Research Article
Identification of bacteria isolated from dairy goats with subclinical mastitis and investigation of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine methicillin and vancomycin resistance phenotypically by agar disc diffusion method (ADDM) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and genotypically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from goat milk. A total of 466 milk samples were collected from 233 goats in herds with mastitis problems in Burdur province of Turkey. The microorganisms were isolated from 122 (26.18%) of goat milk samples and among these microorganisms 53 (42.06%) were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), 43 (34.23%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 16 (12.08%) were Escherichia coli, 10 (7.94%) were Candida spp. and 4 (3.17%) were Brucella melitensis. Seven of S. aureus isolates were determined resistant to methicillin by ADDM and five of these isolates were found resistant to methicillin by MIC. mecA and vanA genes can not be determined in S. aureus isolates by PCR. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to vancomycin by ADDM and MIC test. In conclusion, S. aureus and CNS are found to be the most isolated species from goat milk in Burdur province. In addition to that, the absence of mecA and vanA genes in the S. aureus isolated from goat milk showed that goat milk does not play a significant role in the spreading of MRSA.
Keywords
References
- 1. Aras Z, Aydin I, Kav K (2012): Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from caprine mastitis cases, Small Rum Res, 102, 68-73.
- 2. Ardic N, Sareyyupoglu B, Ozyurt M, Haznedaroglu T, Ilga U (2006): Investigations of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, Microbiol Res, 161, 49–54.
- 3. Aydin I, Hadimli HH, Celik HA, Sayin Z (2007): Evaluation of california mastitis test (CMT) for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in hair goats, Vet Bil Derg, 23, 5-12.
- 4. Bergonier D, Cremoux R, Rupp R, Lagriffoul G, Berthelot X (2003): Mastitis of dairy small ruminants, Vet Res, 34, 689-716.
- 5. Bochev I, Russenova N (2005): Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis, Bulg J Vet Med, 8, 109-118.
- 6. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2002): Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin-United States, MMWR Morb Mortal. WKLY Rep, 51, 565-567.
- 7. Chambers HF (1997): Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci: Molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications, Clin Microbiol Rev, 10, 781–791.
- 8. Choi SM, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee DG, Choi JH, Yoo JH, Kang JH, Shin WS, Kang MW (2003): Multiplex pcr for the detection of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus species, J Korean Med Sci, 18, 631-636.
- 9. Clark NC, Cooksey RC, Hill BC, Swenson JM, Tenover FC (1993) Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococci from U.S. hospitals, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 37, 2311-2317.
- 10. Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI) (2006): Performance standarts for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; CLSI document, 16th informational supplement, M100-S16, Wayne, PA.
- 11. Contreras A, Luengo C, Sanchez A, Corrales JC (2003): The role of intramammary pathogens in dairy goats, Livestock Production Science, 79, 273-283.
- 12. Duijkeren E, Box ATA, Heck MEOC, Wannet WJB, Fluit AC (2004): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci isolated from animals, Vet Microbiol, 103, 91–97.
- 13. Gebrewahid TT, Abera BH, Menghistu HT (2012): Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in small ruminants of tigray regional state, North Ethiopia, Vet World, 5,103-109.
- 14. Hiramatsu K (2001): Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A new model of antibiotic resistance, Lancet, 1, 148-155.
- 15. Ilhan Z, Tasal I, Sagcan S, Solmaz H (2011): Isolation of aerobic bacteria from goat milk with subclinical mastitis, YYU Vet Fak Derg, 22: 89-91.
- 16. Kaszanyitzky E, Janosi S, Egyed Z, Agost G, Semjen G (2003): Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci from humans, food and different animal species according to data of the Hungarian resistance monitoring system in 2001, Acta Vet Hung, 51, 451-464.
- 17. Lee JH (2003): Methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains ısolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans, Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, 6489–6494.
- 18. Lee JH, Jeong JM, Park YH, Choi SS, Kim YH, Chae JS, Moon JS, Park H, Kim S, Eo SK (2004): Evaluation of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-screen latex agglutination test for detection of MRSA of animal origin, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 2780-2782.
- 19. Macun HC, Yagci IP, Unal N, Kalender H, Sakarya F, Yildirim M (2011): Agent isolation and antibiotic resistance in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in Kirikkale, Erciyes Univ Vet Fak Derg, 8, 83-89.
