Letter to Editor
Investigation of the presence and antibiotic susceptibilities of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout farms (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in The Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey
Abstract
The aims of the study were to find out the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (F. psychrophilum) in commercial Rainbow trout farms in Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated strains. For this purpose, total of 276 fish samples were collected from 18 different farms in these regions between January 2008 and July 2010. Bacterial isolation from samples was performed by conventional microbiological methods. In addition, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the identification and to detect F. psychrophilum in tissue samples. Nine of fish tissue samples were found to be positive for F. psychrophilum by PCR. However, five F. psychrophilum strains were isolated from these samples and confirmed by PCR. The antibiotic resistance of the isolates against neomycine, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, sulphamethoxazole+trimethoprim, cefoperazone and oxolinic acid were analyzed by Kirby Bauer agar disc diffusion test. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were variable. All the isolates were sensitive only to oxytetracyline (30 µg) and enrofloxacine (5 µg)
References
- Anacker RL, Ordal EJ (1959): Study on the myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris. I. Serological typing. J Bacteriol, 78, 25-32.
- Baliarda A, Faure D, Urdaci MC (2002): Development and application of a nested PCR to monitor brood stock salmonid ovarian fluid and spleen for detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. J Appl Microbiol, 92, 510-516.
- Balta F (1997): Kültürü yapılan alabalıklarda (Oncorhynchus mykiss) görülen Flexibacter psychrophila enfeksiyonu. IX. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu. 17-19 Eylül 1997. Eğirdir/Isparta. 641-648.
- Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966): Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol, 45 (4), 493-496.
- Borg AF (1960): Studies on myxobacteria associated with diseases in salmonid fishes. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Wildlife Disease. Washington, DC. 8, 1-85.
- Boyacıoğlu M (2007): Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus Mykıss) RTFS’ye (Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome) neden olan Flavobacterıum Psychrophilum etkeninin izolasyonu ve antibakteriyel sağaltım seçene- ğinin belirlenmesi. T.C. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı, AYDIN.
- Bruun MS, Schmidt AS, Madsen L, Dalsgaard I (2000): Antimicrobial resistance patterns in Danish isolates of Flalobacterium psychrophilum. Aquaculture, 187, 201-212.
- Cipriano RC, Holt RA (2005): Flavobacterium psychrophilum, cause of Bacterial Cold-Water Disease and Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome. Fish Disease Leaflet No. 86. United States Dept. of the Interior. U.S. Geological Service, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV.
- Del Cerro A, Marquez I, Prieto JM (2010): Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from cultured rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in Spain. J Fish Dis, 33, 285-291.
- Didinen BI, Diler O, Ekici S, Altun S (2005): Flavobacterium psychrophilum izolatlarının teşhisinde API ZYM kullanımı ve ATB VET ile antimikrobiyal duyarlılığın belirlenmesi. SDÜ Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 64-70.
- Diler Ö, Altun S, Işıklı BI (2003): Kültürü yapılan gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ndan izole edilen Flavobacterium psychrophilum’un fenotipik karakterleri. SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7, 1-8.
- Hesami S, Allen KJ, Metcalf D, Ostland VE, MacInnes JI, Lumsden JS (2008): Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from Ontario salmonids with bacterial coldwater disease. Can J Microbiol, 54 (8), 619-629.
- Holt RA, Rohovec JS, Fryer JL (1993): Bacterial cold- water disease. 3-23. In: V Inglis, RJ Roberts, NR Bromage (Ed), Bacterial Diseases of Fish. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
- İspir Ü, Şeker E, Sağlam N, Dörücü M (2004): Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde bazı gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) işletmelerinde görülen Flavobacterium psychrophilum enfeksiyonun araştırılması. F Ü Fen ve Müh Bil Derg, 16 (4), 718-724.
- Izumi S, Fujii H, Aranishi F (2005): Detection and identification of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from gill washings and benthic diatoms by PCR-based sequencing analysis. J Fish Dis, 28, 559-564.
- Izumi S, Wakabayashi H (1997): Use of PCR to detect Cytophaga psychrophila from apparently healthy juvenile ayu and coho salmon eggs. Fish Pathol, 32, 169-173.
- Kayis S, Capkin E, Balta F, Altinok I (2009): Bacteria in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Southern Black Sea Region of Turkey-A Survey. Isr J Aquacult- Bamid, 61 (4), 339-344.
- Korun J, Timur G (2001): Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (O. mykiss) mortalite sendromu (FMS) üzerinde bir çalışma. İstanbul Üniversitesi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 12, 15-30.
- Kubilay A, Altun S, Didinen BI, Ekici S, Diler Ö (2009): Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhyncus mykiss) İşletmelerinde Flavobacterium psychrophilum İzalosyonu. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15 (5), 709-715.
- Kum C, Kırkan S, Sekkin S, Akar F, Boyacıoğlu M (2008): Comparison of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolated from Rainbow Trout Fry. J Aquat Anim Health. 20, 245-251.
- Lorenzen E, Dalsgaard I, Bernardet JF (1997): Characterization of isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum associated with coldwater disease or rainbow trout fry syndrome I: Phenotypic and genomic studies. Dis Aquat Org, 31, 197-208.
