Research Article
Şam keçilerinde laktasyonun farklı dönemlerinde süt verimi ve süt kalitesi özellikleri: Konsantre ve meraya dayalı besleme sistemleri
Abstract
Bu çalışma, farklı besleme sistemlerindeki Şam keçilerinin laktasyonun farklı dönemlerinde süt verimi ve süt kalite
özelliklerinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Keçiler konsantre yeme ve meraya dayalı olarak iki farklı besleme sistemine
ayrılmıştır. Besleme sistemlerinin, laktasyon süresi üzerine etkisi önemsiz olurken laktasyon süt verimi üzerinde önemli farklılığa
sebep olmuştur. Besleme sistemleri arasında pH, süt kompozisyonu (yağ, laktoz, kuru madde), somatik hücre sayısı ve laktasyonun
erken dönemleri hariç malondialdehit düzeyleri benzer olurken, aynı parametreler üzerinde laktasyon dönemlerinin etkisi önemli
olmuştur. Sütteki Kalsiyum seviyeleri erken laktasyon dönemlerinde besleme sistemleri bakımından farklılık göstermiştir. Ayrıca
laktasyon dönemleri arasında da farklılık meydana gelmiştir. Sütte bulunan diğer mineral maddelerin de laktasyonla beraber azaldığı
tespit edilmiştir. Yağ asidi kompozisyonu besleme sistemlerinden büyük oranda etkilenirken, tüm yağ asitleri laktasyon dönemlerine
göre önemli düzeyde farklılık göstermişlerdir. Meraya dayalı besleme sistemindeki keçilere ait sütler daha düşük toplam doymuş yağ
asidi oranı, aterojenik indeks, trombojenik indeks ve koku indeks değerine sahip olmuştur. Süt yağ asidi kompozisyonu bakımından
meraya dayalı beslenen keçilerden elde edilen süt konsantre yeme dayalı beslenen gruba göre daha sağlıklı bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde
erken laktasyon döneminde üretilen süt, geç laktasyon döneminde üretilene göre daha sağlıklı olmuştur.
References
- Aganga AA, Amarteifio JO, Nkile N (2002): Effect of stage of lactation on nutrient composition of Tswana sheep and goat's milk. J Food Comp Anal, 15, 533-543.
- Akcapinar H, Ozbeyaz C (1999): Hayvan Yetiştiriciliği Temel Bilgileri. Kariyer Matbaacılık, Ankara.
- Ceballos LS, Morales ER, de la Torre Adarve G et al. (2009): Composition of goat and cow milk produced under similar conditions and analyzed by identical methodology. J Food Compos Anal, 22, 322-329.
- Chemineau P, Gauthier D, Poirier JC, et al. (1982): Plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol-17β and progesterone during natural and induced oestrus in the dairy goat. Theriogenology, 17, 313-323.
- Chiofalo B, Liotta L, Zumbo A, et al. (2004): Administration of olive cake for ewe feeding: effect on milk yield and composition. Small Rumin Res, 55, 169-176.
- Das M, Singh M (2000): Variation in blood leucocytes, somatic cell count, yield and composition of milk of crossbred goats. Small Rumin Res, 35, 169-174.
- Decandia M, Cabiddu A, Molle G, et al. (2007): Effect of different feeding systems on fatty acid composition and volatile compound content in goat milk. Options Mediterraneennes, Series A: Advanced Nutrition and Feeding Strategies to Improve Sheep and Goat Production. Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomique Méditerranéennes, Zaragoza, 129-134.
- Department of Health (1994): Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease. Report on health and social subjects, No.46, HMSO, London.
- Eknæs M, Havrevoll Ø, Volden H, et al. (2009): Fat content, fatty acid profile and off-flavours in goats milk— effects of feed concentrates with different fat sources during the grazing season. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 152, 112-122.
- Ergun A, Tuncer SD, Colpan I, et al. (2006): Hayvan besleme ve beslenme hastalıkları. Pozitif matbaacılık, Ankara.
- Erol H, Akcadag HI, Unal N, et al. (2012): Ankara keçilerinde süt verimi ve oğlaklarda büyümeye etkisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 59, 129-134.
