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The effect of amygdalin on electrocardiogram and blood nitric oxide levels in guinea pigs

Year 2007, Volume: 54 Issue: 2, 75 - 80, 01.06.2007

Salahattin Mehmet Soylu Meltem Şireli

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265

Abstract

In this study the effects of amygdalin on electrocardiogram and blood nitric oxide (NO) levels in guinea pigs were investigated. 32 male, albino guinea-pigs were randomly assigned to one control and three experiment groups. One dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg amygdalin dissolved in distilled water were given to the second, third and fourth groups using gastric cathater. One hour after the drug administration, electrocardiography measurements were recorded and serum NO levels were determined. When the serum NO levels of the second, third, and fourth groups were compared to the serum NO level of the control group, each of the differences was found statistically significant (p

Keywords

Amygdalin electrocardiogram guinea-pig nitric oxide

References

  • Adewusi SR, Oke OL (1985a): On the metabolism of amygdalin. 1. the LD50 and biochemical changes in rats. Can J Pharmacol, 63, 1080-1083.
  • Adewusi SR, Oke OL (1985b): On the metabolism of amygdalin. 2. the distribution of beta-glucosidase activity and orally administered amygdalin in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 63, 1084-1087.
  • Armstrong R (2001): The physiological role and pharmacological potential of nitric oxide in neutrophil activation. Int Immunopharmacol, 1, 1501-1512.
  • Baranano DE, Ferris CD, Snyder SH (2001): Atypical neural messengers. Trends Neurosci, 2, 99-106.
  • Baskin SI, Horowitz AM, Nealley EW (1992): The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. J Clin Pharmacol, 32, 368-375.
  • Basu TK (1983): High-dose ascorbic acid decreases detoxification of cyanide derived from amygdalin (laetrile): studies in guinea pigs. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 61, 1426-1430.
  • Budavari S (1996): The Merck Index, 639. 12th ed, NJ Merck & CO INC, Whitehouse Station.
  • Calver A, Collier J, Vallance P (1993): Nitric oxide and cardiovascular control. Exp Physiol, 78, 303-326.
  • Cederqvist B, Persson MG, Gustafsson LE (1994): Direct demonstration of NO formation in vivo from organic nitrites and nitrates, and correlation to effects on blood pressure and to in vitro effects. Biochem Pharmacol, 47, 1047-1053.
  • Chin RG, Calderon Y (2000): Acute cyanide poisoning: a case report. J Emer Med, 18, 441-445.
  • Dejam A, Hunter C, Schechter AN, Gladwin MT (2004): Emerging role of nitrite in human biology. Blood Cells Mol Dis, 32, 423-429.
  • Dorr RT, Paxinos J (1978): The current status of laetrile. Ann Intern Med, 89, 389-397.
  • Edwards NJ (1987): Atrioventricular heart block, 107- 114. Bolton’s Handbook of Canine and Feline Electro- cardiography. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
  • Faint RW (1992): Platelet-neutrophil interactions: their significance. Blood Rev, 6, 83-91.
  • Frakes RA, Sharma RP, Willhite CC (1986): Comparative metabolism of linamarin and amygdalin in hamsters. Food Chem Toxicol, 24, 417-420.
  • Fukuda T, Ito H, Mukainaka T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Yoshida T (2003): Anti-tumor promoting effect of glycosides from prunus persica seeds. Biol Pharm Bull, 26, 271-273.
  • Gewaltig MT, Kojda G (2002): Vasoprotection by nitric oxide: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cardiovasc Reserch, 55, 250-260.
  • Haisman DR, Knight DJ (1967): The enzymic hydrolysis of amygdalin. Biochem J, 103, 528-534.
  • Hamlin RL, Kijtawornrat A, Keene BW, Hamlin DM (2003): QT and RR intervals in conscious and anesthetized guinea pigs with highly varying RR intervals and given QTc-lengthening test articles. Tox Sci, 76, 437-442.
  • Hill GJ. Shine TE, Hill HZ, Miller C (1976): Failure of amygdalin to arrest B16 melanoma and BW5147 AKR leukemia. Canc Res, 36, 2102-2107.
