Letter to Editor
Prevalence of Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs from the urban and rural areas of western Turkey
Abstract
In this study, rickettsial infections in dogs living in rural and urban areas were evaluated in the Western Turkey. Dog sera has been tested indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA) by containing Rickettsia rickettsii antigen. Dog blood sera samples were obtained from 250 dogs (50 dogs from urban area and 200 dogs from rural area) covering the two-year period between March 2009 - March 2011. For each sera, the antigen reactive with Rickettsia rickettsii constitute the end point titers were determined. A total of 250 dogs sera samples were tested. Dog sera samples were found 54.0% (135/250) seropositive and 43.2% (108/250) were found seronegative for the Rickettsia rickettsii. However, of the 2.8% (7/250 dog sera samples were found to be suspicious for the Rickettsia rickettsii at ≥ 1:64 - 1:256 < titer. In this study, 7 (14.0%) dogs in urban areas were found to be seropositive and 128 (64.0%) dogs in rural areas were found to be seropositive in the ≥ 1:256 titer with the IFA test. In conclusion, titers of antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii obtained from rural and urban dogs in Western Turkey appeared to be remarkable and more research needs to be done on this subject reveals
Keywords
References
- Angerami RN, Resende MR, Feltrin AF, Katz G, Nascimento EM, Stucchi RS, Silva LJ (2006): Brazilian spotted fever: a case series from an endemic area in southeastern Brazil: epidemiological aspects. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1078, 170–172.
- Bowman DD, Little SE, Lorentzen L, Shields J, Sullivan MP, Carlin EP (2009): Prevalence and geographic distribution of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in the United States: results of a national clinic-based serologic survey. Vet Parasitol, 160, 138–148.
- Calic SB, Barcellos-Rocha CM, Leite RC, Mafra CL (2005): Old and new human rickettsiosis in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1063, 356–357.
- Foley JE, Brown RN, Gabriel MW, Henn J, Drazenovich N, Kasten R, Green SL, Chomel BB (2007): Spatial analysis of the exposure of dogs in rural north-coastal California to vectorbornepathogens. Vet Rec, 161, 653–657.
- Guedes E, Leite RC, Prata MCA, Pacheco RC, Walker DH, Labruna MB (2005): Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii in the tick Amblyomma cajennense in a new Brazilian spotted feverendemic area in the state of Minas Gerais. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 100, 841–845.
- Hinrichsen VL, Whitworth UG, Breitsschwerdt EB, Heqarty BC, Mather TN (2001): Assessing the association between the geographic distribution of deer ticks and seropositivity rates to various tick-transmitted disease organisms in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 218, 1092–1097.
- Horta MC, Labruna MB, Pinter A, Linardi PM, Schumaker TTS (2007): Rickettsia infection in five areas of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 102, 793–801.
- Horta MC, Labruna MB, Sangioni LA (2004): Prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in humans and domestic animals in a Brazilian spotted fever endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: serological evidence for infection by Rickettsia rickettsii and another spotted fever group rickettsia. Amer J Trop Med Hyg,; 71, 93-97.
- Labruna MB, Pacheco RC, Richtzenhain LJ, Szabo MP (2007): Isolation of Rickettsia rhipicephali and Rickettsia bellii from ticks Haemaphysalis juxtakochi in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 869–873.
- LaScola B, Raoult D (1997): Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 2715–2727.
- Lemos ERS, Machado RD, Coura JR, Guimarães MA, Chagas N (1996): Epidemiological aspects of the Brazilian spotted fever: serological survey of dogs and horses in an endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo, 38, 427-430.
- Lemos ERS, Machado RD, Coura JR (1994): Rocky Mountain spotted fever in an endemic area in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 89, 497-501.
- Memiş D, Sapolya O, Tasdoğan M, Yucel T, Vatan İ (2007): Rickettsia ricketsii infection presenting as septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Chinese Clinical Medicine, 2, 341-343.
- Nicholson WL, Allen KE, McQuiston JH, Breitsschwerdt EB, Little SE (2010): The increasing recognation of ricketsial pathogens in dogs and people. Trends Prasitol, 26, 205-212.
- Pacheco RC, Venzal JM, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB (2006): Rickettsia parkeri in Uruguay. Emerg Infec Dis, 12, 1804–1805.
- Paddock CD, Brenner O, Vaid C, Boyd DB, Berg JM, Joseph RJ, Zaki SR, Childs JE (2002): Short report: concurrent Rocky Mountain spotted fever in a dog and its owner. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 66, 197– 199.