- 20. Mehrothra M, Wang G, Johnson WM (2000): Multiplex pcr for detection of genes for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and Methicillin Resistance, J Clin Microbiol, 38, 1032-1035.
- 21. Moon JS, Lee AR, Kang HM, Lee ES, Kim MN, Paik YH, Park YH, Joo YS, Koo HC (2007): Phenotypic and genetic antibiogram of methicilli-resistant Staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in Korea, J Dairy Sci, 90, 1176-1185.
- 22. Noble WC, Virani CZ, Cree RG (1992): Cotransfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 72: 195-198.
- 23. Saha B, Singh AK, Ghosh A, Bal M (2008): Identification and characterization of a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Koklata (South Asia), J Med Microbiol, 57, 72-79.
- 24. Sancak B (2007): Methicillin and vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Hacettepe Tıp Derg, 38, 127-134.
- 25. Seguin, JC, Walker RD, Caron JP, Kloos WE, George CG, Hollis RJ, Jones RN, Pfaller MA (1999): Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a veterinary teaching hospital: Potential human-to-animal transmission, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 1459-1463.
- 26. Sevinti DA and Sahin M (2009): Determining of β-lactamase activity and resistance against some antibiotics of Staphylococcus strains isolated from bovine mastitis, Vet Bil Derg, 25, 23-28.
- 27. Sievert DM, Rudrik JT, Patel JB, Mcdonald LC, Wilkins MJ, Hageman JC (2008): Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002–2006, Clin Infect Dis, 46, 668-674.
- 28. Silva, ER, Siqueira AP, Martins JCD, Ferreira WPB, Silva N (2004): Identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from goat mastitis in the Northeast of Brazil, Small Rum Res, 55, 45-49.
- 29. Smith TL, Pearson ML, Wilcox KR, Cruz C, Lancaster MV, Robinson-Dunn B, Tenover FC, Zervos MJ, Band JD, White E, Jarvıs WR (1999): Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, New Engl J Med, 340, 493-501.
- 30. Stastkova Z, Karpiskova S, Karpiskova R (2009): Findings of Methicillin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Livestock, Czech J Food Sci, 27, 419-426.
- 31. Sousa MA, Parente CESR, Motta OV, Bonna ICF, Silva DA, Lencastre H (2007): Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Buffalo, Bovine, Ovine and Caprine Milk Samples Collected in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 3845-3849.
- 32. Tel OY, Keskin O (2011): Some Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcal Strains Isolated from Cows with Subclinical Mastitis, YYU Vet Fak Derg, 2011, 22, 17 -21.
- 33. Tenover FC, Moellering RC (2007):The Rationale for Revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standarda Institute Vancomycin Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Interpretive Criteria for Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Infect Dis, 44, 1208-15.
- 34. Turutoglu H, Hasoksuz M, Ozturk D, M. Yildirim, S. Sagnak (2009): Methicillin and aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis and sequence analysis of their mecA genes, Vet Res Commun, 33, 945-956.
- 35. Umaru GA, Kabir J, Umoh VJ, Bello M and Kwaga JKP (2014): Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in fresh and fermented milk in Nigeria: A preliminary report, Int J Public Health and Epidemiol, 3, 054-058, August.
- 36. Winn WJ, Allen S, Janda W, Koneman E, Procop G, Schreckenberger P, Woods G (2006): Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococci and Related Gram-Positive Cocci, Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 624-648.
- 37. Virdis S, Scarano C, Cossu F, Spanu V, Spanu C, Santis EPL (2010): Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Goats With Subclinical Mastitis, Vet Med Internal, doi:10.4061/2010/517060.
- 38. Vyletova M, Hanus O, Karpiskova R, Stastkova Z (2011): Occurence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Staphylococci isolated from Goat Sheep and Cows Milk, Acta Univ Agric et Silvic Mendel Brun, LIX, 3, 209–214.
