Profilaktik amaçla formaline maruz bırakma çipura (Sparus aurata) ve levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax)için stres kaynağı mıdır?
Abstract
Çalışmada, çipura (Sparus aurata) ve levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) balıklarını profilaktik amaçla formaline banyo şeklinde maruz bırakmanın ardından meydana gelen stres araştırılmıştır. Stres indikatörlerinden; plazma kortisol, glukoz, kalsiyum (Ca), fosfor (P), sodyum (Na), potasyum (K), klorür (Cl), magnezyum (Mg), hematokrit ile non spesifik immunite parametrelerinden; C-reactive protein (CRP) ve seruloplazmin ölçümleriyle stres olgusu değerlendirilmiştir. Balıklar, ayrı ayrı olmak üzere 150 ppm formalin konsantrasyonuna 60 dakika süreyle maruz bırakılmışlardır. Belirtilen parametrelerin analizi için, balıklar formalin uygulamasından hemen sonra; ve uygulamanın ardından taze deniz suyunda 24 ile 48 saat bekletme (iyileşme periyodu) sonrasında örneklenmiştir. Plazma kortisol seviyesi hem çipura hem levrek balıklarında formaline maruz kalma sonrası artmıştır ancak, levrek balıklarında plazma kortisol seviyesi 48 saat içinde azalmıştır. Çipura ve levrek balıklarında plazma glukoz değerleri, kontrole göre, sırasıyla 2 ve 3 kat daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Plazma glukoz değerleri her iki balıkta da 48 saat süresince yüksek kalmıştır. Plazma elektrolit değerleri, formalin uygulamasının ardından ve iyileşme periyodu boyunca, farklı zaman profili ile balık türüne bağlı olarak dalgalanmalar göstermiştir. Çipurada plazma P, Mg and Cl değerleri formalin uygulamasından etkilenmez iken, levrekte plazma Na ve Cl değerleri formalin uygulamasını takiben değişim göstermemiştir. Hematokrit değerleri her iki balık türünde de formalin uygulamasının ardından değişim göstermemiştir. Non spesifik bağışıklık parametrelerinden C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve seruloplazmin formalin uygulamasından etkilenmiştir. CRP seviyesi, çipurada uygulamadan sonra düşmüş ve 48 saat iyileşme periyodu boyunca yükselmemiştir. Levrekte ise formalin uygulamasından sonra artmış ve 48 saat içinde kontrol değerlerine dönmüştür. Seruloplazmin seviyesi her iki balık türünde de formaline maruz kalmadan sonra azalmış ve 48 saatlik iyileşme peryodunda normal değerlere dönmemiştir. Sonuçlar, formalin uygulamasının hem çipura hem levrek için potansiyel olarak stres yaratan bir uygulama olduğunu göstermiştir
Keywords
References
- Arends RJ, Mancera JM, Munoz JL, Wendelaar Bonga SE (1999): The stress response of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) to air exposure and confinement. J Endocrinol, 163, 149-157.
- Ashley PJ (2007): Fish welfare:Current issues in aquaculture, App Anim Behav Sci, 104, 199-235.
- Barcellos LJG, Kreutz LC, de Souza SMG, Rodrigues LB, Fioreze I, Quevedo RM, Cericato L, Soso AB, Fagundes M, Conrad J, de Almeida Lacerda L, Terra S (2004): Hematological changes in jundia (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard Pimelodidae) after acute and chronic stress caused by usual aquacultural management, with emphasis on immunosuppressive effects. Aquaculture, 237, 229-236.
- Biswas AK, Seoka M, Takii K, Maita M, Kumai H (2006): Stress response of red sea bream Pagrus major to acute handling and chronic photoperiod manipulation. Aquaculture, 252, 566 -572.
- Deane EE, Kelly SP, Woo NYS (2000): Hypercortisolemia does not affect the branchial osmoregulatory responses of the marine teleost Sparus sarba. Life Sci, 66, 1435-1444.
- Esteban MA, Rodriguez A, Garcia Ayala A, Meseguer J (2004): Effects of high doses of cortisol on innate cellular immune response of seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Gen Comp Endocrinol, 137, 89-98.
- Fanouraki E, Divanach P, Pavlidis M (2007): Baseline values for acute and chronic stres indicators in sexually immature red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) Aquaculture, 265, 294-304.