- Esterbauer H, Cheeseman CH (1990): Determination of aldehydic lipid peroksidation products: Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 407- 421.
- Galina MA, Osnaya F, Cuchillo HM, et al. (2007): Cheese quality from milk of grazing or indoor fed Zebu cows and Alpine crossbred goats. Small Rumin Res, 71, 264-272.
- Goetsch AL, Zeng SS, Gipson TA (2011): Factors affecting goat milk production and quality. Small Rumin Res, 101, 55-63.
- Gomes V, Della Libera AMMP, Paiva M, et al. (2006): Effect of the stage of lactation on somatic cell counts in healthy goats (Caprae hircus) breed in Brazil. Small Rumin Res, 64, 30-34.
- Gül S, Keskin M, Kaya Ş (2010): Olive cake usage as an alternative to cotton seed meal in dairy goat feeding. Afr J Agric Res, 5, 1643-1646.
- Guler Z, Keskin M, Masatcioglu T, et al. (2007): Effects of Breed and Lactation Period on Some Characteristics and Free Fatty Acid Composition of Raw Milk from Damascus Goats and German Fawn x Hair Goat B1 Crossbreds. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 347-354.
- Hinckley LS, Williams LF (1981): Diagnosis of mastitis in goats. Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician: VM, SAC, 76, 711.
- Iriadam M (2004): Kilis keçilerine ait bazı hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 83-85.
- Kondyli E, Katsiari MC (2002): Fatty acid composition of raw caprine milk of a native Greek breed during lactation. Int J Dairy Technol, 55, 57-60.
- Lee MRF, Winters AL, Scollan ND, et al. (2004): Plant- mediated lipolysis and proteolysis in red clover with different polyphenol oxidase activities. Journal Sci Food Agric, 84, 1639–1645.
- Min BR, Hart SP, Sahlu T, et al. (2005): The effect of diets on milk production and composition, and on lactation curves in pastured dairy goats. J Dairy Sci, 88, 2604-2615.
- Morand-Fehr P, Fedele V, Decandia M, et al. (2007): Influence of farming and feding systems on composition and quality of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin Res, 68, 20- 34.
- Murray RK, Granner KD, Mayes AP, et al. (2004): Harper Biyokimya. Çeviri Edi. Nurten Dikmen, Tuncay Özgünen, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, ISBN: 975- 420- 389- X, İstanbul.
- Orman A, Gunay A, Balci F, et al. (2011): Monitoring of somatic cell count variations during lactation in primiparous and multiparous Turkish Saanen goats (Capra hircus). Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 35, 167-175.
- Paape MJ, Wiggans GR, Bannerman DD, et al. (2007): Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts. Small Rumin Res, 68, 114-125.
- Park YW, Chukwu HI (1998): Macro-mineral concentrations in milk of two goat breeds at different stages of lactation. Small Rumin Res, 1, 157-166.
- Park YW, Chukwu HI (1989): Trace mineral concentrations in goat milk from French-Alpine and Anglo- Nubian breeds during the first 5 months of lactation. J Food Comp Anal, 2, 161-169.
- Park YW, Juárez M, Ramos M, et al. (2007): Physico- chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin Res, 68, 88-113.
- Prasad H, Tewari HA, Sengar OPS (2005): Milk yield and composition of the beetal breed and their crosses with Jamunapari, Barbari and Black Bengal breeds of goat. Small Rumin Res, 58, 195-199.
- Raynal-Ljutovac K, Lagriffoul G, Paccard P, et al. (2008): Composition of goat and sheep milk products: An update. Small Rumin Res, 79, 57-72.
- Raynal-Ljutovac K, Pirisi A, De Cremoux R, et al. (2007): Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: analytical, sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Rumin Res, 68, 126-144.
- Rufián-Henares JÁ, Guerra-Hernandez E, García- Villanova B (2006): Colour measurement as indicator for controlling the manufacture and storage of enteral formulas. Food Control, 17, 489-493.
