Comparison of the effects of phonophoresis and ultrasound therapy on recovery of experimental tenorrhaphy in rabbits
Abstract
Tendon ruptures occur generally at distal portions of extremities and require relatively long recovery period. Traumatic ruptures of Achilles tendon need 6-8 weeks of immobility period including pre and postoperative days. In order to avoid other orthopedical problems by this application and to speed up the recovery period, postoperative local administrations are done. Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS) is one of these applications. Phonophoresis is the local absorbing procedure of some drugs by means of TUS which is applied to the affected area. Forty male New Zealand rabbits were used in the study which were one year old and mean 3 kg body-weight. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups and experimental Achilles tendon rupture was created in both legs of all rabbits and repaired immediately by tenorrhaphy. The right legs of rabbits of groups 1 and 3 were treated postoperatively with TUS for 10 days. The right legs of rabbits in groups 2 and 4 were treated postoperatively with phonophoresis for 10 days. Left legs of all rabbits served as the control group. All rabbits were euthanized at the end of the 30th day. Samples which were taken from groups 1 and 2 were examined histopathologically and those in groups 3 and 4 were examined biomechanically. In biomechanical investigations, the rupture points of the tendons in N (Newton) were compared. At the end of the study, it was concluded that TUS is a superior for tendon healing when compared to phonophoresis
References
- Akçam FD (2008): Karpal tünel sendromunda steroid fonoforezinin klinik bulgular ve sinir iletim hızlarına olan etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı. (Uzmanlık Tezi).
- Anderson A (2006): Muscle and tendon injuries. 110-119. In: JEF Haulton, JL Cook, JF Innes, SJ Langley-Hoobs (Eds), Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Disorders. Replika, BSAVA, England.
- Aron DN (1990): Tendons. 1257-1260. In: MJ Bojrab (Ed), Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. WB- Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Aygün H, Kılıç E, Hüseyinoğlu Ü, et al. (2010): A new surgical technique for the repair of the achilles tendon rupture: Repair of the Achill tendon rupture by implant without immobilization and compared with traditional suture in rabbits. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16, 5, 777- 782.
- Baker KG, Robertson VJ, Duck FA (2001): A review of therapeutic ultrasound: Biophysical effects. Phys Ther, 81, 7, 1351-1358.
- Baxter D, McDonough SM (2007): Principles of electrotherapy in veterinary physiotherapy. 177-186. In: C McGowan, L Goff, N Stubbs (Eds), Animal Physiotherapy. Blackwell, England.
- Christine OY, Gabriel YF, Edwina KN, et al. (2003): Therapeutic ultrasound improves strength of Achilles tendon repair in rats. Ultrasound Med Biol, 29, 10, 1501-1506.
- Clark DM (1993): Tendon injury and repair. 1257-1260. In: MJ Bojrab (Ed), Disease Mechanisms in Small Animal Surgery (2nd ed.). WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- da Cunha A, Parizotto NA, Vidal BdeC (2001): The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on repair of the achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus) of the rat. Ultrasound Med Biol, 27, 12, 1691-1696.
- Demir H, Menku P, Kirnap M, et al. (2004): Comparison of the effect of laser ultrasound and combined laser+ultrasound treatments in experimental tendon healing. Laser Surg Med, 35, 1, 84-89.
- Enwemeka CS (1989): The effects of therapeutic ultrasound on tendon healing. Am J Phys Med Rehab, 68, 6, 283-287.
- Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S (1990): The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons. Ultrasound Med Biol, 16, 8, 801-807.
- Forslund C (2002): BMP treatment for improving tendon repair studies on rat and rabbit Achilles tendons. Acta Orthop Scand, Supplementum No: 308, 74, 1-30.
- Järvinen TAH, Järvinen TLN, Kääriäinen M, et al. (2005): Muscle injuries: biology and treatment. Am J Sport Med, 33, 5, 745-764.
- Johnson AL, Hulse DA (2002): Management of muscle and tendon injury or disease. 1158-1168. In: TW Fossum, CS Hedlund, DA Hulse, AL Johnson, HB Seim III, MD Willard, GL Carrol (Eds), Small Animal Surgery (2nd ed.). Mosby, Missouri.
- Karahan M, Erol B (2004): Aşil tendo yırtıklarına yaklaşım. Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Birliği Derneği Dergisi, 3, 1-2.
- Koeke PU, Parizotto NA, Carrinho PM, et al. (2005): Comparative study of the efficacy of the topical application of hydrocortisone, therapeutic ultrasound and phonophoresis on the tissue repair process in rat tendons. Ultrasound Med Biol, 31, 3, 345-350.
