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Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water

Year 2015, Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 247 - 253, 01.12.2015

Volkan Güneş Öğünç Meral Ulvi Reha Fidancı Görkem Kısmalı Tevhide Sel

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to determine serum lipid and protein profile and level of creatinine and liver enzymes, LDH, AST and ALP activity in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water. Additionally, spring water nitrate levels were measured from Nevşehir province. Nitrate concentration in water was detected by chromatographic method with Bio LC. Akkaraman sheep’ serum AST, ALP and LDH enzyme activities and triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-C, total protein, albumin and creatinine levels were analyzed with autoanalyzer. VLDL-C, LDL-C, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio were obtained with calculation. The spring water samples collected from 34 different regions in Hacibektaş area. Over acceptable nitrate level have found in 74% of them also there were measured 12% over 100mg/L. In Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinkıng water serum LDH and ALP enzyme activities decreased compare to control group. LDH activity decrement was found statistically significant (p<0.001). Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were found significantly higher in control group (p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively). No significant difference was found in HDL level. Serum total protein, VLDL and LDL levels were determined in study group significantly lower than control animals (p<0.05, (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). Consequently, drinking water nitrate levels were detected higher than acceptable limits. Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinkıng water, blood sample analyses have shown health effects of high nitrate level in consuming water

Keywords

ALP AST LDH lipid profile nitrate serum proteins

References

  • Altıntaş A (1995): Buzağılarda bakarkörlük ve vitamin A yetersizliği. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 42: 479-485.
  • Anonim (1996): Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality. 6th Ed. Canada Communication Group-Puslishing. Ottawa, Canada.
  • Anonim (1997): Sular-İçme ve Kullanma Suları. TS 266, TSE, Ankara.
  • Anonim (2006): www.des.nh.gov, Nitrate and nitrite: health information summary: Environmental Fact Sheet. New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services.
  • Anonim (2013): www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v35je14.htm, 845 Nitrate (WHO Food Additives Series 35). Erişim Tari- hi: 25.12.2013
  • Azeez OH, Mahmood MB, Hassan JS (2011): Effect of nitrate poisoning on some biochemical parametrs in rats. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 25, 47-50.
  • Bruning-Fann CS, Kaeene JB (1993): The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on animal health: A rev Vet. Human. Toxicol, 35, 237-253.
  • Bruning-Fann CS, Kaeene JB (1993a): The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on human health: A review. Vet. Human. Toxicol, 35, 521-538.
  • Chow CK, Hong CB (2002): Dietary vitamin E and selenium and toxicity of nitrite and nitrate. Toxicology 180, 195-207.
  • Cockrum RR, Austin KJ, Ludden PA, Cammack KM (2010): Effect of subacute dietary nitrate on production traits and plasma analytes in Suffolk ewes. Animal, 4:5, 702-708.
  • Çakmak Ö (2007): Eskişehir ilinde yer altı ve yüzeysel sulardaki nitrat kirliliğinin kirletici kaynakları göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
  • Durmaz H, Ardıç M, Aygün O, Genli N (2007): Şanlıur- fa ve öresindeki kuyu sularında nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri: YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 18, 51-54.
  • El-Wakf AM, Hassan HA, El-Said FG, El-Said AE (2008): Hypothyroidism in male rats of different ages exposed to nitrate polluted drinking water. Mansoura J. Forencis Med. Clin. Toxicol Vol.XVI, No:2, 77-90.
  • Ertaş N, Gönülalan Z, Yıldırım Y, Al S, Karadal F (2013): Kayseri Bölgesi Kuyu Sularındaki Nitrat ve Nitrit Düzeyleri, Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Veteri- nary Medicine, 10, 15-19.
  • Estival JR, Haro MM, Hernando PM, Mateo R (2010): Sub-chronic effects of nitrate in drinking water on red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa): Oxidative stress and T-cell mediated immune function. Environmental Research 110, 469-475.
  • Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996): Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water an update on methemoglobinemia occurrence and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 23, 35-43.
  • Fidancı UR, Altıntaş A, Salmanoğlu B (1994): Niğde ili ve çevresinde rastlanan bakarkör buzağılarda serum transaminaz (GOT, GPT). Üre ve ürik asit düzeyleri. Türk. Vet. Hek. Derg., 6, 64-66.
  • Gadberry S, Jennings J (2013): Nitrate poisoning in cattle. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Agriculture and Natural Resources. FSA 3024.
