Letter to Editor
The effects of additional organic copper and organic zinc trace minerals on accumulation and elimination levels in female kids
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the accumulation of copper and zinc in serum, hair and feaces of goats fed diets supplemented with organic Cu and Zn at levels of 25% lower than NRC (12) recommendations. Totally female kids were divided equally into two groups fed rations supplemented with organic (treatment, n=12) and inorganic (control, n=12) copper and zinc. Treatment diets was supplemented with 5.25 mg/kg DM copper chelate (2-hydroxy–4-methylthiobutyrate) and 15 mg/kg DM zinc chelate (2-hydroxy–4-methylthiobutyrate) whereas control diet was supplemented 7 mg/kg DM copper sulphate, 20 mg/kg DM zinc sulphate in the ration. At the end of the experiment in both treatments copper and zinc levels in serum and copper and zinc levels in hair samples were found higher than the average values at the beginning of the experiment, but the difference between the average values were not statistically significant. The average copper and zinc levels in serum and copper levels in hair samples of treatment group were found numerically higher than control group. Moreover the average zinc levels in hair samples were also numerically higher in control group. At the end of the study, the average faeces copper and zinc levels (P<0.001) were significantly lower in the treatment group. Although organic copper and zinc were given to the female kids in low levels (at level of 25%), we confirmed that this amount gave similar results to inorganic copper and zinc and organic minerals were found at lower levels in the faeces
References
- Armstrong TA, CookDR, Ward MM, Williams CM, Spears JW (2004): Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci, 82, 1234–1240.
- Bao YM, Choct M, Iji PA, Bruerton K (2007): Effect of organically complexed copper, iron, manganese and zinc on broiler performance, mineral excretion and accumulation in tissues. J Appl Poultry Res, 16, 448–455.
- Boland MP (2003): Trace minerals in production and reproduction in dairy cows. Adv Dairy Tech, 15, 319.
- Carlson MS, Boren CA, Wu C, Huntington CE, Bollinger DW, Veum TL (2004): Evaluation of various inclusion rates of organic zinc either as polysaccharide or proteinate complex on the growth performance, plasma and excretion of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci, 82, 1359–1366.
- Case CL, Carlson MS (2002): Effect of feeding organic and inorganic sources of additional zinc on growth performance and zinc balance in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci, 80, 1917–1924.
- Coffey RD, Cromwell GL, Monegue HJ (1994): Efficacy of a copper-lysine complex as a growth promotant for weanling pigs. J Anim Sci, 72, 2880–2886.
- Eckert GE, Grene LW, Carstens GE, Ramsey WSJ (1999): Copper status of ewes fed increasing amounts of copper from copper sulfate or copper proteinate, J Anim Sci, 77, 244–249.
- Eren V, Atay O, Gökdal Ö (2011): Organik bakır ve çinko’nun toklularda canlı ağırlık, serum ve yapağıdaki düzeyleri üzerine etkisi, Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 17, 95–99.
- Kuhlman G, Rompala RE (1998): The influence of dietary sources of zinc, copper and manganese on canine reproducti ve performance and hair mineral content. J Nutr, 128, 2603-2605.
- Lee SH, Choi SC, Chae BJ, Acda SP, Han YK (2001): Effect of feeding different chelated copper and zinc sources on growth performance and fecal excretions of weanling pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci, 14, 1616–1620.
- Leeson S (2003): A new look at trace minerals nutrition of poultry: Can we reduce environmental burden of poultry manure? In: Lyons TP, Jacques KA, Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries, Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium. Nottingham University Press. Nottingham, United Kingdom. p: 125– 131.
- Lowe JA, Wiseman J, Cole DJA (1994): Zinc source infl uences zinc retention in hair and hair growth in the dog. J Nutr, 124, 2575-2576.
- Mondal S, Paul SK, Bairagi B, Pakhira MC, Biswas P (2008): Comparative studies of reducing level of organic with inorganic trace minerals supplementation on the performance, nutrient digesti bility and mineral balance in cross-bred male calves. Livestock Research for Rural Develelopment, 2008. Arti cle #112. Retrieved October 25, 2008. [htt p://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd20/7/mond20112.htm]. National Research Council (1985): Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, 6th revised edition, National Academiy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
- Nocek JE, Socha MT, Tomlinson DJ (2006): The effect of trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle, J Dairy Sci, 89, 2679–2693.
- Nockels CF, Debonis J, Torrent J (1993): Stress induction affects Cu and Zn balance in calves fed organic and inorganic Cu and Zn sources. J Anim Sci, 71, 2539- 2545.
- Nollet L, Huyghebaert G, Spring P (2008): Effect of different levels of dietary organic (Bioplex) trace minerals on live performance of broiler chickens by growth phases. J Appl Poultry Res, 17, 109-115.
- Rojas LX, McDowell LR, Cousins RJ, Martin FG, Wilkinson NS, Johnson AB, Velasquez JB (1995): Relative bioavailability of two organic and two inorganic zinc sources fed to sheep, J Anim Sci, 73, 1202–1207.