- Sampelayo MRS, Amigo L, Ares JL, et al. (1998): The use of diets with different protein sources in lactating goats: composition of milk and its suitability for cheese production. Small Rumin Res, 31, 37-43.
- Sampelayo MRS, Pérez L, Martn Alonso JJ, et al. (2002): Effects of concentrates with different contents of protected fat rich in PUFAs on the performance lactating Granadina goats-Part II. Milk production and composition. Small Rumin Res, 43, 141-148.
- Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva F (2002): Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 187-194.
- Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U, et al. (2010): Recent advances in exploiting goat's milk: quality, safety and production aspects. Small Rumin Res, 89, 110-124.
- Solah VA, Staines V, Honda S, et al. (2007): Measurement of milk color and composition: effect of dietary ıntervention on western Australian holstein‐friesian cow's milk quality. J Food Sci, 72, 560-566.
- Soryal K, Beyene FA, Zeng S, et al. (2005): Effect of goat breed and milk composition on yield, sensory quality, fatty acid concentration of soft cheese during lactation. Small Rumin Res, 58, 275-281.
- Suriyasathaporn W, Vinitketkumnuen U, Chewonarin T, et al.(2006): Higher somatic cell counts resulted in higher malondialdehyde concentrations in raw cows’ milk. Int Dairy J, 16, 1088-1091.
- Talpur FN, Bhanger MI, Khooharo AA, et al. (2008): Seasonal variation in fatty acid composition of milk from ruminants reared under the traditional feeding system of Sindh. Pakistan Livest Sci,118, 166-172.
- Talpur FN, Bhanger MI, Memon NN (2009): Milk fatty acid composition of indigenous goat and ewe breeds from Sindh, Pakistan. J Food Compos Anal, 22, 59-64.
- TUIK (2015): Animal production statistics. Available at www. tuik.gov.tr. (Accessed January 15, 2018)
- Ulbricht TL, Southgate DA (1991): Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet, 338, 985-992.
- Yakan A, Ates CT, Alasahan S, et al. (2016): Damascus kids’ slaughter, carcass and meat quality traits in different production systems using antioxidant supplementation. Small Rumin Res 2016; 136, 43-53.
- Yakan A (2012): Record methods and calculation of lactation milk production in sheep and goat. AVKAE Derg, 2, 18-23.
- Yang FL, Li XS, He BX, et al. (2011): Malondialdehyde level and some enzymatic activities in subclinical mastitis milk. Afr J Med Med Sci, 10, 5534-5538.
Milk yield and quality traits in different lactation stages of Damascus goats: Concentrate and pasture based feeding systems
Abstract
This study aimed to survey milk yield, lactation stages and milk quality traits of Damascus goats reared under
different feeding systems. Goats were divided according to feeding systems as pasture based and concentrate based. Feeding systems
were found to have significant effect on lactation milk yield but not on lactation duration. Although differences between feeding
systems were not found significant on pH, milk composition factors (fat, lactose, dry matter), somatic cell count and malondialdehyde
(except for early lactation stage) for each lactation stage, significant effects were detected on same parameters among lactation stages.
Calcium levels at early lactation stage in milk differed either between feeding systems or among lactation stages. Also, other minerals
were found to decrease with lactation. While most of the fatty acids were affected in any of the lactation stages by the feeding system,
all of them were significantly altered by lactation stages. Pastured goats had a lower percentage of total saturated fatty acids, atherogenic
index, thrombogenic index and odour index ratios. In accordance with milk fatty acid composition, compared to the milk obtained from
goats fed with concentrate, the milk obtained from the goats that pastured was healthier and early lactation stage was found to produce
healthier milk than late lactation stage.
References
- Aganga AA, Amarteifio JO, Nkile N (2002): Effect of stage of lactation on nutrient composition of Tswana sheep and goat's milk. J Food Comp Anal, 15, 533-543.
- Akcapinar H, Ozbeyaz C (1999): Hayvan Yetiştiriciliği Temel Bilgileri. Kariyer Matbaacılık, Ankara.
- Ceballos LS, Morales ER, de la Torre Adarve G et al. (2009): Composition of goat and cow milk produced under similar conditions and analyzed by identical methodology. J Food Compos Anal, 22, 322-329.
