Abstract
Behavioral and physiological responses of Kangal dogs in different livestock flocks; i.e. sheep and goat flocks, which are the most frequently guarded livestocks by those dogs, were examined in the present study. Salivary cortisol levels and the values of behavior were examined three different times from each dog, namely while they were resting around the house or the pen, when dogs confronted with the flock and when dogs guarded the flock in the pasture. The maximum cortisol levels of dogs confronted with goats significantly higher than the confronted from sheeps ( p 0.05). Accordingly, it can be suggested that confrontation with the goat flock is more stressful comparing with the sheep flock. However, no significant difference was found, when comparing maximum cortisol values during the active protection in sheep flock and goat flock. Moreover, no statistical difference was found when comparing the direct behavioral reactions of the dogs during the confrontation with the sheep and the goat flocks. Considering “hyperactivity” and “low tail position” behaviors of Kangal dogs during the active guarding of the flock, statistically significant differences were found between the sheep and goat flocks (t-test: p 0.01). Thus, one may argue that Kangal dogs feel less secure in the goat flock in comparison to the sheep flock
References
- Beerda B (1997): Stress and well-beings in dogs. Tez, Utrecht, Netherland.
- Beerda B, Schilder MBH, Van Hooff JARAM, De Vries HW, Mol JA (1999): Chronic stress in dogs subjected to social and spatial restriction. І.Behavioral Responses. Physiol Behav, 66, 233-242.
- Beerda B, Schilder MBH, Van Hooff JARAM, De Vries HW, Mol JA (2000): Behaviouraland hormonal indica- tors of enduring environmental stress in dogs. Anim Welfare, 9, 49 – 62.
- Bekoff M (2001): Social play behaviour: cooperation, fairness, trust, and the evolution of Morality. J. Consciousn. Stud,. 8, 81 – 90.
- Benton LA, UFE Yates (1990): Ultradian adrenocortical and circulatory oscillisations in concious dogs. Am. J. Physiol,. 258, 578-590.
- Bodnariu A, (2008): Indicator of stress and stress assesment in dogs. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişora. http://www.usab-tm.ro/vol8mv/4_vol8.pdf. (3.Ocak.2012).
- Böhm İ (2009): Vergleich der Stressauswirkungen anhand von Speichelcortisolwerten und der Lerneffekte von drei Ausbildungsmethoden Hannover.
- Broadhead P (2003): Karabaş kangal köpeği,. 1. Ulusla- rarası Kangal Köpeği Sempozyumu Bildirisi, Devran Mat- baası, s,186,. Sivas.
- Cooper TR, Booth WD, Zanella AJ, Trunkfield HR (1989): An enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for cortisol in the saliva of man and domestic farm animals. J. Endocrinol,. 123, 13-16.
- Feddersen-Petersen D, Ohl F (1995): Ausdrucksverhalten beim Hund. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Stuttgart.
- Freeman S (2002): Biological Science. Prentice Hall; 2nd Pkg edition,. ISBN 0-13-218746-9.
- Hennesy MB, Davıs HN, Williams MT, Mellott C, Douglas CW (1997): Plasma cortisol levels of dogs in a county animal shelter. Physiology Behavior,. 62, 485-490.
- Hicks TA, Mcglone JJ, Whısnant CS, Kattesh HG, Norman R (1998): Behavioral, endocrine, immune, and performance measures for pigs exposed to acute stress. J Anim Sci,. 76, 474-483.
- Hiby EF, Rooney NJ, Bradshaw JWS (2006): Behavioural and physiological responses of dogs enteringre-homing kennels.Physiol Behav,. 89, 385-391.
- Kartay D. (2002): Bozkırın Gözcüsü Türk Çoban Köpeği Kangal. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara.
- Kirschbaum D, Hellhammer CUDH (1994): Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrin,. 19(4), 313-333.
- Kubinyi E, Turcsan B, Miklosi A (2009): Dog and owner demographic characteristics and dog personality trait associations. Behavioural Processes,. 8, 392–401.
- Lay DC Jr, Friend TH, Bowers CL, Grissom KK, Jenkıns OC (1992): A comparative study of physiological and behavioral study of freeze and hot-iron branding using dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci.,70, 1121-1125.
- Levine S (2003): The psychoendocrinology of stres. Ann NY Acad Sci., 29, 61-69.
- Lorenz JR, Coppinger L (2002): Raising and Training a Livestock-guarding Dog. http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/19 57/18914/ec1238.pdf (08.Ocak.2013).
- Parker JL (1978): Komondor, Kuvasz and Great Pyreness… there breeds of live stock guard dog breeds that work The Cattleman 65, 70-76.