Subklinik mastitisli keçilerden izole edilen bakterilerin identifikasyonu ve metisilin ve vankomisin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus suşlarının araştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, keçi sütlerinden izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarında fenotipik ve genotipik metisilin ve vankomisin direncinin agar disk difüzyon (ADDM), minimal inhibitory konsantrasyon (MİK) ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) metodları ile belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, Burdur ilinde mastitis problemi yaşanan sürülerde bulunan 233 adet keçiden 466 adet süt örneği toplandı. Keçi sütlerinin 122 (%26.18)’sinden mikroorganizma izole edildi. İzole edilen mikroorganizmaların 53 (%42.06)’ü koagülaz negatif stafilokok (KNS), 43 (%34.23)’ü Staphylococcus aureus, 16 (%12.08)’sı Escherichia coli, 10 (%7.94)’u Candida spp. ve 4 (%3.17)’ü ise Brucella melitensis olarak belirlendi. Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarının 7’si ADDM ile metisiline dirençli bulunurken, bu izolatların 5’i MİK ile fenotipik olarak metisiline dirençli bulundu. Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarında mecA ve vanA genleri PZR ile belirlenemedi. Staphylococcus aureus izolatları ADDM ve MİK ile vankomisine duyarlı bulundu. Sonuç olarak S. aureus ve KNS’nin Burdur ilinde keçi sütlerinden en sık izole edilen bakteriler olduğu belirlendi. Bununla birlikte, keçi sütlerinden izole edilen S. aureus suşlarında mecA ve vanA genlerinin saptanamaması, MRSA’nın yayılmasında keçi sütlerinin önemli bir rol oynamadığını göstermiştir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Aras Z, Aydin I, Kav K (2012): Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from caprine mastitis cases, Small Rum Res, 102, 68-73.
- 2. Ardic N, Sareyyupoglu B, Ozyurt M, Haznedaroglu T, Ilga U (2006): Investigations of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, Microbiol Res, 161, 49–54.
- 3. Aydin I, Hadimli HH, Celik HA, Sayin Z (2007): Evaluation of california mastitis test (CMT) for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in hair goats, Vet Bil Derg, 23, 5-12.
- 4. Bergonier D, Cremoux R, Rupp R, Lagriffoul G, Berthelot X (2003): Mastitis of dairy small ruminants, Vet Res, 34, 689-716.
- 5. Bochev I, Russenova N (2005): Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis, Bulg J Vet Med, 8, 109-118.
- 6. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2002): Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin-United States, MMWR Morb Mortal. WKLY Rep, 51, 565-567.
- 7. Chambers HF (1997): Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci: Molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications, Clin Microbiol Rev, 10, 781–791.
- 8. Choi SM, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee DG, Choi JH, Yoo JH, Kang JH, Shin WS, Kang MW (2003): Multiplex pcr for the detection of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus species, J Korean Med Sci, 18, 631-636.
- 9. Clark NC, Cooksey RC, Hill BC, Swenson JM, Tenover FC (1993) Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococci from U.S. hospitals, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 37, 2311-2317.
- 10. Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institute (CLSI) (2006): Performance standarts for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; CLSI document, 16th informational supplement, M100-S16, Wayne, PA.
- 11. Contreras A, Luengo C, Sanchez A, Corrales JC (2003): The role of intramammary pathogens in dairy goats, Livestock Production Science, 79, 273-283.
- 12. Duijkeren E, Box ATA, Heck MEOC, Wannet WJB, Fluit AC (2004): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci isolated from animals, Vet Microbiol, 103, 91–97.
- 13. Gebrewahid TT, Abera BH, Menghistu HT (2012): Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in small ruminants of tigray regional state, North Ethiopia, Vet World, 5,103-109.
- 14. Hiramatsu K (2001): Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A new model of antibiotic resistance, Lancet, 1, 148-155.
- 15. Ilhan Z, Tasal I, Sagcan S, Solmaz H (2011): Isolation of aerobic bacteria from goat milk with subclinical mastitis, YYU Vet Fak Derg, 22: 89-91.
- 16. Kaszanyitzky E, Janosi S, Egyed Z, Agost G, Semjen G (2003): Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci from humans, food and different animal species according to data of the Hungarian resistance monitoring system in 2001, Acta Vet Hung, 51, 451-464.
- 17. Lee JH (2003): Methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains ısolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans, Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, 6489–6494.
- 18. Lee JH, Jeong JM, Park YH, Choi SS, Kim YH, Chae JS, Moon JS, Park H, Kim S, Eo SK (2004): Evaluation of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-screen latex agglutination test for detection of MRSA of animal origin, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 2780-2782.