- Parola P, Davoust B, Raoult D (2005a): Tick and flea- borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses. Vet Res, 36, 469-492.
- Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D (2005b): Tick borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev, 18, 719– 756.
- Parola P, Raoult D (2001): Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin Infect Dis, 32, 897–928.
- Pinter A, Labruna MB (2006): Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in cell culture from the tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil. Ann NY Acad. Sci, 1078, 523–529.
- Raoult D, Roux V (1997): Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev, 10, 694–719.
- Saito TB, Pacheco NA, Ferreira RC, Pappen FG, Farias NA, Larsson CE, Labruna MB (2008): Canine infection by rickettsiae and ehrlichiae in southern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 79, 102-108.
- Solano-Gallego L, Kidd L, Trotta M, Di MArco M, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Breitschwerdt E (2006): Febrile illness associated with Rickettsia conorii infection in dogs from Sicily. Emerg Infect Dis, 12, 1985–2188.
- Tekin A, Gözalan A, Çöplü N, Yılmaz G, Köksal İ, Esen B, Ertek M (2010): The seropositivity and risk factors for rickettsial infections in selected areas from Black Sea Region of Turkey. Dicle Medical J, 37, 204-210.
- The Center for Food Security & Public Health (CFSPH) (2005): Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Iowa State University. Available at, accessed on 20 October 2012, http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu, p 1-5.
- Vianna MCB, Horta MC, Sangioni LA, Cortez A, Soares RM, Mafra CL, Galvao MAM, Labruna MB, Gennari SM (2008): Ricketsial Spotted Fever in Capoeirao Village, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo, 50, 297-301. Geliş tarihi: 02.12.2012 / Kabul tarihi: 28.03.2013 Address for correspondence: Dr. Sukru Kirkan Bacteriology and Serology Division of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Isikli, 09016, Aydin/Turkey. e-mail: skirkan@adu.edu.tr
Batı Türkiye’de kırsal ve kentsel alanlarında yaşayan köpeklerde Rickettsia rickettsii infeksiyonununprevalansı
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Batı Ege Bölgesi kırsal ve kentsel alanlarında yaşayan köpekler arasında riketsiya infeksiyonu değerlendirildi. Köpek serumlarına Rickettsia rickettsii antijeni içeren indirekt immunfloresan testi (IFA) uygulandı. Köpek kan serum örnekleri, Mart 2009- Mart 2011 dönemini kapsayan 2 yıllık periyotta 250 köpekten (50 köpek kırsal alandan ve kentsel alandan 200 köpek) elde edildi. Herbir serum için, Rickettsia rickettsii antijen ile reaksiyon oluşturan bitiş noktası titreleri belirlendi. Toplamda 250 köpek serum örneği test edildi. Köpek serum örneklerinin % 54.0 (135/250)’ü Rickettsia rickettsii için seropozitif ve % 43.2 (108/250)’si Rickettsia rickettsii için seronegatif bulundu. Bununla beraber, titresi ≥ 1:64 - < 1:256 arasında olan köpek serum örneklerinin % 2.8 (7/250)’i Rickettsia rickettsii için şüpheli bulundu. Bu çalışmada, IFA testi ile kentsel alandaki köpeklerden 7 (% 14.0)’si ≥ 1:256 titrede seropozitif ve kırsal alandaki köpeklerden 128 (% 64.0)’ i ≥ 1:256 titrede seropozitif bulundu. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Türkiye’nin Batı Ege Bölgesi kırsal ve kentsel alanlarında yaşayan köpeklerde Rickettsia rickettsii etkenine karşı oluşan antikor titrelerinin önemli düzeyde olduğunu göstermiş ve bu konu ile ilgili daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekliliği kanısına varılmıştır
Keywords
References
- Angerami RN, Resende MR, Feltrin AF, Katz G, Nascimento EM, Stucchi RS, Silva LJ (2006): Brazilian spotted fever: a case series from an endemic area in southeastern Brazil: epidemiological aspects. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1078, 170–172.
- Bowman DD, Little SE, Lorentzen L, Shields J, Sullivan MP, Carlin EP (2009): Prevalence and geographic distribution of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in the United States: results of a national clinic-based serologic survey. Vet Parasitol, 160, 138–148.
- Calic SB, Barcellos-Rocha CM, Leite RC, Mafra CL (2005): Old and new human rickettsiosis in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1063, 356–357.