  • Halwani J, Baroudi BO, Wartel M (1999): Nitrate contamination of theg roundwater of the Akkar Plain in northern Lebanon. Sante, 9, 219-23.
  • Helal E, Zahkok S, Soliman GZA, Al-Kassas M, Abdel Wahed H (2008): Biochemical studies of the effect of sodium nitrite and/or glutathione treatment on male rats. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 30, 25-38.
  • Hrubec TC, Robertson JL, Smith SA (1997): Effects of ammonia and nitrate concentration on hematologic and serum biochemical profiles of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysopsx Morone saxatilis). Am.J. Vet Res. 58, 131-135.
  • İssi M, Gül Y, İlhan S, Başbuğ O, Gül B (2009): Keçi- lerde akut nitrat zehirlenmesi: Kafkas Üniv, Vet. Fak. Derg 15, 807-810.
  • Karagül H, Altıntaş A, Fidancı UR, Sel T (2000): Klinik Biyokimya. 1. Baskı, Medisan yayın serisi, 45, 153-154. Ankara.
  • Kostogry RB, Pisulewski PM, Pecio A (2006): Nitrates affect thyroid status and serum triacylglycerols in wistar rats. Pol, J. Food. Nutr, Sci. 15/56, 71-76.
  • Manassaram DM, Backer LC, Moll DM (2007): A review of nitrates in drinking water: maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes. Ciencia and Saude Coletiva, 12, 153-163.
  • Nas B, Berktay A (2006): Groundwater contaminatin by nitrates in the city of Konya (Turkey): A GIS perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 79, 3-37.
  • Ogur R, Coşkun Ö, Korkmaz A, Oter Ş, Yaren H, Haste M (2005): High nitrate intake impairs liver functi- ons and morphology in rats; protective effect of alfa-tocopherol. Environmental Toxicology and Pharma- cology 20, 161-166.
  • Olhan E, Ataseven Y (2009): Türkiye’de içme suyu havza alanlarında tarımsal faaliyetlerden kaynaklanabilecek kir- liliği önleme ile ilgili yasal düzenlemeler. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 6, 161-169.
  • Oloyede O, Sunmonu TO (2008): Decrease in activities of selected rat liver enzymes following consumption of chemical effluent. J. Appl, Sci. Environ. Manage.12, 95- 100.
  • Oruç HH, Ceylan S (2001): Bursa yöresinde sığırların yemlerinde, içme sularında ve rumen içeriğinde nitrat, nit- rit ve kanda methemoglobin düzeylerinin araştırılması. Uludağ Üniv. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, 20, 25-32.
  • Özdemir M, Yavuz H, İnce S (2004): Afyon bölgesi kuyu sularında nitrat ve nitrit düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 25-28.
  • Sarhan MAA, Shati AA, Elsaid FG (2013): Biochemical and molecular studies on the possible influence of the brassica oleracea and beta vulgaris extracts to mitigate the effect of food preservatives and food chemical colorants on albino rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.11.004.
  • Sezer K, Albay MK, Özmen O, Haligür M, Şahinduran S, Mor F, Köker A(2011): Haematological, biochemical and thyroid gland investigations in pregnant cows and in calves chronically intoxicated with nitrate. Revue Med. Vet. 162, 5, 223-228.
  • Shour A, El-Aziz IA (1999): Effect of oral administration of nitrate on serum glucose, some lipid and non-protein nitrogen constituents. İslamic Univ. J. 7: 1-13.
  • Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V (2000): Biyoistatistik, Hatiboğlu yayınları No:53, 9. baskı, Ankara.
  • Sünal S, Erşahin S (2012): Türkiye’de tarımsal kaynaklı yeraltı suyu nitrat kirliliği. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Der- gisi. 5, 116-118.
  • Şanlı Y, İmren HY, Kaya S, Koç B, Kahraman M(1983): Isparta yöresinde doğmuş buzağılarda görülen amoroz olguları ile gebe ineklerde karşılaşılan kronik nit- rat zehirlenmeleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Anka- ra Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 30, 657-73.
  • Van Grinsven HJM, Ward MH, Benjamin N, Dekok TM (2006): Does the evidence about health risks associated with nitrate ingestion warrant an increase of the nitrate standard for drinking water? Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source: 5, 26, 1-6.
  • Ward MH, Dekok TM, Levallois P, Brenden J, Gulis G, Nolan BT, Vanderslice J (2005): Workgroup report: Drinking-water nitrate and health-recent findings and research needs. Environmental Health Perspective. 113, 1607-1614.
  • Yarube IU (2011): Nitrate-induced oxidative stress and the effects of dietary antioxidant vitamins C, E and A: Insights from experimental and clinical studies. Bajopas 4, 69-79.
  • Yavuz H, Kaya S, Altıntaş A, Maraşlı Ş (1994): Nevşe- hir ve Niğde yöresinden sağlanan toprak ve su örnekleri ile yemlik olarak kullanılan patates bitkisinin çeşitli kısım- larında nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 41, 107-118.
  • Zabulyte D, Uleckiene S, Kalibatas J, Paltanaviciene A, Jascaniniene N, Stosik M (2007): Ewperimental studies on effect of sodium fluoride and nitrate on bichemical parameters in rats. Bull Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 51, 79-82.
  • Zhao XF, Yang LR, Shi Q, Ma Y, Zhang YY, Chen LD, Zheng HF (2008): Nitrate pollution in groundwater for drinking and its affecting factors in hailun, northeast China. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 29, 2993-8.