- Lorenzen E, Karas N (1992): Detection of Flexibacter psychrophilus by immunofluorescence in fish suffering from fry mortality syndrome: a rapid diagnostic method. Dis Aquat Org, 13, 231-234.
- Madetoja J, Hanninen M-L, Hirvela-Koski V, Dalsgaard I, Wiklund T (2001): Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from Finnish fish farms. J Fish Dis, 24, 469-479.
- Michel C, Antonio D, Hedrick RP (1999): Production of viable cultures of Flavobacterium psychrophilum approach and control. Res Microbiol, 150, 351-358.
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1999): Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pennsylvania, Approved Standard M 31-A19 (11).
- Nematollahı A, Decostere A, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F (2003): Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid fish. J Fish Dis, 26, 563-574.
- Nilsson WB, Strom MS (2002): Detection and identification of bacterial pathogens of fish in kidney tissue using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Dis Aquat Organ, 48, 175-185.
- Rangdale RE, Richards RH, Alderman DJ (1997): Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial compounds against Flavobacterium psychrophilum the causal agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS). Aquaculture, 158, 193-201.
- Shotts EB, Starliper CE (1999): Flavobacterial Diseases: Columnaris Disease, Cold-water Disease and Bacterial Gill Disease. 559-576. In: PTK Woo, DW Bruno (Ed), Fish Diseases and Disorders Volume 3. Viral, Bacterial and Fungal İnfections. CAB International, New York, USA.
- Stenholm AR, Dalsgaard I, Middelboe M (2008): Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Appl Environ Microbiol, 74 (13), 4070-4078.
- Turkish Statistical Institute (2010): Fishery Statistics 2009. Turkish Statistical Institute Printing Division, ANKARA.
- Urdaci MC, Chakroun C, Faure D, Bernardet JF (1998): Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for identification and detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Res Microbiol, 149, 519- 530.
- Wiklund T, Madsen L, Bruun M.S, Dalsgaard I (2000): Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from fish tissue and water samples by PCR amplification. J Appl Microbiol, 88, 299-307.
- Valdebenito S, Avendano-Herrera R (2009): Phenotypic, serological and genetic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains isolated from salmonids in Chile. J Fish Dis, 32, 321-333.
Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi gökkuşağı alabalığı çiftliklerinde (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum,1792) Flavobacterıum psychrophilum varlığının ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarınının incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunan ticari gökkuşağı alabalığı çiftliklerinde F. psychrophilum’un varlığının ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Ocak 2008-Temmuz 2010 tarihleri arasında bölgedeki 18 farklı çiftlikten toplam 276 balık örneği toplandı. Örneklerden bakteri izolasyonu konvansiyonel mikrobiyolojik metotlar ile yapıldı. Elde edilen izolatların moleküler olarak doğrulanmasında ve doku örneklerinden etkenin saptanmasında Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) kullanıldı. Balık dokularının dokuzunun PZR ile pozitif sonuç verdiği saptandı. Bu dokuların beşinden F. psychrophilum izole edildi ve PZR ile doğrulandı. İzolatların neomisin, oksitetrasiklin, enrofloksasin, amoksilin, ampisilin, eritromisin, kanamisin, sulfametoksazol+trimetoprim, sefoperazon ve oksolinik asit antibiyotiklerine karşı direnç durumu, Kirby Bauer agar disk diffüzyon yöntemi ile araştırıldı. Antibiyotik duyarlılık profilinin değişken olduğu görüldü. İzolatların tamamının oksitetrasiklin ve enrofloksasin antibiyotiklerine karşı duyarlı olduğu belirlendi
References
- Anacker RL, Ordal EJ (1959): Study on the myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris. I. Serological typing. J Bacteriol, 78, 25-32.
- Baliarda A, Faure D, Urdaci MC (2002): Development and application of a nested PCR to monitor brood stock salmonid ovarian fluid and spleen for detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. J Appl Microbiol, 92, 510-516.
- Balta F (1997): Kültürü yapılan alabalıklarda (Oncorhynchus mykiss) görülen Flexibacter psychrophila enfeksiyonu. IX. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu. 17-19 Eylül 1997. Eğirdir/Isparta. 641-648.
- Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966): Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol, 45 (4), 493-496.
- Borg AF (1960): Studies on myxobacteria associated with diseases in salmonid fishes. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Wildlife Disease. Washington, DC. 8, 1-85.
- Boyacıoğlu M (2007): Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus Mykıss) RTFS’ye (Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome) neden olan Flavobacterıum Psychrophilum etkeninin izolasyonu ve antibakteriyel sağaltım seçene- ğinin belirlenmesi. T.C. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı, AYDIN.
- Bruun MS, Schmidt AS, Madsen L, Dalsgaard I (2000): Antimicrobial resistance patterns in Danish isolates of Flalobacterium psychrophilum. Aquaculture, 187, 201-212.
- Cipriano RC, Holt RA (2005): Flavobacterium psychrophilum, cause of Bacterial Cold-Water Disease and Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome. Fish Disease Leaflet No. 86. United States Dept. of the Interior. U.S. Geological Service, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV.