  • Hill HZ, Backer R, Hill GJ (1980): Blood cyanide levels in mice after administration of amygdalin. Biopharm Drug Dispos, 1, 211-220.
  • Hogan N, Casadei B, Paterson DJ (1999): Nitric oxide donors can increase heart rate independent of autonomic activation. J Appl Physiol, 87, 97–103.
  • Ivankovich AD, Braverman B, Kanuru RP, Heyman HJ, Paulissian R (1980): Cyanide antidotes and methods of their administration in dogs. Anesthesiology, 52, 210- 216.
  • Kaya S, Pirinçci İ, Traş B, Bilgili A, Baydan E, Akar F, Doğan A (1997): Veteriner Uygulamalı Farmakoloji, 319. Medisan, Ankara.
  • Kojda G, Kottenberg K, Noack E (1997): Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase induces cardiodepressive effects in normal rat hearts. Eur J Pharmacol, 334, 181-190.
  • Leor R, Michaeli J, Brezis M, Stessman J (1986): Laetrile intoxication and hepatic necrosis: a possible association. South Med J, 79, 259-260.
  • Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink AD (2001): A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide, 5, 62-71.
  • Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA (1988): The discovery of nitric oxide as an endogenous nitrovasodilator. Hypertension, 12, 365-372.
  • Musialek P, Lei M, Brown HF, Paterson DJ, Casadei B (1997): Nitric oxide can increase heart rate by stimulating the hyperpolarization-activated inward current, I(ƒ). Circ Res, 81, 60-68.
  • Müller-Strahl G, Kottenberg K, Zimmer HG, Noack E, Kojda G (2000): Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase augments the positive inotropic effect of nitric oxide donors in the rat heart. J Physiol, 522, 311-320.
  • Navarro MD (1959): Five years experience with laetrile therapy in advanced cancer. Acta Unio Int Contr Cancrum, 15, 209-221.
  • Pişkin İ, Şireli M, Sağmanlıgil V, Emre B (1999): Kobaylarda bazı anestezik maddelerin elektrokardiyogram üzerine etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 23, 161-166.
  • Pulido JEC, Rio MND (1980): Summary of some of the preclinical studies performed with kemdalin (100% amygdalin). Erişim: [http://www.worldwithoutcancer. org.uk/analysis7.html]. Erişim tarihi: 09.09.2006
  • Radomski MW, Palmer RM, Moncada S (1987): Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Lancet, 7, 1057-1058.
  • Rauws AG, Olling M, Timmerman A (1982): The pharmacokinetics of amygdalin. Arch Toxicol, 49, 311-319.
  • Salkowski A, Penney DG (1994): Cyanide poisoning in animals and humans: a review. Vet Hum Toxicol, 35, 455- 456.
  • Sanchez CP, Sanchez EP, Abad FF (2001) : Acute myocardial infarction after cyanide poisoning. Clin Inten Care, 12, 177-179.
  • Soffer A (1976): Chihuahuas and Laetrile, chelation therapy, and honay from boulder, colo. Arch Intern Med, 136, 865-866.
  • Stuehr DJ (1999): Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1411, 217-330.
  • Suchard JR, Wallace KL, Gerkin RD (1998): Acute cyanide toxicity caused by apricot kernel ingestion. Ann Emer Med, 32, 6.
  • Way, JL (1984): Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 24, 451-481.
  • Willhite CC (1982): Congenital malformations induced by laetrile. Science, 215, 1513.

Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi

Year 2007, Volume: 54 Issue: 2, 75 - 80, 01.06.2007

Salahattin Mehmet Soylu Meltem Şireli

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265

Abstract

Araştırmada amigdalinin kobaylarda elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit (NO) düzeyi üzerine etkileri incelendi. 32 kobay, bir kontrol ve geri kalan üç grup deney grupları olacak şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı ve 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg ve 200 mg/kg dozunda amigdalin tek doz, ağız yoluyla uygulandı. Uygulamayı takiben elektrokardiyografi çekimleri yapıldı ve serumda NO konsantrasyonları belirlendi. Serum NO miktarının kontrol grubuna göre sırasıyla 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg ve 200 mg/kg dozunda amigdalin uygulanan gruplarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p