- Qutreack C (2012): Anatolian Shepherd Guarding Dog Programme, Sount Africa. http//www.cheetah.co.za/an_project.htmal. (23.Şubat.2012).
- Salgırlı Y, Emre B, Besgul K, Ozturk H, Sagmanligil V (2012): Köpek sahiplerinin köpeklerine yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir pilot çalışma. Vet. J. Ank. Univ. 59, 11-15.
- Salgırlı Y, Schalke E, Boehm I, Hackbarth H (2012): Comparison of learning effects and stress between 3 different training methods (electronic training collar, pinch collar and quitting signal) in Belgian Malinois Police Dogs. Revue Méd. Vét., 163, 530-535.
- Salgırlı Y, Sağmanlığil V (2012): Köpeklerin ve Kedilerin Davranışları. Hayvan Davranışları ve Refahı. Ed: Sağman- lıgil V. Anadolu Üniversitesi. ISBN: 978-975-06-1006-6.
- Shannon IL (1967): Movement of Cortisol from the blo- odstream to parotid fluid. Texas Rep. Biol. Med. 25, 437- 445.
- Steiss JE, Schaffer C, Ahmad HA, Voith VL (2007): Evaluation of plasma cortisol levels and behaviour in dogs wearing bark control collars. Appl Anim Behav Sci., 3, 96-106.
- Stichnoth J (2002): Stresserscheinungen beim praxisähnlichen Einsatz von elektrischen Erziehungshalsbändern beim Hund. Tez, Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochsch.
- Thalbourne MA, Haraldsson E (1980): Personality and individual differences. 1, 180–185.
- Vincent IC, Michell AR (1992): Comparison of cortisol concentrations in saliva and plasma of dogs. Research in Veterinary Science., 53, 342-345.
- Yılmaz O (2008): Kangal (karabaş) Türk Çoban Köpeği, Bilge Kültür Sanat (ISBN 978-9944-425-93-3), İstanbul.
Kangal çoban köpeklerinin farklı hayvan sürülerinde gösterdikleri davranışsal ve fizyolojik değişkenlerin karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Mevcut çalışmada, Kangal çoban köpeğinin en çok koruduğu hayvan sürüleri olan koyun ve keçi sürülerinde, bu köpeklerin göstermiş olduğu fizyolojik ve davranışsal cevaplar incelendi. Köpeklerin ev-ağıl etrafında dinlenirken, koyun-keçi sürüsü ile karşılaştıklarında ve mera alanında sürü koruma sırasında tükürük kortizol seviyesi değerleri ile birlikte sergiledikleri davranışları incelenmiştir. Köpeklerin keçilerle karşılaşmasındaki maksimum kortizol seviyesi koyunlarla karşılaşmasındaki seviyeden istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (t-test: p 0,05). Bu durum keçilerle karşılaşmanın daha fazla strese neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Keçi ve koyun sürüsünü koruma sırasında maximum kortizol verileri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Keçi ve koyun sürüsü ile karşılaşma sırasında davranış verileri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Köpeklerin aktif koyun ve keçi sürüsü koruma sırasındaki davranış verileri karşılaştırıldığında ‘’hiperaktivite’’ ve ‘’düşük kuyruk’’ davranışları açısından fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (t-test: p<0,01). Koyun sürüsünde ‘’hiperaktivite’’ keçi sürüsünde ‘’düşük kuyruk’’ davranışı yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu durum keçi sürüsü içerisinde köpeklerin koyun sürüsüne oranla daha güvensiz olduklarını göstermektedir
References
- Beerda B (1997): Stress and well-beings in dogs. Tez, Utrecht, Netherland.
- Beerda B, Schilder MBH, Van Hooff JARAM, De Vries HW, Mol JA (1999): Chronic stress in dogs subjected to social and spatial restriction. І.Behavioral Responses. Physiol Behav, 66, 233-242.
- Beerda B, Schilder MBH, Van Hooff JARAM, De Vries HW, Mol JA (2000): Behaviouraland hormonal indica- tors of enduring environmental stress in dogs. Anim Welfare, 9, 49 – 62.
- Bekoff M (2001): Social play behaviour: cooperation, fairness, trust, and the evolution of Morality. J. Consciousn. Stud,. 8, 81 – 90.
- Benton LA, UFE Yates (1990): Ultradian adrenocortical and circulatory oscillisations in concious dogs. Am. J. Physiol,. 258, 578-590.
