Research Article
Effects of replacing grain feed with rumen-protected fat on feedlot performance, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites in growing Merino lambs’ diets during the hot season
Abstract
In this study, the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) were evaluated as an energy source for partial replacement of grain feed in the diets of Merino male lambs during the hot season. Fourteen six months old Merino male lambs weighing average of 29.59 kg were randomly allocated into two groups: control diet (CON) and diets supplemented with 30 g/kg RPF. Live weight (LW), dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was then calculated. The ruminal pH, the ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations (NH3-N) value, the molar proportion of volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood serum as well as hematological parameters were determined and protozoa numbers were counted. While the live weight and daily gain of the lambs were not influenced by dietary treatments, DMI was increased with RPF supplementation. The ruminal pH, VFA and ruminal NH3-N concentrations were unchanged, but the protozoa numbers decreased significantly by RPF supplementation (P<0.05). RPF supplementation significantly affected some serum and hematological parameters in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, RPF may be added to concentrate mixture lamb feed at the level of 30 g/kg to enhance the diet energy density without negatively changing the animal’s performance.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
This work was supported by a grant from the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (Project number: 0343-NAP-16).
Project Number
0343-NAP-16
References
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- AOAC (1990): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 69-88. In: K Helrich (Ed), Official Methods of Analysis. USA
- Beever DE (2000): Forage evaluation for efficient ruminant livestock production. 15-42. In: DI Givens, E Owen, RFE, Axford (Eds), Forage Evaluation in Ruminant. CABI Publishing Nutrition, Oxon, United Kingdom.
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- Bettero VP, Valle TAD, Barletta RV, et al (2017): Use of protected fat sources to reduce fatty acid biohydrogenation and improve abomasal flow in dry dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 224, 30-38.
- Bhatt RS, Karim SA, Sahoo A, et al (2013): Growth performance of lambs fed diet supplemented with rice bran oil as such or as calcium soap. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 26, 812-819.
- Bhatt RS, Sahoo A, Karim SA, et al (2016): Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rumen bypass-fat supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of lambs. Anim Prod Sci, 58, 530-538.
- Bhatt RS, Soren NM, Tripathi MK, et al (2011): Effects of different levels of coconut oil supplementation on performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of Malpura lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 164, 29-37.
- Borton RJ, Loerch SC, McClure KE, et al (2005): Comparison of characteristics of lambs fed concentrate or grazed on ryegrass to traditional or heavy slaughter weights. I. Production, carcass, and organoleptic characteristics. J Anim Sci, 83, 679-685.
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- Crampton EW, Maynard LA (1938): The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J Nutr, 15, 383-395.
- Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and clinical biostatistics. 3rd ed., Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York, USA. 89, 131-153.
- Diaz TG, Branco AF, Jacovaci FA, et al (2018): Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology. PLoS ONE, 13, 1-12.
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- Moallem U, Altmark G, Lehrer H, et al (2010): Performance of high-yielding dairy cows supplemented with fat or concentrate under hot and humid climates. J Dairy Sci, 93, 3192–3202.
- Naik PK (2013): Bypass fat in dairy ration. Anim Nutr Feed Technol, 13, 147-163.
- Naik, PK, Saijpaul S, Neelam R (2009): Effect of ruminally protected fat on in vitro fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Feed Sci Technol, 153, 68-76.
- Nocek JE (1997): Bovine acidosis: Implications on laminitis. J Dairy Sci, 80, 1005-1028.
- NRC (2000): National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Ogimoto K, Imai S (1981): Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Societies Press, Tokyo.
- Seabrook JL, Peel RK, Engle TE (2011): The effects of replacing dietary carbohydrate with calcium salts of fatty acids on finishing lamb feedlot performance, blood metabolites, muscle fatty acid composition, and carcass characteristics. Small Ruminant Res, 95, 97-103.
- Shankhpal S, Parnerkar S, Bhanderi BM (2016): The effect of feeding bypass fat and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented total mixed ration on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance and feed conversion efficiency in weaner Surti kids. Livest Res International, 4, 11-17.
- TSE (1991): Turkish Standards Institute, Animal feeds determination of metabolizable energy (Chemical Method), 1-3.
- Tyagi N, Thakur SS, Shelke SK (2010): Effect of feeding bypass fat supplement on milk yield, its composition and nutrient utilization in crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Res, 26, 1-8.
- Van Dyke NJ, Anderson PM (2000): Interpreting a forage analysis. 890. Alabama Cooperative Extension. USA.
- Vieira AC, Camara AC, Mendonça CL, et al (2012): Hematological and biochemical profile of sheep supplemented with salinomycin and submitted to experimental lactic ruminal acidosis. J Ci Anim Bras, 13, 259-271.
