Abstract
Yavru ölümlerinin en aza indirilmesi, hayvancılıkta başarının önemli unsurlarından birisini oluşturur. Buzağılama ve sütten kesme aşaması arasında geçen süre hayvanın yaşamında kritik bir süreçtir. Buzağılarda sağlık sorunlarının azaltılması yönünde kullanılan önemli bir araç da kolostrumla beslemedir. Kolostrumun enerji, protein ve vitamin (özellikle A, D, E ve B12) içeriği yüksektir. Daha da önemlisi kolostrum enfeksiyonlar ile savaşmak için gerekli pasif bağışıklık öğelerinden immunglobulinlerin buzağılara aktarılması yönü ile vazgeçilmezdir. Bu çalışma, doğum sonrası kulübelere alınmış ve emzikli kovalar aracılığı ile kolostrum almış yenidoğan Holştayn buzağılarda Ig G düzeyleri ile rutin klinik biyokimya parametreleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla 79 baş buzağından doğumu izleyen 24–48 saat içerisinde kan örnekleri alınarak serumları çıkartılmıştır. Buzağıların pasif transfer düzeylerinin gösterilmesi için Ig G düzeyleri ELISA ile belirlenmiştir. Ig G düzeylerine göre buzağılar üç gruba ayrılmıştır (yetersiz n=13, kısmi n=14, ve normal pasif transfer n=52). Serum örneklerinde ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, LDH aktiviteleri ve BUN, kreatinin, albumin, toplam protein, toplam bilirubin, trigliserid, kolesterol ve glikoz düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Kolostrum ile normal pasif transfer sağlayan buzağılarda serum GGT aktivitesi, toplam protein ve üre düzeyleri diğer pasif transfer gruplarına göre artış göstermiş ve artış istatistik yönden önemli bulunmuştur (p≤0.05). İncelenen diğer parametrelere ilişkin sonuçlarda pasif transfer grupları arasında istatistik olarak önemli farklılıklar gözlenmemiştir (p≥0.05). Sonuç olarak serum GGT düzeyinin buzağılarda pasif transfer durumunu belirlemede iyi bir kriter olabileceği, fakat toplam protein ve üre düzeylerinin tek başına olmasa da GGT düzeyi ile birlikte değerlendirilmeye alındığı taktirde faydalı olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır
Keywords
References
- Arguello A, Castro N, Zamorano MK, Castroalonso A, Capote J (2004): Passive transfer of immunity in kid goats fed refrigerated and frozen goat colostrum and commercial sheep colostrum. Small Ruminant Research, 54, 237-241.
- Britti D, Massimmini G, Angelo P, Luciani A, Boari A (2005): Evaluation of serum enzyme activities as predictors of passive transfer status in lambs. JAVMA, 226, 951-955.
- Crisman MV, Scarratt, WK (2008): Immunodeficiency disorders in Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 24, 299–310.
- Diker KS (1998): İmmunoloji. Medisan Yayınevi. Ankara.
- Duzgunes O, Kesici T, Gurbuz F (1983): İstatistik Metodlari. Ankara Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Yayinlari No 861, Ankara Universitesi Basimevi, Ankara, Turkey.
- Giguère S, Polkes AC (2005). Immunologic disorders in neonal foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 21, 241–272.
- Hauser MA, Koob MD, Roth JA (1986): Variation of neutrophil function with age in calves. Am J Vet Res, 47, 152-3.
- Jaster EH (2005): Evaluation of quality, quantity, and timing of colostrum feeding on immunglobulin G1 absorbtion in Jersey calves. J Dairy Sci 88, 296-3002
- Karagul H, Altintas A, Fidanci UR, Sel T (2000): Klinik Biyokimya. Medisan Yayinlari, Ankara, Turkey.
- Korhonen H, Marnila P, Gill HS (2000): Milk immunoglobulins and complement factors. Br J Nutr 84, Suppl 1:S75-80.
- Kung L, “The Importance of Colostrum for Calves” 12.12. 2009 _colostrum_for_calv.htm>
- Maden M, Birdane FM, Altunok V, Dere S (2004): Serum and colostrum/milk alkaline phosphatase activities in the determination of passive transfer status in healthy lambs. Revue med Vet 155, 565-569.
- Parish SM, Tyler JW, Besser TE, Gay CC, Krytenberg D (1997): Prediction of Serum IgG1 concentration in holstein calves using serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity. J Vet Intern Med 11, 344-347.
- Stelwagen K, Carpenter E, Haigh B, Hodgkinson A, Wheeler TT (2008): Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk. J Anim Sci. 87(13 Suppl), 3-9.
- Tyler JW, Hancock DD, Parish SM, Rea DE, Besser TE, Sanders SG, Wilson LK (1996): Evaluation of 3 assays for failure of passive transfer in calves. J Vet Intern Med. 10, 304-7.
- Waver DM, Tyler JW, Vanmetre DC, Hostetler DE, Barrington GM (2000): Passive transfer of colostral immunglobulins in calves. J Vet Intern Med 14, 569-577
- Willard MD, Tvedten H (2004): Small animal clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. Saunders, MO, USA.
- Wittum TE, Perino LJ (1995): Passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 and long-term health and performance of calves. Am J Vet Res, 56, 1149-1154.
