Abstract
In this study, left and right cranial cervical ganglia (ganglion cervicale craniale) of 9 (6 male, 3 female) roe deer, weighing 20-30 kg were inspected macro anatomically. The cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) was found at ventral of the atlas, caudal of the pharynx, medial retropharyngeal lymph node and levator veli palatini muscle, cranial to the divergence place to final branches of common carotid artery. The internal carotid nerve and jugular nerve ramified from the cranial end of CCG. The jugular nerve gave branches that merged with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. The internal carotid nerve varied among cadavers regarding the number of branches (2, 3 or 4). The CCG gave thin nerve branches that reached to various anatomical structures including wall of the pharynx, the first cervical, accessory, hypoglossal and vagus nerves. The external carotid nerves, with one or two branches, also originated from different areas of CCG. The nerves ramified as two branches from CCG and formed a plexus at the ventral of the caudal part of CCG. This plexus gave thin branches to the nearby anatomical structures at that region. In conclusion, nerves ramifying from CCG of the roe deer varied in number among cadavers. The number and course of these nerves, especially external carotid nerves, were observed different than other species
Keywords
References
- Abdel-Magied EM (1995): Fine structure of nerve endings and junctions in the superior cervical ganglion of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Anat Histol Embryol, 24,117-121.
- Cui-Sheng, Wang JL, Xie ZM (1998): The gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the Bacterian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Vet Res Commun, 22, 1-5.
- Çakir A (2001). The morphology of cranial cervical ganglion in the New Zealand Rabbit. Vet J Ankara Univ, 48, 83-87.
- Ebbesson SOE (1968): Quantitative studies of superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in a variety of primates including man. I. The ratio of preganglionic fibers to ganglionic neurons. J Morphol, 124, 117-132.
- Fioretto ET, de Abreu RN, Castro MFDS, Guidi WL, Ribeiro AACM (2007): Macro- and microstructure of the superior cervical ganglion in dogs, cats and horses during maturation. Cells Tissues Organs, 186, 129-140.
- Getty R (1975): Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of The Domestic Animals. In: King AS, Respiratory system, 5th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Hedger JH, Webber RH (1976): Anatomical study of the cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia in the albino rat (Mus norvegicus albinos). Acta Anat, 96, 206-217.
- Frewein J, Habel RE (2005): Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, 5th. ed. Prepared by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenculature (I.C.V.G.A.N) and authorized by the General Assembly of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.). Hannover.
- Jenkins TW (1972): Autonomic nervous system. 138. In: Functional Mammalian Neuroanatomy. Philadelphia Lea&Febiger.
- Kabak M, Orhan İÖ, Hazıroğlu RM (2005): Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). Anat Histol Embryol, 34, 199-202.
- Kabak M (2007): The Gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Vet Res Commun, 31,1-7.
- Kara CO, B Topuz (2002): Horner’s syndrome after excision of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 127, 127-128.
- Karasek M, Zielinska A, Marek K, Swietoslawski J (2002): Effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus): quantitative study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 23, 443-446.
- Lembo TM, Wright KC, Cromeens DM, Price RE (2001): Iatrogenic Horner's syndrome in an experimental pig. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci, 40, 33-35.
- Maurel DL, Ben Saad MM, Roch G, Siaud P (2002): Testicular activity is restored by melatonin replacement after suprachiasmatic nucleus lesion or superior cervical ganglionectomy in mink. J Pineal Res, 32, 15-20.
- Melian C, Morales M, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Peterson ME (1996): Horner's syndrome associated with a functional thyroid carcinoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract, 37, 591-593.
- Miller ME, Chistensen GC, Evans HE (1965): Autonomic nervous system. 634-635. In: Anatomy of the Dog. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Morgan RV, Zanotti SW (1989): Horner's syndrome in dogs and cats: 49 cases (1980-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 194, 1096-1099.
- Özgel Ö, Kurtul I, Dursun N (2004): On the gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion of the donkey (Equus asinus) in Turkey. Vet Res Commun, 28, 261-266.
- Rubin E (1985): Development of the rat superior cervical ganglion: initial stages of synapse formation. J Neurosci, 5, 697-704.
- Shao BP, Ding YP,Xie ZH, Yu HX, Brand-Saberi B, Wang JL (2007): The cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in yak (Bos grunniens). Vet J, 173, 174-177
- Tseng CY, Lue JH, Lee SH, Wen CY, Shieh JY (2001): Evidence of neuroanatomical connection between the superior cervical ganglion and hypoglossal nerve in the hamster as revealed by tract-tracing and degeneration metods. J Anat, 198, 407-421.