- Rojas LX, McDowell LR, Martin FG, Wilkinson NS, Johnson AB, Nijeru CA (1996): Relative bioavailability of zinc methionin and two inorganic zinc sources fed to cattle. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 10, 205-209.
- Ryan PJ, Kearns P, Quinn T (2002): Bioavailability of dietary copper and zinc in adult Texel sheep: A comperative study of the effects of sulphate and bioplex supplementation. Irish Vet J, 55, 221-224.
- Salama Ahmed AK, Caja G, Albanell E, Such X, Casals R, Plaixtas J (2003): Effects of dietary supplements of zinc-methionine on milk production, udder health and zinc metabolism in dairy goats. J Dairy Res, 70, 9-17.
- Spears JW (1996): Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 58, 151-163.
- Spears JW (2003): Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants. J Nutr, 133, 1506-1509.
- Spears JW, Kegley EB (2002): Effect of zinc source (zinc oxide vs zinc proteinate) and level on performance, carcass characteristi cs, and immune response of growing and fi nishing steers. J Anim Sci, 80, 2747-2752.
- Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V (1995): Biyoistatistik, Özdemir Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Underwood EJ, Sutt le NF (1999): The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 3rd ed. 294-482, CABI Publishing, UK.
- Wagner JJ, Lacey JL, Engle TL (2008): The effect of organic trace minerals on feedyard performance and carcass merit in crossbred yearling steers, Prof Anim Sci, 24, 420-429.
- Ward TL, Asche GL, Louis GF, Pollmann DS (1996): Zinc-methionine improves growth performance of starter pigs. J Anim Sci, 74, 182 (Abstr.).
- Wright CL, Spears JW (2001): Effects of zinc source and dietary level on zinc metabolism in Holstein bull calves. J Anim Sci, 79, 86 (Abstr.). Geliş tarihi: 09.04.2012 / Kabul tarihi: 06.11.2012 Address for correspondence: Dr.Vadullah Eren Adnan Menderes University, Çine Vocational School, 09500, Çine-Aydın, Turkey e-mail: erenvadullah@yahoo.com
Rasyona eklenen organik bakır ve organik çinko iz minerallerinin dişi oğlaklarda birikim ve atılma düzeyleri üzerine etkisi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, NRC (12) tarafından keçiler için önerilen düzeylerin %25’i oranında azaltılarak rasyona eklenen organik yapıdaki bakır (Cu) ve çinko (Zn) minerallerinin serum ve kıldaki mineral birikim düzeyi ile dışkıda atılan mineral düzeyine etkisini değerlendirmek için yapıldı. Oğlaklar biri organik (deneme, n=12) ve diğeri inorganik (kontrol, n=12) bakır ve çinko minerallerini içeren rasyon verilen iki gruba ayrıldı. Deneme grubuna 5.25 mg/kg KM bakır-şelat (2-hydroxy–4-methylthiobutyrate) ve 15 mg/kg KM çinko-şelat (2-hydroxy–4-methylthiobutyrate), kontrol grubuna ise 7 mg/kg KM bakır-sülfat, 20 mg/kg KM çinko-sülfat verildi. Deneme sonunda her iki grubun serum bakır ve serum çinko ile kıl bakır ve kıl çinko ortalama değerlerinin deneme başına göre daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu, ancak ortalama değerler arasındaki farkın istatistiksel açıdan önemli olmadığı belirlendi. Serum bakır ve serum çinko ile kıl bakır ortalama değerlerinin deneme grubunda, kıl çinko ortalama değerinin ise kontrol grubunda rakamsal olarak daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu saptandı. Dışkı bakır ve dışkı çinko ortalama düzeylerinin deneme grubunda kontrol grubuna göre önemli oranda (P<0.001) düşük olduğu belirlendi. Organik bakır ve organik çinkonun oğlak rasyonunda %25 oranında daha düşük düzeyde kullanılmalarına rağmen inorganik bakır ve inorganik çinko ile benzer ve dışkıda daha düşük bir sonuç ortaya koydukları saptanmıştır
References
- Armstrong TA, CookDR, Ward MM, Williams CM, Spears JW (2004): Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci, 82, 1234–1240.
- Bao YM, Choct M, Iji PA, Bruerton K (2007): Effect of organically complexed copper, iron, manganese and zinc on broiler performance, mineral excretion and accumulation in tissues. J Appl Poultry Res, 16, 448–455.
- Boland MP (2003): Trace minerals in production and reproduction in dairy cows. Adv Dairy Tech, 15, 319.
- Carlson MS, Boren CA, Wu C, Huntington CE, Bollinger DW, Veum TL (2004): Evaluation of various inclusion rates of organic zinc either as polysaccharide or proteinate complex on the growth performance, plasma and excretion of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci, 82, 1359–1366.
- Case CL, Carlson MS (2002): Effect of feeding organic and inorganic sources of additional zinc on growth performance and zinc balance in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci, 80, 1917–1924.