İçme sularında yüksek nitrat bulunan Akkaraman koyunlarda serum lipid profili ve enzim düzeyleri

Year 2015, Volume: 62 Issue: 4, 247 - 253, 01.12.2015

Volkan Güneş Öğünç Meral Ulvi Reha Fidancı Görkem Kısmalı Tevhide Sel

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688

Abstract

Çalışmada, içme sularında yüksek düzeyde nitrat bulunan Akkaraman koyunlarında serum lipid ve protein profili ile kreatinin düzeyi ve karaciğer enzimlerinden laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve alkalen fosfataz (ALP) aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nevşehir’in Hacıbektaş ilçesi ve çevresinden farklı kaynak sularından örnek alınarak nitrat düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Sularda nitrat tayini kromatografik yöntemle Bio LC cihazında belirlenmiştir. Akkaraman koyunlardan alınan kan serum örneklerinde AST, ALP ve LDH enzim analizleri ile trigliserid, kolesterol, HDL-C, toplam protein, albumin, ve kreatinin düzeyleri otoanalizörde yapılmıştır. VLDL-C, LDL-C ve globulin düzeyleri ile albumin/globulin oranları hesaplanarak bulunmuştur. Hacıbektaş ilçesi ve çevresinde 34 farklı noktadan alınan kaynak suyunun %74’ünün kabul edilebilir seviyenin üzerinde nitrat içerdiği, bunun da %12’sinin 100mg/L üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür. Kontrol grubuna göre içme sularında yüksek nitrat bulunan Akkaraman koyunların serum LDH ve ALP enzim aktivitelerinde bir azalma tespit edilmiş ve LDH enzim aktivitesinde saptanan azalma istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Serum trigliserid ve kolesterol düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistik olarak p<0.01 ve p<0.001 düzeylerinde önemli bir azalma göstermiştir. Serum HDL düzeylerinde gruplar arasında önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Serum toplam protein, VLDL ve LDL değerleri kontrol grubuna göre deneme grubunda istatistik olarak sırasıyla p<0.05, p<0.01 ve p<0.001 düzeyinde önemli derecede düşüş göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, analiz edilen sulardaki nitrat seviyelerinin insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından risk oluşturabilecek seviyede olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Yüksek nitrat içeren bu suları tüketen koyunlarda yapılan kan analizi sonuçları da hayvan sağlığının etkilendiğinin bir göstergesidir