- Larsen A, Kristensen G, Thorlacius-Ussing O, et al. (2005): The influence of ultrasound on the mechanical properties of healing tendons in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand, 76, 2, 225-230.
- Leighton RL (1994): Transection of achilles tendon. 7.10- 7.11. In: RL Leighton (Ed), Small Animal Orthopedics. Wolfe, London.
- Lister SA, Renberg WC, Roush JK (2009): Efficacy of immobilization of the tarsal joint to alleviate strain on the common calcaneal tendon in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 70, 1, 134-140.
- Müller M, Mascher H, Kikuta C (1997): Diclofenac concentrations in defined tissue layers after topical administration. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 62, 3, 293-299.
- Mueller MC, Gradner G, Hittmair KM, et al. (2009): Conservative treatment of partial gastrocnemius muscle avulsions in dogs using therapeutic ultrasound- A force plate study. Vet Comp Orthopaed, 22, 3, 243-248.
- Roe SC (1998): Injury and diseases of tendons. 92-99. In: M Bloomberg, JF Dee, RA Taylor (Eds), Canine Sports Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Saini NS, Roy KS, Bansal PS, et al. (2002): A preliminary study on the effect of US therapy on the healing of surgically severed achilles tendons in five dogs. J Vet Med A, 49, 6, 321-328.
- Thermann H, Frerichs O, Biewener A, et al. (2001): Healing of the achilles tendon: An experimental study. Foot Ankle Int, 22, 6, 478-483.
- Ünlü RE, Ortak T, Uysal AÇ, et al. (2003): Tendon onarımından sonra oluşabilecek yapışıklıkların sarılarak önlenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 56, 1, 2003.
- Yeung CK, Guo X, Ng YF (2006): Pulsed ultrasound treatment accelerates the repair of Achilles tendon rupture in rats. J Orthopaed Research, 24, 2, 193-201.
Deneysel olarak tenorafi yapılan tavşanlarda ultrason terapi ile fonoforezisin iyileşme üzerineetkilerinin karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Tendo kopukları çoğunlukla ekstremitelerin distal kısımlarında meydana gelmekte ve uzun süreli bir iyileşme periyodu gerektirmektedir. Travmatik aşil tendo kopuklarında operasyon öncesi ve sonrasını da kapsayan 6-8 haftalık bir bandaj uygulaması ile hareketsizlik sağlanmaktadır. Bu uygulamanın neden olacağı diğer ortopedik problemleri önlemek ve iyileşme periyodunu hızlandırabilmek amacıyla, operasyon sonrası lokal uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Ultrason terapi (TUS) bunlardan biridir. Fonoforezis ise emilim özelliği olan ilaçların TUS eşliğinde lokal olarak bölgeye emdirilmesidir. Deneysel çalışmamızda 40 adet erkek, 1 yaşında, ortalama 3 kg ağırlığında, Yeni Zelanda tavşanı kullanıldı. Tavşanlar 4 gruba ayrıldı ve tüm tavşanların her iki arka bacağında deneysel Aşil tendo rupturu oluşturuldu ve hemen akabinde tenorafi ile onarıldı. Birinci ve üçüncü gruptaki tavşanların sağ bacaklarına operasyondan sonraki 10 gün boyunca ultrason terapi uygulandı. İkinci ve dördüncü gruptaki tavşanların sağ bacaklarına ise operasyondan sonraki 10 gün boyunca fonoforez uygulandı. Tüm çalışma gruplarında, sol bacaklar kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Tavşanlar 30. gün sonunda ötenazi edilerek grup 1 ve 2’deki örnekler histopatolojik olarak, grup 3 ve 4’teki örnekler ise biyomekanik olarak incelendi. Biyomekanik inceleme için tendoların kopma noktaları N (Newton) cinsinden karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmanın sonucunda; ultrason terapinin fonoforezle karşılaştırıldığında tendo iyileşmesi için daha üstün bir metod olduğu kanısına varıldı
Keywords
References
- Akçam FD (2008): Karpal tünel sendromunda steroid fonoforezinin klinik bulgular ve sinir iletim hızlarına olan etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı. (Uzmanlık Tezi).
- Anderson A (2006): Muscle and tendon injuries. 110-119. In: JEF Haulton, JL Cook, JF Innes, SJ Langley-Hoobs (Eds), Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Disorders. Replika, BSAVA, England.
- Aron DN (1990): Tendons. 1257-1260. In: MJ Bojrab (Ed), Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. WB- Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Aygün H, Kılıç E, Hüseyinoğlu Ü, et al. (2010): A new surgical technique for the repair of the achilles tendon rupture: Repair of the Achill tendon rupture by implant without immobilization and compared with traditional suture in rabbits. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16, 5, 777- 782.