- Chemineau P, Gauthier D, Poirier JC, et al. (1982): Plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol-17β and progesterone during natural and induced oestrus in the dairy goat. Theriogenology, 17, 313-323.
- Chiofalo B, Liotta L, Zumbo A, et al. (2004): Administration of olive cake for ewe feeding: effect on milk yield and composition. Small Rumin Res, 55, 169-176.
- Das M, Singh M (2000): Variation in blood leucocytes, somatic cell count, yield and composition of milk of crossbred goats. Small Rumin Res, 35, 169-174.
- Decandia M, Cabiddu A, Molle G, et al. (2007): Effect of different feeding systems on fatty acid composition and volatile compound content in goat milk. Options Mediterraneennes, Series A: Advanced Nutrition and Feeding Strategies to Improve Sheep and Goat Production. Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomique Méditerranéennes, Zaragoza, 129-134.
- Department of Health (1994): Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease. Report on health and social subjects, No.46, HMSO, London.
- Eknæs M, Havrevoll Ø, Volden H, et al. (2009): Fat content, fatty acid profile and off-flavours in goats milk— effects of feed concentrates with different fat sources during the grazing season. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 152, 112-122.
- Ergun A, Tuncer SD, Colpan I, et al. (2006): Hayvan besleme ve beslenme hastalıkları. Pozitif matbaacılık, Ankara.
- Erol H, Akcadag HI, Unal N, et al. (2012): Ankara keçilerinde süt verimi ve oğlaklarda büyümeye etkisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 59, 129-134.
- Esterbauer H, Cheeseman CH (1990): Determination of aldehydic lipid peroksidation products: Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 407- 421.
- Galina MA, Osnaya F, Cuchillo HM, et al. (2007): Cheese quality from milk of grazing or indoor fed Zebu cows and Alpine crossbred goats. Small Rumin Res, 71, 264-272.
- Goetsch AL, Zeng SS, Gipson TA (2011): Factors affecting goat milk production and quality. Small Rumin Res, 101, 55-63.
- Gomes V, Della Libera AMMP, Paiva M, et al. (2006): Effect of the stage of lactation on somatic cell counts in healthy goats (Caprae hircus) breed in Brazil. Small Rumin Res, 64, 30-34.
- Gül S, Keskin M, Kaya Ş (2010): Olive cake usage as an alternative to cotton seed meal in dairy goat feeding. Afr J Agric Res, 5, 1643-1646.
- Guler Z, Keskin M, Masatcioglu T, et al. (2007): Effects of Breed and Lactation Period on Some Characteristics and Free Fatty Acid Composition of Raw Milk from Damascus Goats and German Fawn x Hair Goat B1 Crossbreds. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 347-354.
- Hinckley LS, Williams LF (1981): Diagnosis of mastitis in goats. Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician: VM, SAC, 76, 711.
- Iriadam M (2004): Kilis keçilerine ait bazı hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 83-85.
- Kondyli E, Katsiari MC (2002): Fatty acid composition of raw caprine milk of a native Greek breed during lactation. Int J Dairy Technol, 55, 57-60.
- Lee MRF, Winters AL, Scollan ND, et al. (2004): Plant- mediated lipolysis and proteolysis in red clover with different polyphenol oxidase activities. Journal Sci Food Agric, 84, 1639–1645.
- Min BR, Hart SP, Sahlu T, et al. (2005): The effect of diets on milk production and composition, and on lactation curves in pastured dairy goats. J Dairy Sci, 88, 2604-2615.
- Morand-Fehr P, Fedele V, Decandia M, et al. (2007): Influence of farming and feding systems on composition and quality of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin Res, 68, 20- 34.
- Murray RK, Granner KD, Mayes AP, et al. (2004): Harper Biyokimya. Çeviri Edi. Nurten Dikmen, Tuncay Özgünen, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, ISBN: 975- 420- 389- X, İstanbul.