Keywords

ALP AST LDH lipid profili nitrat serum proteinleri

References

  • Altıntaş A (1995): Buzağılarda bakarkörlük ve vitamin A yetersizliği. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 42: 479-485.
  • Anonim (1996): Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality. 6th Ed. Canada Communication Group-Puslishing. Ottawa, Canada.
  • Anonim (1997): Sular-İçme ve Kullanma Suları. TS 266, TSE, Ankara.
  • Anonim (2006): www.des.nh.gov, Nitrate and nitrite: health information summary: Environmental Fact Sheet. New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services.
  • Anonim (2013): www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v35je14.htm, 845 Nitrate (WHO Food Additives Series 35). Erişim Tari- hi: 25.12.2013
  • Azeez OH, Mahmood MB, Hassan JS (2011): Effect of nitrate poisoning on some biochemical parametrs in rats. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 25, 47-50.
  • Bruning-Fann CS, Kaeene JB (1993): The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on animal health: A rev Vet. Human. Toxicol, 35, 237-253.
  • Bruning-Fann CS, Kaeene JB (1993a): The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on human health: A review. Vet. Human. Toxicol, 35, 521-538.
  • Chow CK, Hong CB (2002): Dietary vitamin E and selenium and toxicity of nitrite and nitrate. Toxicology 180, 195-207.
  • Cockrum RR, Austin KJ, Ludden PA, Cammack KM (2010): Effect of subacute dietary nitrate on production traits and plasma analytes in Suffolk ewes. Animal, 4:5, 702-708.
  • Çakmak Ö (2007): Eskişehir ilinde yer altı ve yüzeysel sulardaki nitrat kirliliğinin kirletici kaynakları göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
  • Durmaz H, Ardıç M, Aygün O, Genli N (2007): Şanlıur- fa ve öresindeki kuyu sularında nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri: YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 18, 51-54.
  • El-Wakf AM, Hassan HA, El-Said FG, El-Said AE (2008): Hypothyroidism in male rats of different ages exposed to nitrate polluted drinking water. Mansoura J. Forencis Med. Clin. Toxicol Vol.XVI, No:2, 77-90.
  • Ertaş N, Gönülalan Z, Yıldırım Y, Al S, Karadal F (2013): Kayseri Bölgesi Kuyu Sularındaki Nitrat ve Nitrit Düzeyleri, Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Veteri- nary Medicine, 10, 15-19.
  • Estival JR, Haro MM, Hernando PM, Mateo R (2010): Sub-chronic effects of nitrate in drinking water on red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa): Oxidative stress and T-cell mediated immune function. Environmental Research 110, 469-475.
  • Fan AM, Steinberg VE (1996): Health implications of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water an update on methemoglobinemia occurrence and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 23, 35-43.
  • Fidancı UR, Altıntaş A, Salmanoğlu B (1994): Niğde ili ve çevresinde rastlanan bakarkör buzağılarda serum transaminaz (GOT, GPT). Üre ve ürik asit düzeyleri. Türk. Vet. Hek. Derg., 6, 64-66.
  • Gadberry S, Jennings J (2013): Nitrate poisoning in cattle. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Agriculture and Natural Resources. FSA 3024.
  • Halwani J, Baroudi BO, Wartel M (1999): Nitrate contamination of theg roundwater of the Akkar Plain in northern Lebanon. Sante, 9, 219-23.
  • Helal E, Zahkok S, Soliman GZA, Al-Kassas M, Abdel Wahed H (2008): Biochemical studies of the effect of sodium nitrite and/or glutathione treatment on male rats. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 30, 25-38.
  • Hrubec TC, Robertson JL, Smith SA (1997): Effects of ammonia and nitrate concentration on hematologic and serum biochemical profiles of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysopsx Morone saxatilis). Am.J. Vet Res. 58, 131-135.
  • İssi M, Gül Y, İlhan S, Başbuğ O, Gül B (2009): Keçi- lerde akut nitrat zehirlenmesi: Kafkas Üniv, Vet. Fak. Derg 15, 807-810.
  • Karagül H, Altıntaş A, Fidancı UR, Sel T (2000): Klinik Biyokimya. 1. Baskı, Medisan yayın serisi, 45, 153-154. Ankara.
  • Kostogry RB, Pisulewski PM, Pecio A (2006): Nitrates affect thyroid status and serum triacylglycerols in wistar rats. Pol, J. Food. Nutr, Sci. 15/56, 71-76.
  • Manassaram DM, Backer LC, Moll DM (2007): A review of nitrates in drinking water: maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes. Ciencia and Saude Coletiva, 12, 153-163.
  • Nas B, Berktay A (2006): Groundwater contaminatin by nitrates in the city of Konya (Turkey): A GIS perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 79, 3-37.
  • Ogur R, Coşkun Ö, Korkmaz A, Oter Ş, Yaren H, Haste M (2005): High nitrate intake impairs liver functi- ons and morphology in rats; protective effect of alfa-tocopherol. Environmental Toxicology and Pharma- cology 20, 161-166.
  • Olhan E, Ataseven Y (2009): Türkiye’de içme suyu havza alanlarında tarımsal faaliyetlerden kaynaklanabilecek kir- liliği önleme ile ilgili yasal düzenlemeler. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 6, 161-169.
  • Oloyede O, Sunmonu TO (2008): Decrease in activities of selected rat liver enzymes following consumption of chemical effluent. J. Appl, Sci. Environ. Manage.12, 95- 100.
  • Oruç HH, Ceylan S (2001): Bursa yöresinde sığırların yemlerinde, içme sularında ve rumen içeriğinde nitrat, nit- rit ve kanda methemoglobin düzeylerinin araştırılması. Uludağ Üniv. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, 20, 25-32.
  • Özdemir M, Yavuz H, İnce S (2004): Afyon bölgesi kuyu sularında nitrat ve nitrit düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 25-28.
  • Sarhan MAA, Shati AA, Elsaid FG (2013): Biochemical and molecular studies on the possible influence of the brassica oleracea and beta vulgaris extracts to mitigate the effect of food preservatives and food chemical colorants on albino rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.11.004.
  • Sezer K, Albay MK, Özmen O, Haligür M, Şahinduran S, Mor F, Köker A(2011): Haematological, biochemical and thyroid gland investigations in pregnant cows and in calves chronically intoxicated with nitrate. Revue Med. Vet. 162, 5, 223-228.
  • Shour A, El-Aziz IA (1999): Effect of oral administration of nitrate on serum glucose, some lipid and non-protein nitrogen constituents. İslamic Univ. J. 7: 1-13.
  • Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V (2000): Biyoistatistik, Hatiboğlu yayınları No:53, 9. baskı, Ankara.
  • Sünal S, Erşahin S (2012): Türkiye’de tarımsal kaynaklı yeraltı suyu nitrat kirliliği. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Der- gisi. 5, 116-118.
  • Şanlı Y, İmren HY, Kaya S, Koç B, Kahraman M(1983): Isparta yöresinde doğmuş buzağılarda görülen amoroz olguları ile gebe ineklerde karşılaşılan kronik nit- rat zehirlenmeleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Anka- ra Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 30, 657-73.
  • Van Grinsven HJM, Ward MH, Benjamin N, Dekok TM (2006): Does the evidence about health risks associated with nitrate ingestion warrant an increase of the nitrate standard for drinking water? Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source: 5, 26, 1-6.
  • Ward MH, Dekok TM, Levallois P, Brenden J, Gulis G, Nolan BT, Vanderslice J (2005): Workgroup report: Drinking-water nitrate and health-recent findings and research needs. Environmental Health Perspective. 113, 1607-1614.
  • Yarube IU (2011): Nitrate-induced oxidative stress and the effects of dietary antioxidant vitamins C, E and A: Insights from experimental and clinical studies. Bajopas 4, 69-79.
  • Yavuz H, Kaya S, Altıntaş A, Maraşlı Ş (1994): Nevşe- hir ve Niğde yöresinden sağlanan toprak ve su örnekleri ile yemlik olarak kullanılan patates bitkisinin çeşitli kısım- larında nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 41, 107-118.
  • Zabulyte D, Uleckiene S, Kalibatas J, Paltanaviciene A, Jascaniniene N, Stosik M (2007): Ewperimental studies on effect of sodium fluoride and nitrate on bichemical parameters in rats. Bull Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 51, 79-82.
  • Zhao XF, Yang LR, Shi Q, Ma Y, Zhang YY, Chen LD, Zheng HF (2008): Nitrate pollution in groundwater for drinking and its affecting factors in hailun, northeast China. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 29, 2993-8.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Other ID JA49FP69DG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Volkan Güneş

