, et al. (2004): Behavioural reactivity of heifer calves in potentially alarming test situations: a multivariate and correlational analysis. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 85, 11-30.
  • Schmithorst VJ, Holland SK, Dardzinski BJ (2008): Developmental differences in white matter architecture between boys and girls. Hum Brai Mapp, 29, 696-710.
  • Schoon A, Berntsen T.G (2011): Evaluating the effect of early neurological stimulation on the development and training of mine detection dogs. J Vet Behav, 6, 150-157.
  • Scott JP, Fuller JL (1965): Dog Behavior: The Genetic Basics. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
  • Stark CEL, Squire LR (2003): Hippocampal damage equally impairs memory for single items and memory for conjunctions. Hippocampus, 13, 281-292.
  • Svartberg K, Forkman B (2002): Personality traits in domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Appl Anim Behav Sci, 79, 133-155.
  • Vargas JP, Lopez JC, Portavella M (2012): Amygdala and emotional learning in vertebrates- A comparative perspective. In: Ferry, B. (Ed), The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager.
  • Walsh RN, Cummins RA (1976): The open field test: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 482-504.
  • Wilsson E, Sundgren PE (1998): Behaviour test for eight- week old puppies-heritabilities of tested behaviour traits and its correspondence to later behaviour. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 58, 151-162. Geliş tarihi: 12.06.2015 / Kabul tarihi: 12.10.2015 Address for correspondence: Dr. Yasemin Salgırlı Demirbaş Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı, 06110 Dışkapı Ankara e-posta: salgirli@veterinary.ankara.edu.tr

Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests

Year 2016, Volume: 63 Issue: 3, 215 - 222, 01.09.2016

Yasemin Demirbaş Salgırlı Bahri Emre

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate behavioral developments and breed specific characteristics of Kangal puppies. To this aim, Kangal puppies (23 male, 17 female) were weekly exposed to the repeated open field test (OFT) and barrier test between 3 to 8 weeks after birth. It was detected that 3 weeks old Kangal puppies were able to display explorative behaviors. True thigmotactic behaviors and unsteady walking were only observed when the puppies were 3-weeks-old. When the puppies were 4 weeks old, time spent for standing and walking increased (p˂0.05) and running behavior was first displayed. Sum of durations of passive behaviors increased in general (p˂0.05) and durations of escape behaviors decreased in the 2nd part of the OFT (p˂0.05) in 5-weeks-old puppies. Five weeks old Kangal puppies also started to show success in the barrier test. Common body postures of the puppies were recorded as self confident and attendant along test weeks. These findings suggest that Kangal puppies achieved fine motor abilities such as steady walking and running at 4 weeks of age. Five weeks of age, on the other hand, seemed to be important for development of emotional memory, habituation and problem solving in Kangal puppies. Considering activity levels and body postures of the puppies in repeated OFT exposures, Kangal puppies might be classified as bold puppies according to “Shyness-Boldness” axis