- Baker KG, Robertson VJ, Duck FA (2001): A review of therapeutic ultrasound: Biophysical effects. Phys Ther, 81, 7, 1351-1358.
- Baxter D, McDonough SM (2007): Principles of electrotherapy in veterinary physiotherapy. 177-186. In: C McGowan, L Goff, N Stubbs (Eds), Animal Physiotherapy. Blackwell, England.
- Christine OY, Gabriel YF, Edwina KN, et al. (2003): Therapeutic ultrasound improves strength of Achilles tendon repair in rats. Ultrasound Med Biol, 29, 10, 1501-1506.
- Clark DM (1993): Tendon injury and repair. 1257-1260. In: MJ Bojrab (Ed), Disease Mechanisms in Small Animal Surgery (2nd ed.). WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- da Cunha A, Parizotto NA, Vidal BdeC (2001): The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on repair of the achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus) of the rat. Ultrasound Med Biol, 27, 12, 1691-1696.
- Demir H, Menku P, Kirnap M, et al. (2004): Comparison of the effect of laser ultrasound and combined laser+ultrasound treatments in experimental tendon healing. Laser Surg Med, 35, 1, 84-89.
- Enwemeka CS (1989): The effects of therapeutic ultrasound on tendon healing. Am J Phys Med Rehab, 68, 6, 283-287.
- Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S (1990): The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons. Ultrasound Med Biol, 16, 8, 801-807.
- Forslund C (2002): BMP treatment for improving tendon repair studies on rat and rabbit Achilles tendons. Acta Orthop Scand, Supplementum No: 308, 74, 1-30.
- Järvinen TAH, Järvinen TLN, Kääriäinen M, et al. (2005): Muscle injuries: biology and treatment. Am J Sport Med, 33, 5, 745-764.
- Johnson AL, Hulse DA (2002): Management of muscle and tendon injury or disease. 1158-1168. In: TW Fossum, CS Hedlund, DA Hulse, AL Johnson, HB Seim III, MD Willard, GL Carrol (Eds), Small Animal Surgery (2nd ed.). Mosby, Missouri.
- Karahan M, Erol B (2004): Aşil tendo yırtıklarına yaklaşım. Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Birliği Derneği Dergisi, 3, 1-2.
- Koeke PU, Parizotto NA, Carrinho PM, et al. (2005): Comparative study of the efficacy of the topical application of hydrocortisone, therapeutic ultrasound and phonophoresis on the tissue repair process in rat tendons. Ultrasound Med Biol, 31, 3, 345-350.
- Larsen A, Kristensen G, Thorlacius-Ussing O, et al. (2005): The influence of ultrasound on the mechanical properties of healing tendons in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand, 76, 2, 225-230.
- Leighton RL (1994): Transection of achilles tendon. 7.10- 7.11. In: RL Leighton (Ed), Small Animal Orthopedics. Wolfe, London.
- Lister SA, Renberg WC, Roush JK (2009): Efficacy of immobilization of the tarsal joint to alleviate strain on the common calcaneal tendon in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 70, 1, 134-140.
- Müller M, Mascher H, Kikuta C (1997): Diclofenac concentrations in defined tissue layers after topical administration. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 62, 3, 293-299.
- Mueller MC, Gradner G, Hittmair KM, et al. (2009): Conservative treatment of partial gastrocnemius muscle avulsions in dogs using therapeutic ultrasound- A force plate study. Vet Comp Orthopaed, 22, 3, 243-248.
- Roe SC (1998): Injury and diseases of tendons. 92-99. In: M Bloomberg, JF Dee, RA Taylor (Eds), Canine Sports Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Saini NS, Roy KS, Bansal PS, et al. (2002): A preliminary study on the effect of US therapy on the healing of surgically severed achilles tendons in five dogs. J Vet Med A, 49, 6, 321-328.
- Thermann H, Frerichs O, Biewener A, et al. (2001): Healing of the achilles tendon: An experimental study. Foot Ankle Int, 22, 6, 478-483.
- Ünlü RE, Ortak T, Uysal AÇ, et al. (2003): Tendon onarımından sonra oluşabilecek yapışıklıkların sarılarak önlenmesi: Deneysel çalışma. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 56, 1, 2003.
- Yeung CK, Guo X, Ng YF (2006): Pulsed ultrasound treatment accelerates the repair of Achilles tendon rupture in rats. J Orthopaed Research, 24, 2, 193-201.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA77SG67SF |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015Volume: 62 Issue: 3 |