Öğünç Meral

Ulvi Reha Fidancı

Görkem Kısmalı

Tevhide Sel

Publication Date December 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015Volume: 62 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Güneş, V., Meral, Ö., Fidancı, U. R., Kısmalı, G., et al. (2015). Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(4), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688
AMA Güneş V, Meral Ö, Fidancı UR, Kısmalı G, Sel T. Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. December 2015;62(4):247-253. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688
Chicago Güneş, Volkan, Öğünç Meral, Ulvi Reha Fidancı, Görkem Kısmalı, and Tevhide Sel. “Serum Lipid Profile and Enzymes Levels in Akkaraman Sheep With High Nitrate in Drinking Water”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 62, no. 4 (December 2015): 247-53. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688.
EndNote Güneş V, Meral Ö, Fidancı UR, Kısmalı G, Sel T (December 1, 2015) Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 62 4 247–253.
IEEE V. Güneş, Ö. Meral, U. R. Fidancı, G. Kısmalı, and T. Sel, “Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 247–253, 2015, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688.
ISNAD Güneş, Volkan et al. “Serum Lipid Profile and Enzymes Levels in Akkaraman Sheep With High Nitrate in Drinking Water”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 62/4 (December 2015), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688.
JAMA Güneş V, Meral Ö, Fidancı UR, Kısmalı G, Sel T. Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2015;62:247–253.
MLA Güneş, Volkan et al. “Serum Lipid Profile and Enzymes Levels in Akkaraman Sheep With High Nitrate in Drinking Water”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 62, no. 4, 2015, pp. 247-53, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002688.
Vancouver Güneş V, Meral Ö, Fidancı UR, Kısmalı G, Sel T. Serum lipid profile and enzymes levels in Akkaraman sheep with high nitrate in drinking water. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2015;62(4):247-53.