- Del Cerro A, Marquez I, Prieto JM (2010): Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from cultured rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in Spain. J Fish Dis, 33, 285-291.
- Didinen BI, Diler O, Ekici S, Altun S (2005): Flavobacterium psychrophilum izolatlarının teşhisinde API ZYM kullanımı ve ATB VET ile antimikrobiyal duyarlılığın belirlenmesi. SDÜ Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 64-70.
- Diler Ö, Altun S, Işıklı BI (2003): Kültürü yapılan gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ndan izole edilen Flavobacterium psychrophilum’un fenotipik karakterleri. SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7, 1-8.
- Hesami S, Allen KJ, Metcalf D, Ostland VE, MacInnes JI, Lumsden JS (2008): Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from Ontario salmonids with bacterial coldwater disease. Can J Microbiol, 54 (8), 619-629.
- Holt RA, Rohovec JS, Fryer JL (1993): Bacterial cold- water disease. 3-23. In: V Inglis, RJ Roberts, NR Bromage (Ed), Bacterial Diseases of Fish. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
- İspir Ü, Şeker E, Sağlam N, Dörücü M (2004): Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde bazı gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) işletmelerinde görülen Flavobacterium psychrophilum enfeksiyonun araştırılması. F Ü Fen ve Müh Bil Derg, 16 (4), 718-724.
- Izumi S, Fujii H, Aranishi F (2005): Detection and identification of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from gill washings and benthic diatoms by PCR-based sequencing analysis. J Fish Dis, 28, 559-564.
- Izumi S, Wakabayashi H (1997): Use of PCR to detect Cytophaga psychrophila from apparently healthy juvenile ayu and coho salmon eggs. Fish Pathol, 32, 169-173.
- Kayis S, Capkin E, Balta F, Altinok I (2009): Bacteria in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Southern Black Sea Region of Turkey-A Survey. Isr J Aquacult- Bamid, 61 (4), 339-344.
- Korun J, Timur G (2001): Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (O. mykiss) mortalite sendromu (FMS) üzerinde bir çalışma. İstanbul Üniversitesi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 12, 15-30.
- Kubilay A, Altun S, Didinen BI, Ekici S, Diler Ö (2009): Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhyncus mykiss) İşletmelerinde Flavobacterium psychrophilum İzalosyonu. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15 (5), 709-715.
- Kum C, Kırkan S, Sekkin S, Akar F, Boyacıoğlu M (2008): Comparison of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolated from Rainbow Trout Fry. J Aquat Anim Health. 20, 245-251.
- Lorenzen E, Dalsgaard I, Bernardet JF (1997): Characterization of isolates of Flavobacterium psychrophilum associated with coldwater disease or rainbow trout fry syndrome I: Phenotypic and genomic studies. Dis Aquat Org, 31, 197-208.
- Lorenzen E, Karas N (1992): Detection of Flexibacter psychrophilus by immunofluorescence in fish suffering from fry mortality syndrome: a rapid diagnostic method. Dis Aquat Org, 13, 231-234.
- Madetoja J, Hanninen M-L, Hirvela-Koski V, Dalsgaard I, Wiklund T (2001): Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from Finnish fish farms. J Fish Dis, 24, 469-479.
- Michel C, Antonio D, Hedrick RP (1999): Production of viable cultures of Flavobacterium psychrophilum approach and control. Res Microbiol, 150, 351-358.
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1999): Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pennsylvania, Approved Standard M 31-A19 (11).
- Nematollahı A, Decostere A, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F (2003): Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid fish. J Fish Dis, 26, 563-574.
- Nilsson WB, Strom MS (2002): Detection and identification of bacterial pathogens of fish in kidney tissue using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Dis Aquat Organ, 48, 175-185.
- Rangdale RE, Richards RH, Alderman DJ (1997): Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial compounds against Flavobacterium psychrophilum the causal agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS). Aquaculture, 158, 193-201.
- Shotts EB, Starliper CE (1999): Flavobacterial Diseases: Columnaris Disease, Cold-water Disease and Bacterial Gill Disease. 559-576. In: PTK Woo, DW Bruno (Ed), Fish Diseases and Disorders Volume 3. Viral, Bacterial and Fungal İnfections. CAB International, New York, USA.
- Stenholm AR, Dalsgaard I, Middelboe M (2008): Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Appl Environ Microbiol, 74 (13), 4070-4078.
- Turkish Statistical Institute (2010): Fishery Statistics 2009. Turkish Statistical Institute Printing Division, ANKARA.
- Urdaci MC, Chakroun C, Faure D, Bernardet JF (1998): Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for identification and detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Res Microbiol, 149, 519- 530.
- Wiklund T, Madsen L, Bruun M.S, Dalsgaard I (2000): Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from fish tissue and water samples by PCR amplification. J Appl Microbiol, 88, 299-307.
- Valdebenito S, Avendano-Herrera R (2009): Phenotypic, serological and genetic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains isolated from salmonids in Chile. J Fish Dis, 32, 321-333.
There are 34 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA56SC65AM |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2012 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2012Volume: 59 Issue: 2 |