- 19. Macun HC, Yagci IP, Unal N, Kalender H, Sakarya F, Yildirim M (2011): Agent isolation and antibiotic resistance in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in Kirikkale, Erciyes Univ Vet Fak Derg, 8, 83-89.
- 20. Mehrothra M, Wang G, Johnson WM (2000): Multiplex pcr for detection of genes for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and Methicillin Resistance, J Clin Microbiol, 38, 1032-1035.
- 21. Moon JS, Lee AR, Kang HM, Lee ES, Kim MN, Paik YH, Park YH, Joo YS, Koo HC (2007): Phenotypic and genetic antibiogram of methicilli-resistant Staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in Korea, J Dairy Sci, 90, 1176-1185.
- 22. Noble WC, Virani CZ, Cree RG (1992): Cotransfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 72: 195-198.
- 23. Saha B, Singh AK, Ghosh A, Bal M (2008): Identification and characterization of a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Koklata (South Asia), J Med Microbiol, 57, 72-79.
- 24. Sancak B (2007): Methicillin and vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Hacettepe Tıp Derg, 38, 127-134.
- 25. Seguin, JC, Walker RD, Caron JP, Kloos WE, George CG, Hollis RJ, Jones RN, Pfaller MA (1999): Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a veterinary teaching hospital: Potential human-to-animal transmission, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 1459-1463.
- 26. Sevinti DA and Sahin M (2009): Determining of β-lactamase activity and resistance against some antibiotics of Staphylococcus strains isolated from bovine mastitis, Vet Bil Derg, 25, 23-28.
- 27. Sievert DM, Rudrik JT, Patel JB, Mcdonald LC, Wilkins MJ, Hageman JC (2008): Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2002–2006, Clin Infect Dis, 46, 668-674.
- 28. Silva, ER, Siqueira AP, Martins JCD, Ferreira WPB, Silva N (2004): Identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from goat mastitis in the Northeast of Brazil, Small Rum Res, 55, 45-49.
- 29. Smith TL, Pearson ML, Wilcox KR, Cruz C, Lancaster MV, Robinson-Dunn B, Tenover FC, Zervos MJ, Band JD, White E, Jarvıs WR (1999): Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, New Engl J Med, 340, 493-501.
- 30. Stastkova Z, Karpiskova S, Karpiskova R (2009): Findings of Methicillin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Livestock, Czech J Food Sci, 27, 419-426.
- 31. Sousa MA, Parente CESR, Motta OV, Bonna ICF, Silva DA, Lencastre H (2007): Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Buffalo, Bovine, Ovine and Caprine Milk Samples Collected in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 3845-3849.
- 32. Tel OY, Keskin O (2011): Some Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcal Strains Isolated from Cows with Subclinical Mastitis, YYU Vet Fak Derg, 2011, 22, 17 -21.
- 33. Tenover FC, Moellering RC (2007):The Rationale for Revising the Clinical and Laboratory Standarda Institute Vancomycin Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Interpretive Criteria for Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Infect Dis, 44, 1208-15.
- 34. Turutoglu H, Hasoksuz M, Ozturk D, M. Yildirim, S. Sagnak (2009): Methicillin and aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis and sequence analysis of their mecA genes, Vet Res Commun, 33, 945-956.
- 35. Umaru GA, Kabir J, Umoh VJ, Bello M and Kwaga JKP (2014): Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in fresh and fermented milk in Nigeria: A preliminary report, Int J Public Health and Epidemiol, 3, 054-058, August.
- 36. Winn WJ, Allen S, Janda W, Koneman E, Procop G, Schreckenberger P, Woods G (2006): Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococci and Related Gram-Positive Cocci, Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 624-648.
- 37. Virdis S, Scarano C, Cossu F, Spanu V, Spanu C, Santis EPL (2010): Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Goats With Subclinical Mastitis, Vet Med Internal, doi:10.4061/2010/517060.
- 38. Vyletova M, Hanus O, Karpiskova R, Stastkova Z (2011): Occurence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Staphylococci isolated from Goat Sheep and Cows Milk, Acta Univ Agric et Silvic Mendel Brun, LIX, 3, 209–214.
There are 38 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 5, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 66 Issue: 2 |