- Foley JE, Brown RN, Gabriel MW, Henn J, Drazenovich N, Kasten R, Green SL, Chomel BB (2007): Spatial analysis of the exposure of dogs in rural north-coastal California to vectorbornepathogens. Vet Rec, 161, 653–657.
- Guedes E, Leite RC, Prata MCA, Pacheco RC, Walker DH, Labruna MB (2005): Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii in the tick Amblyomma cajennense in a new Brazilian spotted feverendemic area in the state of Minas Gerais. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 100, 841–845.
- Hinrichsen VL, Whitworth UG, Breitsschwerdt EB, Heqarty BC, Mather TN (2001): Assessing the association between the geographic distribution of deer ticks and seropositivity rates to various tick-transmitted disease organisms in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 218, 1092–1097.
- Horta MC, Labruna MB, Pinter A, Linardi PM, Schumaker TTS (2007): Rickettsia infection in five areas of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 102, 793–801.
- Horta MC, Labruna MB, Sangioni LA (2004): Prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in humans and domestic animals in a Brazilian spotted fever endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: serological evidence for infection by Rickettsia rickettsii and another spotted fever group rickettsia. Amer J Trop Med Hyg,; 71, 93-97.
- Labruna MB, Pacheco RC, Richtzenhain LJ, Szabo MP (2007): Isolation of Rickettsia rhipicephali and Rickettsia bellii from ticks Haemaphysalis juxtakochi in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 869–873.
- LaScola B, Raoult D (1997): Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 2715–2727.
- Lemos ERS, Machado RD, Coura JR, Guimarães MA, Chagas N (1996): Epidemiological aspects of the Brazilian spotted fever: serological survey of dogs and horses in an endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo, 38, 427-430.
- Lemos ERS, Machado RD, Coura JR (1994): Rocky Mountain spotted fever in an endemic area in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 89, 497-501.
- Memiş D, Sapolya O, Tasdoğan M, Yucel T, Vatan İ (2007): Rickettsia ricketsii infection presenting as septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Chinese Clinical Medicine, 2, 341-343.
- Nicholson WL, Allen KE, McQuiston JH, Breitsschwerdt EB, Little SE (2010): The increasing recognation of ricketsial pathogens in dogs and people. Trends Prasitol, 26, 205-212.
- Pacheco RC, Venzal JM, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB (2006): Rickettsia parkeri in Uruguay. Emerg Infec Dis, 12, 1804–1805.
- Paddock CD, Brenner O, Vaid C, Boyd DB, Berg JM, Joseph RJ, Zaki SR, Childs JE (2002): Short report: concurrent Rocky Mountain spotted fever in a dog and its owner. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 66, 197– 199.
- Parola P, Davoust B, Raoult D (2005a): Tick and flea- borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses. Vet Res, 36, 469-492.
- Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D (2005b): Tick borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev, 18, 719– 756.
- Parola P, Raoult D (2001): Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin Infect Dis, 32, 897–928.
- Pinter A, Labruna MB (2006): Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in cell culture from the tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil. Ann NY Acad. Sci, 1078, 523–529.
- Raoult D, Roux V (1997): Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev, 10, 694–719.
- Saito TB, Pacheco NA, Ferreira RC, Pappen FG, Farias NA, Larsson CE, Labruna MB (2008): Canine infection by rickettsiae and ehrlichiae in southern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 79, 102-108.
- Solano-Gallego L, Kidd L, Trotta M, Di MArco M, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Breitschwerdt E (2006): Febrile illness associated with Rickettsia conorii infection in dogs from Sicily. Emerg Infect Dis, 12, 1985–2188.
- Tekin A, Gözalan A, Çöplü N, Yılmaz G, Köksal İ, Esen B, Ertek M (2010): The seropositivity and risk factors for rickettsial infections in selected areas from Black Sea Region of Turkey. Dicle Medical J, 37, 204-210.
- The Center for Food Security & Public Health (CFSPH) (2005): Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Iowa State University. Available at, accessed on 20 October 2012, http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu, p 1-5.
- Vianna MCB, Horta MC, Sangioni LA, Cortez A, Soares RM, Mafra CL, Galvao MAM, Labruna MB, Gennari SM (2008): Ricketsial Spotted Fever in Capoeirao Village, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo, 50, 297-301. Geliş tarihi: 02.12.2012 / Kabul tarihi: 28.03.2013 Address for correspondence: Dr. Sukru Kirkan Bacteriology and Serology Division of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Isikli, 09016, Aydin/Turkey. e-mail: skirkan@adu.edu.tr
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA89PY64GE |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013Volume: 60 Issue: 3 |