- Kodama AH, Matsuoka Y, Tanaka Y, Liu Y, Iwasaki T, Watarai S (2004): Changes of C-reactive protein levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sera after exposure to anti-ectoparasitic chemicals used in aquaculture Fish Shellfish Immunol 16, 589–597.
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- Pierson PM, Lamers A, Flik G, Mayer Gostan N (2004): The stress axis, stanniocalcin and ion balance in rainbow trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 137, 263-271.
- Reddy PK, Leatherland JF (1998): Stress Physiology, Fish Diseases and Disorders. 279-302. In: JF Leatherland, P Woo (Ed), Fish Diseases and Disorders, CABI Publishing, Oxon.
- Rottland J, Balm PHM, Perez-Sanchez J, Wendelaar Bonga SE, Tort L (2001): Pituitary and interrenal function in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L., Teleostei) after handling and confinement stress. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 121, 333-342.
- Rottland J, Balm PHM, Perez-Sanchez J, Wendelaar Bonga SE, Tort L (2000): A drop in ambient temperature results in a transient reduction of interrenal ACTH responsiveness in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Fish Pysiol Biochem, 23, 265-273.
- Siwicki AK, Anderson DP (1993): Immunostimulation in Fish: Measuring The Effects of Stimulants by Serological and Immunological Methods, The Nordic Symposium on Fish Immunology, Lysekil, Sweden pp: 1-24.
- Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA (1996). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. Third Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. New York.
- Treves-Brown KM (2000): Applied Fish Pharmacology, Aquaculture Series No:3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London .
- Watts M, Munday BL, Burke CM (2001): Isolation and partial characterisation of immunoglobulin from southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii Castelnau, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 11, 491-503.
- Wendelaar Bonga SE (1997): The stress response in fish. Physiol Rev, 77, 591-625.
- Vazzana M, Cammarata M, Cooper EL, Parrinello N (2002): Confinement stress in seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) depresses peritoneal leukocyte cytotoxicity. Aquaculture, 210, 231-243.
- Yada T, Muto K, Azuma T, Ikuta K (2004): Effects of prolactin and growth hormone on plasma levels of lysozyme and ceruloplasmin in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem and Physiol C, 139, 57–63.
- Yildiz HY, Pulatsu S (1999): Evaluation of the secondary stress response in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) after treatment with a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue. Aquacult Res, 30, 379-383.
Is prophylactic formalin exposure a stress source for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)?
Abstract
Stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) externally exposed to formalin was evaluated by measuring stress indicators; plasma cortisol, glucose, calcium (Ca), phophorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), hematocrit, and innate immunity parameters; C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin. Fish were separately exposed to formalin at a concentration of 150 ppm for 60 min. The parameters were analyzed for sea bream and sea bass exposed to antimicrobial agents soon after treatment and fish exposed to antimicrobial agents after 24 h and 48 h (recovery) following the treatments. Plasma cortisol levels increased after exposure in both sea bream and sea bass however, plasma cortisol recovered in sea bass within 48 h. Plasma glucose values in exposed sea bream and sea bass were 2-fold and 3-fold higher than controls, respectively. Plasma glucose values remained high in 48 h recovery. Plasma electrolytes after exposure and during recovery showed fluctuated results, with different time profile and fish species. While plasma P, Mg and Cl were not affected by formalin exposure in sea bream, plasma Na and Cl remained unchanged in sea bass exposed to formalin. Hematocrit values in sea bream and sea bass did not change after formalin exposure. Innate immunity parameters measured in this study; C-reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin changed after formalin exposure. CRP levels in sea bream decreased after exposure and did not return to control values in recovery period. However, CRP levels in sea bass increased soon after exposure and decreased to control levels within 48 h recovery. Ceruloplasmin values decreased after formalin exposure both in sea bream and sea bass and did not return to control values within 48 h recovery. The results demonstrated that formalin exposure represents potentially stressful event for sea bream and sea bass when considered the elevated plasma cortisol, glucose, disrupted hydromineral balance, altered CRP and ceruloplasmin
References
- Arends RJ, Mancera JM, Munoz JL, Wendelaar Bonga SE (1999): The stress response of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) to air exposure and confinement. J Endocrinol, 163, 149-157.
- Ashley PJ (2007): Fish welfare:Current issues in aquaculture, App Anim Behav Sci, 104, 199-235.