Keywords

Barrier test behavioral development Kangal Dog open field test

References

  • Altmann J (1974): Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour. 49, 227-267.
  • Blanton RE, Levitt JG, Peterson JR, et al. (2004): Gender differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus in normal children. Neuroimage, 22, 626-636.
  • Cahill L (2005): His brain, her brain. Sci. Am. 295, 40- 47.
  • Campbella T, Lina S, DeVriesb C, et al. (2003): Coping strategies in male and female rats exposed to multiple stressors. Physiol Behav 78, 495-504.
  • Caviness VS, Kennedy DN, Richelme C, et al. (1996): The human brain age 7-11 years: a volumetric analysis based on magnetic resonance images. Cereb. Cortex. 6,726-736.
  • Clément Y, Chapouthier G (1998): Biological bases of anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 22, 623-633.
  • Dantzer R, Mormede P (1985): Stress in domestic animals: A psychoendocrine approach. In: Moberg, G. P. (Ed), Animal Stress, American Physiological Society, Maryland.
  • Dehasse J (1994): Sensory, emotional and social development of the young dog. Bulletin for Veterinary Clinical Ethology, 2, 6-29.
  • Devan BD, Goad EH, Petri HL (1996): Dissociation of hippocampal and striatal contributions to spatial navigation in the water maze. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 66, 305-323.
  • Forster G, Novick A, Scholl J, et al. (2012): The Role of the Amygdala in Anxiety Disorders. In: Ferry, B (Ed), The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager.
  • Fox MW (1971): Integrative development of brain and behavior in the dog. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Fox MW (1978): The Dog: Its Domestication and Behaviour. Garland, S & P.M. Press, New York.
  • Friend TH (1991): Symposium: Response of animal to stress. J Dairy Sci, 74, 292-303.
  • Fredericson E (1952): Perceptual homeostasis and distress vocalizations in puppies. J Pers 20, 472-477.
  • Frederickson CJ, Frederickson MH (1979): Developmental changes in open field behavior in the kitten. Dev. Psychobiol. 12, 623-628
  • Grandin T, Deesing MJ (1998): Genetics and animal welfare. In: Grandin T (ed) Genetics and the behavior of domestic animals. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 319-346.
  • Houpt KA (2005): Domestic animal behavior. Blackwell publishing limited.
  • Koolhaas JM, De Boer SF, Coppens CM, et al. (2010): Neuroendocrinology understanding the biology of individual variation. Front. Neuroendocrin, 31, 307-321. coping styles: Towards
  • Lindsay SR (2000): Handbook of applied dog behavior and training: Volume one. Adaptation and Learning. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
  • Lipkind D, Sakov A, Kafkafi N, et al. (2004): New replicable anxiety-related measures of wall vs. center behavior of mice in the open field. J Appl Physiol, 97, 347- 359.
  • Manteca X, Deag JM (1993): Individual differences in temperament of domestic animals: a review of methodology. Anim Welf, 1, 247-68.
  • Marchei P. Diverio S, Falocci N, et al. (2009): Breed differences in behavioural development in kittens. Physiol Behav, 96, 522-531.
  • Mayes A, Montaldi D, Migo E (2007): Associative memory and the medial temporal lobes. Trends Cogn Sci, 11, 126-135.
  • Overall K (2013): Clinical behavioral medicine for small animals. Mosby, St. Louis.
  • Pfaffenberger C (1963): The new knowledge of dog behavior. New York, Howel Book House pp.159.
  • Reenen CG van, Engel B, Heutinck LFM, et al. (2004): Behavioural reactivity of heifer calves in potentially alarming test situations: a multivariate and correlational analysis. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 85, 11-30.
  • Schmithorst VJ, Holland SK, Dardzinski BJ (2008): Developmental differences in white matter architecture between boys and girls. Hum Brai Mapp, 29, 696-710.
  • Schoon A, Berntsen T.G (2011): Evaluating the effect of early neurological stimulation on the development and training of mine detection dogs. J Vet Behav, 6, 150-157.
  • Scott JP, Fuller JL (1965): Dog Behavior: The Genetic Basics. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
  • Stark CEL, Squire LR (2003): Hippocampal damage equally impairs memory for single items and memory for conjunctions. Hippocampus, 13, 281-292.
  • Svartberg K, Forkman B (2002): Personality traits in domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Appl Anim Behav Sci, 79, 133-155.
  • Vargas JP, Lopez JC, Portavella M (2012): Amygdala and emotional learning in vertebrates- A comparative perspective. In: Ferry, B. (Ed), The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager.
  • Walsh RN, Cummins RA (1976): The open field test: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 482-504.
  • Wilsson E, Sundgren PE (1998): Behaviour test for eight- week old puppies-heritabilities of tested behaviour traits and its correspondence to later behaviour. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 58, 151-162. Geliş tarihi: 12.06.2015 / Kabul tarihi: 12.10.2015 Address for correspondence: Dr. Yasemin Salgırlı Demirbaş Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı, 06110 Dışkapı Ankara e-posta: salgirli@veterinary.ankara.edu.tr
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA45GH46JD
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yasemin Demirbaş Salgırlı

Bahri Emre

Publication Date September 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016Volume: 63 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Salgırlı, Y. D., & Emre, B. (2016). Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(3), 215-222.
AMA Salgırlı YD, Emre B. Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. September 2016;63(3):215-222.
Chicago Salgırlı, Yasemin Demirbaş, and Bahri Emre. “Investigation of Behavioral Developments of Kangal Puppies Using Open Field and Barrier Tests”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 63, no. 3 (September 2016): 215-22.
EndNote Salgırlı YD, Emre B (September 1, 2016) Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 63 3 215–222.
IEEE Y. D. Salgırlı and B. Emre, “Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 215–222, 2016.
ISNAD Salgırlı, Yasemin Demirbaş - Emre, Bahri. “Investigation of Behavioral Developments of Kangal Puppies Using Open Field and Barrier Tests”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 63/3 (September 2016), 215-222.
JAMA Salgırlı YD, Emre B. Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2016;63:215–222.
MLA Salgırlı, Yasemin Demirbaş and Bahri Emre. “Investigation of Behavioral Developments of Kangal Puppies Using Open Field and Barrier Tests”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 63, no. 3, 2016, pp. 215-22.
Vancouver Salgırlı YD, Emre B. Investigation of behavioral developments of Kangal puppies using open field and barrier tests. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2016;63(3):215-22.