Keywords

Amigdalin elektrokardiyogram kobay nitrik oksit

References

  • Adewusi SR, Oke OL (1985a): On the metabolism of amygdalin. 1. the LD50 and biochemical changes in rats. Can J Pharmacol, 63, 1080-1083.
  • Adewusi SR, Oke OL (1985b): On the metabolism of amygdalin. 2. the distribution of beta-glucosidase activity and orally administered amygdalin in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 63, 1084-1087.
  • Armstrong R (2001): The physiological role and pharmacological potential of nitric oxide in neutrophil activation. Int Immunopharmacol, 1, 1501-1512.
  • Baranano DE, Ferris CD, Snyder SH (2001): Atypical neural messengers. Trends Neurosci, 2, 99-106.
  • Baskin SI, Horowitz AM, Nealley EW (1992): The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. J Clin Pharmacol, 32, 368-375.
  • Basu TK (1983): High-dose ascorbic acid decreases detoxification of cyanide derived from amygdalin (laetrile): studies in guinea pigs. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 61, 1426-1430.
  • Budavari S (1996): The Merck Index, 639. 12th ed, NJ Merck & CO INC, Whitehouse Station.
  • Calver A, Collier J, Vallance P (1993): Nitric oxide and cardiovascular control. Exp Physiol, 78, 303-326.
  • Cederqvist B, Persson MG, Gustafsson LE (1994): Direct demonstration of NO formation in vivo from organic nitrites and nitrates, and correlation to effects on blood pressure and to in vitro effects. Biochem Pharmacol, 47, 1047-1053.
  • Chin RG, Calderon Y (2000): Acute cyanide poisoning: a case report. J Emer Med, 18, 441-445.
  • Dejam A, Hunter C, Schechter AN, Gladwin MT (2004): Emerging role of nitrite in human biology. Blood Cells Mol Dis, 32, 423-429.
  • Dorr RT, Paxinos J (1978): The current status of laetrile. Ann Intern Med, 89, 389-397.
  • Edwards NJ (1987): Atrioventricular heart block, 107- 114. Bolton’s Handbook of Canine and Feline Electro- cardiography. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
  • Faint RW (1992): Platelet-neutrophil interactions: their significance. Blood Rev, 6, 83-91.
  • Frakes RA, Sharma RP, Willhite CC (1986): Comparative metabolism of linamarin and amygdalin in hamsters. Food Chem Toxicol, 24, 417-420.
  • Fukuda T, Ito H, Mukainaka T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Yoshida T (2003): Anti-tumor promoting effect of glycosides from prunus persica seeds. Biol Pharm Bull, 26, 271-273.
  • Gewaltig MT, Kojda G (2002): Vasoprotection by nitric oxide: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cardiovasc Reserch, 55, 250-260.
  • Haisman DR, Knight DJ (1967): The enzymic hydrolysis of amygdalin. Biochem J, 103, 528-534.
  • Hamlin RL, Kijtawornrat A, Keene BW, Hamlin DM (2003): QT and RR intervals in conscious and anesthetized guinea pigs with highly varying RR intervals and given QTc-lengthening test articles. Tox Sci, 76, 437-442.
  • Hill GJ. Shine TE, Hill HZ, Miller C (1976): Failure of amygdalin to arrest B16 melanoma and BW5147 AKR leukemia. Canc Res, 36, 2102-2107.
  • Hill HZ, Backer R, Hill GJ (1980): Blood cyanide levels in mice after administration of amygdalin. Biopharm Drug Dispos, 1, 211-220.
  • Hogan N, Casadei B, Paterson DJ (1999): Nitric oxide donors can increase heart rate independent of autonomic activation. J Appl Physiol, 87, 97–103.
  • Ivankovich AD, Braverman B, Kanuru RP, Heyman HJ, Paulissian R (1980): Cyanide antidotes and methods of their administration in dogs. Anesthesiology, 52, 210- 216.
  • Kaya S, Pirinçci İ, Traş B, Bilgili A, Baydan E, Akar F, Doğan A (1997): Veteriner Uygulamalı Farmakoloji, 319. Medisan, Ankara.
  • Kojda G, Kottenberg K, Noack E (1997): Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase induces cardiodepressive effects in normal rat hearts. Eur J Pharmacol, 334, 181-190.
  • Leor R, Michaeli J, Brezis M, Stessman J (1986): Laetrile intoxication and hepatic necrosis: a possible association. South Med J, 79, 259-260.
  • Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink AD (2001): A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide, 5, 62-71.
  • Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA (1988): The discovery of nitric oxide as an endogenous nitrovasodilator. Hypertension, 12, 365-372.
  • Musialek P, Lei M, Brown HF, Paterson DJ, Casadei B (1997): Nitric oxide can increase heart rate by stimulating the hyperpolarization-activated inward current, I(ƒ). Circ Res, 81, 60-68.
  • Müller-Strahl G, Kottenberg K, Zimmer HG, Noack E, Kojda G (2000): Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase augments the positive inotropic effect of nitric oxide donors in the rat heart. J Physiol, 522, 311-320.
  • Navarro MD (1959): Five years experience with laetrile therapy in advanced cancer. Acta Unio Int Contr Cancrum, 15, 209-221.
  • Pişkin İ, Şireli M, Sağmanlıgil V, Emre B (1999): Kobaylarda bazı anestezik maddelerin elektrokardiyogram üzerine etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 23, 161-166.
  • Pulido JEC, Rio MND (1980): Summary of some of the preclinical studies performed with kemdalin (100% amygdalin). Erişim: [http://www.worldwithoutcancer. org.uk/analysis7.html]. Erişim tarihi: 09.09.2006
  • Radomski MW, Palmer RM, Moncada S (1987): Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits human platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Lancet, 7, 1057-1058.
  • Rauws AG, Olling M, Timmerman A (1982): The pharmacokinetics of amygdalin. Arch Toxicol, 49, 311-319.
  • Salkowski A, Penney DG (1994): Cyanide poisoning in animals and humans: a review. Vet Hum Toxicol, 35, 455- 456.
  • Sanchez CP, Sanchez EP, Abad FF (2001) : Acute myocardial infarction after cyanide poisoning. Clin Inten Care, 12, 177-179.
  • Soffer A (1976): Chihuahuas and Laetrile, chelation therapy, and honay from boulder, colo. Arch Intern Med, 136, 865-866.
  • Stuehr DJ (1999): Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1411, 217-330.
  • Suchard JR, Wallace KL, Gerkin RD (1998): Acute cyanide toxicity caused by apricot kernel ingestion. Ann Emer Med, 32, 6.
  • Way, JL (1984): Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 24, 451-481.
  • Willhite CC (1982): Congenital malformations induced by laetrile. Science, 215, 1513.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Salahattin Mehmet Soylu