- Barcellos LJG, Kreutz LC, de Souza SMG, Rodrigues LB, Fioreze I, Quevedo RM, Cericato L, Soso AB, Fagundes M, Conrad J, de Almeida Lacerda L, Terra S (2004): Hematological changes in jundia (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard Pimelodidae) after acute and chronic stress caused by usual aquacultural management, with emphasis on immunosuppressive effects. Aquaculture, 237, 229-236.
- Biswas AK, Seoka M, Takii K, Maita M, Kumai H (2006): Stress response of red sea bream Pagrus major to acute handling and chronic photoperiod manipulation. Aquaculture, 252, 566 -572.
- Deane EE, Kelly SP, Woo NYS (2000): Hypercortisolemia does not affect the branchial osmoregulatory responses of the marine teleost Sparus sarba. Life Sci, 66, 1435-1444.
- Esteban MA, Rodriguez A, Garcia Ayala A, Meseguer J (2004): Effects of high doses of cortisol on innate cellular immune response of seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Gen Comp Endocrinol, 137, 89-98.
- Fanouraki E, Divanach P, Pavlidis M (2007): Baseline values for acute and chronic stres indicators in sexually immature red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) Aquaculture, 265, 294-304.
- Kodama AH, Matsuoka Y, Tanaka Y, Liu Y, Iwasaki T, Watarai S (2004): Changes of C-reactive protein levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sera after exposure to anti-ectoparasitic chemicals used in aquaculture Fish Shellfish Immunol 16, 589–597.
- Laiz Carrion R, Sangiao Alvarellos S, Guzman JM, Martin del Rio MP, Miguez JM, Soengas JL, Mancera JM (2002): Energy metabolism in fish tissues related to osmoregulation and cortisol action. Fish Physiol Biochem, 27, 179-188.
- Montero D, Izquierdo MS, Tort L, Robaina L, Vergara, JM (1999): High stocking density produces crowding stress altering some physiological and biochemical parameters in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, juveniles. Fish Pysiol Biochem, 20, 53-60.
- Morales AE, Cardenete G, Abellan E, Garcia Rejon L (2005): Stress related pyhsiological responses to handling in common dentex (Dentex dentex Linnaeus, 1758). Aquacult Res, 36, 33-40.
- Pelgrom SMGJ, Lock RAC, Balm PHM, Bonga W (1995): Integrated physiological response of tilapia to sublethal copper exposure Aquat Toxicol, 32, 303-320.
- Pierson PM, Lamers A, Flik G, Mayer Gostan N (2004): The stress axis, stanniocalcin and ion balance in rainbow trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 137, 263-271.
- Reddy PK, Leatherland JF (1998): Stress Physiology, Fish Diseases and Disorders. 279-302. In: JF Leatherland, P Woo (Ed), Fish Diseases and Disorders, CABI Publishing, Oxon.
- Rottland J, Balm PHM, Perez-Sanchez J, Wendelaar Bonga SE, Tort L (2001): Pituitary and interrenal function in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L., Teleostei) after handling and confinement stress. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 121, 333-342.
- Rottland J, Balm PHM, Perez-Sanchez J, Wendelaar Bonga SE, Tort L (2000): A drop in ambient temperature results in a transient reduction of interrenal ACTH responsiveness in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Fish Pysiol Biochem, 23, 265-273.
- Siwicki AK, Anderson DP (1993): Immunostimulation in Fish: Measuring The Effects of Stimulants by Serological and Immunological Methods, The Nordic Symposium on Fish Immunology, Lysekil, Sweden pp: 1-24.
- Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA (1996). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. Third Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. New York.
- Treves-Brown KM (2000): Applied Fish Pharmacology, Aquaculture Series No:3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London .
- Watts M, Munday BL, Burke CM (2001): Isolation and partial characterisation of immunoglobulin from southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii Castelnau, Fish Shellfish Immunol, 11, 491-503.
- Wendelaar Bonga SE (1997): The stress response in fish. Physiol Rev, 77, 591-625.
- Vazzana M, Cammarata M, Cooper EL, Parrinello N (2002): Confinement stress in seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) depresses peritoneal leukocyte cytotoxicity. Aquaculture, 210, 231-243.
- Yada T, Muto K, Azuma T, Ikuta K (2004): Effects of prolactin and growth hormone on plasma levels of lysozyme and ceruloplasmin in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem and Physiol C, 139, 57–63.
- Yildiz HY, Pulatsu S (1999): Evaluation of the secondary stress response in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) after treatment with a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue. Aquacult Res, 30, 379-383.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA47YG56ED |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2010 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2010Volume: 57 Issue: 2 |