- Bodnariu A, (2008): Indicator of stress and stress assesment in dogs. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişora. http://www.usab-tm.ro/vol8mv/4_vol8.pdf. (3.Ocak.2012).
- Böhm İ (2009): Vergleich der Stressauswirkungen anhand von Speichelcortisolwerten und der Lerneffekte von drei Ausbildungsmethoden Hannover.
- Broadhead P (2003): Karabaş kangal köpeği,. 1. Ulusla- rarası Kangal Köpeği Sempozyumu Bildirisi, Devran Mat- baası, s,186,. Sivas.
- Cooper TR, Booth WD, Zanella AJ, Trunkfield HR (1989): An enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for cortisol in the saliva of man and domestic farm animals. J. Endocrinol,. 123, 13-16.
- Feddersen-Petersen D, Ohl F (1995): Ausdrucksverhalten beim Hund. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Stuttgart.
- Freeman S (2002): Biological Science. Prentice Hall; 2nd Pkg edition,. ISBN 0-13-218746-9.
- Hennesy MB, Davıs HN, Williams MT, Mellott C, Douglas CW (1997): Plasma cortisol levels of dogs in a county animal shelter. Physiology Behavior,. 62, 485-490.
- Hicks TA, Mcglone JJ, Whısnant CS, Kattesh HG, Norman R (1998): Behavioral, endocrine, immune, and performance measures for pigs exposed to acute stress. J Anim Sci,. 76, 474-483.
- Hiby EF, Rooney NJ, Bradshaw JWS (2006): Behavioural and physiological responses of dogs enteringre-homing kennels.Physiol Behav,. 89, 385-391.
- Kartay D. (2002): Bozkırın Gözcüsü Türk Çoban Köpeği Kangal. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara.
- Kirschbaum D, Hellhammer CUDH (1994): Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrin,. 19(4), 313-333.
- Kubinyi E, Turcsan B, Miklosi A (2009): Dog and owner demographic characteristics and dog personality trait associations. Behavioural Processes,. 8, 392–401.
- Lay DC Jr, Friend TH, Bowers CL, Grissom KK, Jenkıns OC (1992): A comparative study of physiological and behavioral study of freeze and hot-iron branding using dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci.,70, 1121-1125.
- Levine S (2003): The psychoendocrinology of stres. Ann NY Acad Sci., 29, 61-69.
- Lorenz JR, Coppinger L (2002): Raising and Training a Livestock-guarding Dog. http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/19 57/18914/ec1238.pdf (08.Ocak.2013).
- Parker JL (1978): Komondor, Kuvasz and Great Pyreness… there breeds of live stock guard dog breeds that work The Cattleman 65, 70-76.
- Qutreack C (2012): Anatolian Shepherd Guarding Dog Programme, Sount Africa. http//www.cheetah.co.za/an_project.htmal. (23.Şubat.2012).
- Salgırlı Y, Emre B, Besgul K, Ozturk H, Sagmanligil V (2012): Köpek sahiplerinin köpeklerine yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir pilot çalışma. Vet. J. Ank. Univ. 59, 11-15.
- Salgırlı Y, Schalke E, Boehm I, Hackbarth H (2012): Comparison of learning effects and stress between 3 different training methods (electronic training collar, pinch collar and quitting signal) in Belgian Malinois Police Dogs. Revue Méd. Vét., 163, 530-535.
- Salgırlı Y, Sağmanlığil V (2012): Köpeklerin ve Kedilerin Davranışları. Hayvan Davranışları ve Refahı. Ed: Sağman- lıgil V. Anadolu Üniversitesi. ISBN: 978-975-06-1006-6.
- Shannon IL (1967): Movement of Cortisol from the blo- odstream to parotid fluid. Texas Rep. Biol. Med. 25, 437- 445.
- Steiss JE, Schaffer C, Ahmad HA, Voith VL (2007): Evaluation of plasma cortisol levels and behaviour in dogs wearing bark control collars. Appl Anim Behav Sci., 3, 96-106.
- Stichnoth J (2002): Stresserscheinungen beim praxisähnlichen Einsatz von elektrischen Erziehungshalsbändern beim Hund. Tez, Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochsch.
- Thalbourne MA, Haraldsson E (1980): Personality and individual differences. 1, 180–185.
- Vincent IC, Michell AR (1992): Comparison of cortisol concentrations in saliva and plasma of dogs. Research in Veterinary Science., 53, 342-345.
- Yılmaz O (2008): Kangal (karabaş) Türk Çoban Köpeği, Bilge Kültür Sanat (ISBN 978-9944-425-93-3), İstanbul.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA67SR34MJ |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015Volume: 62 Issue: 4 |