- Coffey RD, Cromwell GL, Monegue HJ (1994): Efficacy of a copper-lysine complex as a growth promotant for weanling pigs. J Anim Sci, 72, 2880–2886.
- Eckert GE, Grene LW, Carstens GE, Ramsey WSJ (1999): Copper status of ewes fed increasing amounts of copper from copper sulfate or copper proteinate, J Anim Sci, 77, 244–249.
- Eren V, Atay O, Gökdal Ö (2011): Organik bakır ve çinko’nun toklularda canlı ağırlık, serum ve yapağıdaki düzeyleri üzerine etkisi, Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 17, 95–99.
- Kuhlman G, Rompala RE (1998): The influence of dietary sources of zinc, copper and manganese on canine reproducti ve performance and hair mineral content. J Nutr, 128, 2603-2605.
- Lee SH, Choi SC, Chae BJ, Acda SP, Han YK (2001): Effect of feeding different chelated copper and zinc sources on growth performance and fecal excretions of weanling pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci, 14, 1616–1620.
- Leeson S (2003): A new look at trace minerals nutrition of poultry: Can we reduce environmental burden of poultry manure? In: Lyons TP, Jacques KA, Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries, Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium. Nottingham University Press. Nottingham, United Kingdom. p: 125– 131.
- Lowe JA, Wiseman J, Cole DJA (1994): Zinc source infl uences zinc retention in hair and hair growth in the dog. J Nutr, 124, 2575-2576.
- Mondal S, Paul SK, Bairagi B, Pakhira MC, Biswas P (2008): Comparative studies of reducing level of organic with inorganic trace minerals supplementation on the performance, nutrient digesti bility and mineral balance in cross-bred male calves. Livestock Research for Rural Develelopment, 2008. Arti cle #112. Retrieved October 25, 2008. [htt p://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd20/7/mond20112.htm]. National Research Council (1985): Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, 6th revised edition, National Academiy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
- Nocek JE, Socha MT, Tomlinson DJ (2006): The effect of trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle, J Dairy Sci, 89, 2679–2693.
- Nockels CF, Debonis J, Torrent J (1993): Stress induction affects Cu and Zn balance in calves fed organic and inorganic Cu and Zn sources. J Anim Sci, 71, 2539- 2545.
- Nollet L, Huyghebaert G, Spring P (2008): Effect of different levels of dietary organic (Bioplex) trace minerals on live performance of broiler chickens by growth phases. J Appl Poultry Res, 17, 109-115.
- Rojas LX, McDowell LR, Cousins RJ, Martin FG, Wilkinson NS, Johnson AB, Velasquez JB (1995): Relative bioavailability of two organic and two inorganic zinc sources fed to sheep, J Anim Sci, 73, 1202–1207.
- Rojas LX, McDowell LR, Martin FG, Wilkinson NS, Johnson AB, Nijeru CA (1996): Relative bioavailability of zinc methionin and two inorganic zinc sources fed to cattle. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 10, 205-209.
- Ryan PJ, Kearns P, Quinn T (2002): Bioavailability of dietary copper and zinc in adult Texel sheep: A comperative study of the effects of sulphate and bioplex supplementation. Irish Vet J, 55, 221-224.
- Salama Ahmed AK, Caja G, Albanell E, Such X, Casals R, Plaixtas J (2003): Effects of dietary supplements of zinc-methionine on milk production, udder health and zinc metabolism in dairy goats. J Dairy Res, 70, 9-17.
- Spears JW (1996): Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 58, 151-163.
- Spears JW (2003): Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants. J Nutr, 133, 1506-1509.
- Spears JW, Kegley EB (2002): Effect of zinc source (zinc oxide vs zinc proteinate) and level on performance, carcass characteristi cs, and immune response of growing and fi nishing steers. J Anim Sci, 80, 2747-2752.
- Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V (1995): Biyoistatistik, Özdemir Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Underwood EJ, Sutt le NF (1999): The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 3rd ed. 294-482, CABI Publishing, UK.
- Wagner JJ, Lacey JL, Engle TL (2008): The effect of organic trace minerals on feedyard performance and carcass merit in crossbred yearling steers, Prof Anim Sci, 24, 420-429.
- Ward TL, Asche GL, Louis GF, Pollmann DS (1996): Zinc-methionine improves growth performance of starter pigs. J Anim Sci, 74, 182 (Abstr.).
- Wright CL, Spears JW (2001): Effects of zinc source and dietary level on zinc metabolism in Holstein bull calves. J Anim Sci, 79, 86 (Abstr.). Geliş tarihi: 09.04.2012 / Kabul tarihi: 06.11.2012 Address for correspondence: Dr.Vadullah Eren Adnan Menderes University, Çine Vocational School, 09500, Çine-Aydın, Turkey e-mail: erenvadullah@yahoo.com
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA27AJ65NF |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013Volume: 60 Issue: 2 |