Meltem Şireli

Publication Date June 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007Volume: 54 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Soylu, S. M., & Şireli, M. (2007). Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265
AMA Soylu SM, Şireli M. Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. June 2007;54(2):75-80. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265
Chicago Soylu, Salahattin Mehmet, and Meltem Şireli. “Kobaylarda Amigdalinin Elektrokardiyogram Ve Kan Nitrik Oksit düzeyine Etkisi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 54, no. 2 (June 2007): 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265.
EndNote Soylu SM, Şireli M (June 1, 2007) Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 54 2 75–80.
IEEE S. M. Soylu and M. Şireli, “Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 75–80, 2007, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265.
ISNAD Soylu, Salahattin Mehmet - Şireli, Meltem. “Kobaylarda Amigdalinin Elektrokardiyogram Ve Kan Nitrik Oksit düzeyine Etkisi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 54/2 (June 2007), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265.
JAMA Soylu SM, Şireli M. Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2007;54:75–80.
MLA Soylu, Salahattin Mehmet and Meltem Şireli. “Kobaylarda Amigdalinin Elektrokardiyogram Ve Kan Nitrik Oksit düzeyine Etkisi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 54, no. 2, 2007, pp. 75-80, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000000265.
Vancouver Soylu SM, Şireli M. Kobaylarda amigdalinin elektrokardiyogram ve kan nitrik oksit düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2007;54(2):75-80.