- Orman A, Gunay A, Balci F, et al. (2011): Monitoring of somatic cell count variations during lactation in primiparous and multiparous Turkish Saanen goats (Capra hircus). Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 35, 167-175.
- Paape MJ, Wiggans GR, Bannerman DD, et al. (2007): Monitoring goat and sheep milk somatic cell counts. Small Rumin Res, 68, 114-125.
- Park YW, Chukwu HI (1998): Macro-mineral concentrations in milk of two goat breeds at different stages of lactation. Small Rumin Res, 1, 157-166.
- Park YW, Chukwu HI (1989): Trace mineral concentrations in goat milk from French-Alpine and Anglo- Nubian breeds during the first 5 months of lactation. J Food Comp Anal, 2, 161-169.
- Park YW, Juárez M, Ramos M, et al. (2007): Physico- chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin Res, 68, 88-113.
- Prasad H, Tewari HA, Sengar OPS (2005): Milk yield and composition of the beetal breed and their crosses with Jamunapari, Barbari and Black Bengal breeds of goat. Small Rumin Res, 58, 195-199.
- Raynal-Ljutovac K, Lagriffoul G, Paccard P, et al. (2008): Composition of goat and sheep milk products: An update. Small Rumin Res, 79, 57-72.
- Raynal-Ljutovac K, Pirisi A, De Cremoux R, et al. (2007): Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: analytical, sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Rumin Res, 68, 126-144.
- Rufián-Henares JÁ, Guerra-Hernandez E, García- Villanova B (2006): Colour measurement as indicator for controlling the manufacture and storage of enteral formulas. Food Control, 17, 489-493.
- Sampelayo MRS, Amigo L, Ares JL, et al. (1998): The use of diets with different protein sources in lactating goats: composition of milk and its suitability for cheese production. Small Rumin Res, 31, 37-43.
- Sampelayo MRS, Pérez L, Martn Alonso JJ, et al. (2002): Effects of concentrates with different contents of protected fat rich in PUFAs on the performance lactating Granadina goats-Part II. Milk production and composition. Small Rumin Res, 43, 141-148.
- Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva F (2002): Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 187-194.
- Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U, et al. (2010): Recent advances in exploiting goat's milk: quality, safety and production aspects. Small Rumin Res, 89, 110-124.
- Solah VA, Staines V, Honda S, et al. (2007): Measurement of milk color and composition: effect of dietary ıntervention on western Australian holstein‐friesian cow's milk quality. J Food Sci, 72, 560-566.
- Soryal K, Beyene FA, Zeng S, et al. (2005): Effect of goat breed and milk composition on yield, sensory quality, fatty acid concentration of soft cheese during lactation. Small Rumin Res, 58, 275-281.
- Suriyasathaporn W, Vinitketkumnuen U, Chewonarin T, et al.(2006): Higher somatic cell counts resulted in higher malondialdehyde concentrations in raw cows’ milk. Int Dairy J, 16, 1088-1091.
- Talpur FN, Bhanger MI, Khooharo AA, et al. (2008): Seasonal variation in fatty acid composition of milk from ruminants reared under the traditional feeding system of Sindh. Pakistan Livest Sci,118, 166-172.
- Talpur FN, Bhanger MI, Memon NN (2009): Milk fatty acid composition of indigenous goat and ewe breeds from Sindh, Pakistan. J Food Compos Anal, 22, 59-64.
- TUIK (2015): Animal production statistics. Available at www. tuik.gov.tr. (Accessed January 15, 2018)
- Ulbricht TL, Southgate DA (1991): Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet, 338, 985-992.
- Yakan A, Ates CT, Alasahan S, et al. (2016): Damascus kids’ slaughter, carcass and meat quality traits in different production systems using antioxidant supplementation. Small Rumin Res 2016; 136, 43-53.
- Yakan A (2012): Record methods and calculation of lactation milk production in sheep and goat. AVKAE Derg, 2, 18-23.
- Yang FL, Li XS, He BX, et al. (2011): Malondialdehyde level and some enzymatic activities in subclinical mastitis milk. Afr J Med Med Sci, 10, 5534-5538.
There are 47 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 5, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 66 Issue: 2 |