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, 20-30 kg canlı ağırlığında 9 adet (6 erkek ve 3 dişi) karacanın (Capreolus capreolus) sağlı sollu ganglion cervicale craniale’si makro-anatomik olarak incelendi. Ganglion cervicale craniale’nin, atlas’ın ventral’inde, pharynx, ln. retropharyngeus medialis ve m. levator veli palatini’nin caudal’inde, a. carotis communis’in son kollarının cranial’inde yer aldığı görüldü. Ganglion cervicale craniale’nin cranial ucundan; n. caroticus internus ve n. jugularis’in ayrıldığı, n. jugularis’den de n. vagus ve n. glossopharyngeus’a sinir kollarının çıktığı belirlendi. Kadavralar arasında farklı sayıda olan n. caroticus internus’un 2, 3 yada 4 koldan oluştuğu saptandı. Ganglion cervicale craniale pharynx, n. vagus, n. accessorius, n. hypoglossus ve 1. servikal sinir (n. cervicalis primus) gibi farklı anatomik yapılara ince sinir kolları vermekteydi. Nn. carotici externi’nin ganglion’un farklı bölgelerinden bir yada iki kol olarak başlangıç aldığı görüldü. İki kol olarak başlangıç alan nn. carotici externi’nin, ganglion’un caudal yarımının ventral’inde bir plexus şekillendirdiği, bu plexus’tan çevredeki anatomik yapılara ince kollar ayrıldığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, karacanın ganglion cervicale craniale’sinden ayrılan sinirlerin sayısı materyaller arasında değişkendi. Bu sinirlerin, özellikle de nn. carotici externi’nin, sayısı ve seyri diğer türlerden farklı bulundu
Keywords
References
- Abdel-Magied EM (1995): Fine structure of nerve endings and junctions in the superior cervical ganglion of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Anat Histol Embryol, 24,117-121.
- Cui-Sheng, Wang JL, Xie ZM (1998): The gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the Bacterian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Vet Res Commun, 22, 1-5.
- Çakir A (2001). The morphology of cranial cervical ganglion in the New Zealand Rabbit. Vet J Ankara Univ, 48, 83-87.
- Ebbesson SOE (1968): Quantitative studies of superior cervical sympathetic ganglia in a variety of primates including man. I. The ratio of preganglionic fibers to ganglionic neurons. J Morphol, 124, 117-132.
- Fioretto ET, de Abreu RN, Castro MFDS, Guidi WL, Ribeiro AACM (2007): Macro- and microstructure of the superior cervical ganglion in dogs, cats and horses during maturation. Cells Tissues Organs, 186, 129-140.
- Getty R (1975): Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of The Domestic Animals. In: King AS, Respiratory system, 5th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Hedger JH, Webber RH (1976): Anatomical study of the cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia in the albino rat (Mus norvegicus albinos). Acta Anat, 96, 206-217.
- Frewein J, Habel RE (2005): Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, 5th. ed. Prepared by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenculature (I.C.V.G.A.N) and authorized by the General Assembly of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.). Hannover.
- Jenkins TW (1972): Autonomic nervous system. 138. In: Functional Mammalian Neuroanatomy. Philadelphia Lea&Febiger.
- Kabak M, Orhan İÖ, Hazıroğlu RM (2005): Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). Anat Histol Embryol, 34, 199-202.
- Kabak M (2007): The Gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Vet Res Commun, 31,1-7.
- Kara CO, B Topuz (2002): Horner’s syndrome after excision of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 127, 127-128.
- Karasek M, Zielinska A, Marek K, Swietoslawski J (2002): Effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus): quantitative study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 23, 443-446.
- Lembo TM, Wright KC, Cromeens DM, Price RE (2001): Iatrogenic Horner's syndrome in an experimental pig. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci, 40, 33-35.
- Maurel DL, Ben Saad MM, Roch G, Siaud P (2002): Testicular activity is restored by melatonin replacement after suprachiasmatic nucleus lesion or superior cervical ganglionectomy in mink. J Pineal Res, 32, 15-20.
- Melian C, Morales M, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Peterson ME (1996): Horner's syndrome associated with a functional thyroid carcinoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract, 37, 591-593.
- Miller ME, Chistensen GC, Evans HE (1965): Autonomic nervous system. 634-635. In: Anatomy of the Dog. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- Morgan RV, Zanotti SW (1989): Horner's syndrome in dogs and cats: 49 cases (1980-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 194, 1096-1099.
- Özgel Ö, Kurtul I, Dursun N (2004): On the gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion of the donkey (Equus asinus) in Turkey. Vet Res Commun, 28, 261-266.
- Rubin E (1985): Development of the rat superior cervical ganglion: initial stages of synapse formation. J Neurosci, 5, 697-704.
- Shao BP, Ding YP,Xie ZH, Yu HX, Brand-Saberi B, Wang JL (2007): The cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in yak (Bos grunniens). Vet J, 173, 174-177
- Tseng CY, Lue JH, Lee SH, Wen CY, Shieh JY (2001): Evidence of neuroanatomical connection between the superior cervical ganglion and hypoglossal nerve in the hamster as revealed by tract-tracing and degeneration metods. J Anat, 198, 407-421.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA43HN58FK |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 1, 2010 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2010Volume: 57 Issue: 1 |