- Zanker IA, Hammon MH, Blum WJ (2001): Activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of calves fed first colostrum at 0–2, 6–7,12–13 and 24–25h after birth. J Vet Med 48, 179-185.
- Zarilli A, Micera E, Lacarpia N, Lombardi P, Pero ME, Pelagalli A, Angelo D, Mattia M, Avallone L (2003): Evaluation of goat colostrum quality by determining enzyme activity levels. Livest Prod Sci 83, 317-320.
Abstract
The minimisation of neonatal mortality is critical for the success of an animal management programme. The period between calving and weaning is the most crucial period in the animal's life. A major management tool that could be used to reduce health problems in calves is feeding with colostrum. Colostrum is rich in energy, protein and vitamins (especially vitamins A, D, E and B12). Most importantly, colostrum is essential for newborns, in that it contains high levels of immunoglobulins, which transfer passive immunity to the calf, and thereby, enable it to fight with infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between serum Ig G levels and routine biochemical parameters in neonatal Holstein calves given colostrum with teat buckets separated soon after calving. For this purpose, serum was extracted from blood samples collected from 79 calves within 24–48 hours of calving. The passive transfer status of the calves was determined by measuring the Ig G content of serum by ELISA. Based on their serum Ig G levels, the calves were divided into 3 groups (insufficient n=13; partial n=14; and normal passive transfer n=52). Serum ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, LDH activities and serum BUN, creatinine, albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose levels were analysed. A statistically significant increase was determined in the serum GGT activity and total protein and urea levels of calves with normal passive immunity transfer by colostrum, compared to the other passive transfer groups (p<0.05). Even though slight differences were observed between groups regarding the remaining biochemical parameters, there is no significant differences were observed between the passive transfer groups for the other assayed parameters (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results showed that total protein and BUN levels in combination with the serum-GGT activity as a reliable criterion for the determination of passive transfer status can be used in newborn calves
References
- Arguello A, Castro N, Zamorano MK, Castroalonso A, Capote J (2004): Passive transfer of immunity in kid goats fed refrigerated and frozen goat colostrum and commercial sheep colostrum. Small Ruminant Research, 54, 237-241.
- Britti D, Massimmini G, Angelo P, Luciani A, Boari A (2005): Evaluation of serum enzyme activities as predictors of passive transfer status in lambs. JAVMA, 226, 951-955.
- Crisman MV, Scarratt, WK (2008): Immunodeficiency disorders in Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 24, 299–310.
- Diker KS (1998): İmmunoloji. Medisan Yayınevi. Ankara.
- Duzgunes O, Kesici T, Gurbuz F (1983): İstatistik Metodlari. Ankara Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Yayinlari No 861, Ankara Universitesi Basimevi, Ankara, Turkey.
- Giguère S, Polkes AC (2005). Immunologic disorders in neonal foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 21, 241–272.
- Hauser MA, Koob MD, Roth JA (1986): Variation of neutrophil function with age in calves. Am J Vet Res, 47, 152-3.
- Jaster EH (2005): Evaluation of quality, quantity, and timing of colostrum feeding on immunglobulin G1 absorbtion in Jersey calves. J Dairy Sci 88, 296-3002
- Karagul H, Altintas A, Fidanci UR, Sel T (2000): Klinik Biyokimya. Medisan Yayinlari, Ankara, Turkey.
- Korhonen H, Marnila P, Gill HS (2000): Milk immunoglobulins and complement factors. Br J Nutr 84, Suppl 1:S75-80.
- Kung L, “The Importance of Colostrum for Calves” 12.12. 2009 _colostrum_for_calv.htm>
- Maden M, Birdane FM, Altunok V, Dere S (2004): Serum and colostrum/milk alkaline phosphatase activities in the determination of passive transfer status in healthy lambs. Revue med Vet 155, 565-569.
- Parish SM, Tyler JW, Besser TE, Gay CC, Krytenberg D (1997): Prediction of Serum IgG1 concentration in holstein calves using serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity. J Vet Intern Med 11, 344-347.
- Stelwagen K, Carpenter E, Haigh B, Hodgkinson A, Wheeler TT (2008): Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk. J Anim Sci. 87(13 Suppl), 3-9.
- Tyler JW, Hancock DD, Parish SM, Rea DE, Besser TE, Sanders SG, Wilson LK (1996): Evaluation of 3 assays for failure of passive transfer in calves. J Vet Intern Med. 10, 304-7.
- Waver DM, Tyler JW, Vanmetre DC, Hostetler DE, Barrington GM (2000): Passive transfer of colostral immunglobulins in calves. J Vet Intern Med 14, 569-577
- Willard MD, Tvedten H (2004): Small animal clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. Saunders, MO, USA.
- Wittum TE, Perino LJ (1995): Passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 and long-term health and performance of calves. Am J Vet Res, 56, 1149-1154.
- Zanker IA, Hammon MH, Blum WJ (2001): Activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of calves fed first colostrum at 0–2, 6–7,12–13 and 24–25h after birth. J Vet Med 48, 179-185.
- Zarilli A, Micera E, Lacarpia N, Lombardi P, Pero ME, Pelagalli A, Angelo D, Mattia M, Avallone L (2003): Evaluation of goat colostrum quality by determining enzyme activity levels. Livest Prod Sci 83, 317-320.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA83YG79ZJ |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013Volume: 60 Issue: 2 |