- Wadhwa M, Grewal RS, Bakshi MPS, et al (2012): Effect of supplementing bypass fat on the performance of high yielding crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Sci, 82, 200-203.
- Xu Y, Ding Z (2011): Physiological, biochemical and histopathological effects of fermentative acidosis in ruminant production: a minimal. Span J Agric Res, 9, 414-422.
Year 2022,
Volume: 69 Issue: 2, 131 - 138, 25.03.2022
Abstract
Project Number
0343-NAP-16
References
- Alderman G (1985): Prediction of the energy value compound feeds. 3-52. In: W Haresign (Ed), Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Butterworth-Heinemann Press, London.
- AOAC (1990): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 69-88. In: K Helrich (Ed), Official Methods of Analysis. USA
- Beever DE (2000): Forage evaluation for efficient ruminant livestock production. 15-42. In: DI Givens, E Owen, RFE, Axford (Eds), Forage Evaluation in Ruminant. CABI Publishing Nutrition, Oxon, United Kingdom.
- Behan AA, Loh TC, Fakurazi S, et al (2019): Effects of supplementation of rumen protected fats on rumen ecology and digestibility of nutrients in sheep. Animals, 9, 2-18.
- Bettero VP, Valle TAD, Barletta RV, et al (2017): Use of protected fat sources to reduce fatty acid biohydrogenation and improve abomasal flow in dry dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 224, 30-38.
- Bhatt RS, Karim SA, Sahoo A, et al (2013): Growth performance of lambs fed diet supplemented with rice bran oil as such or as calcium soap. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 26, 812-819.
- Bhatt RS, Sahoo A, Karim SA, et al (2016): Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rumen bypass-fat supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of lambs. Anim Prod Sci, 58, 530-538.
- Bhatt RS, Soren NM, Tripathi MK, et al (2011): Effects of different levels of coconut oil supplementation on performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of Malpura lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 164, 29-37.
- Borton RJ, Loerch SC, McClure KE, et al (2005): Comparison of characteristics of lambs fed concentrate or grazed on ryegrass to traditional or heavy slaughter weights. I. Production, carcass, and organoleptic characteristics. J Anim Sci, 83, 679-685.
- Brown MS, Krehbiel CR, Galyean ML, et al (2000): Evaluation of models of acute and subacute acidosis on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, blood chemistry, and endocrine profiles of beef steers. J Anim Sci, 78, 3155-3168.
- Crampton EW, Maynard LA (1938): The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J Nutr, 15, 383-395.
- Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and clinical biostatistics. 3rd ed., Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York, USA. 89, 131-153.
- Diaz TG, Branco AF, Jacovaci FA, et al (2018): Inclusion of live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharides in high grain-based diets for sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory response and rumen morphology. PLoS ONE, 13, 1-12.
- Gilhossein M, Mahjoubi E, Zahmatkesh D, et al (2017): Exposure to sunlight results in lower concentrate intake during the hot hours of day in a cafeteria feeding of chopped alfalfa hay and concentrate in Afshari lambs. Small Ruminant Res, 157, 8-13.
- Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970). Forage Fibre Analysis, Agric Handbook No, 379. Washington, DC (Agricultural Research Service) US, Department Agriculture.
- Gümüş H, Şehu A (2016): Effect of yeast culture supplementation to beef rations on feedlot performance, some rumen and blood parameters. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 63, 39-46.
- Haddad SG, Younis HM (2014): The effect of adding ruminally protected fat in fattening diets on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 113, 61-69.
- Hammon HM, Metges CC, Junghans P, et al (2007): Metabolic changes and net portal flux in dairy cows fed a ration containing rumen-protected fat as compared to a control diet. J Dairy Sci, 91, 208-217.
- Ivan M, Mir PS, Koenig KM, et al (2001): Effects of dietary sunflower seed oil on rumen protozoa population and tissue concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in sheep. Small Ruminant Res, 41, 215-227.
- Kang HJ, Piao MY, Park SJ, et al (2019): Effects of heat stress and rumen-protected fat supplementation on growth performance, rumen characteristics, and blood parameters in growing Korean cattle steers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 32, 826-833.
- Liu HW, Xiong BH, Li K, et al (2015): Effects of suaeda glauca crushed seed on rumen microbial populations, ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and growth performance in Ujumqin lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 210, 104-113.
- Mahmood AK, Khan MS, Khan MA, et al (2013): Lactic acidosis in goats: prevalence, intra-ruminal and haematological investigations. J Anim Plant Sci, 23, 1527-1531.
- Manso T, Castro T, Mantecon AR, et al (2006): Effects of palm oil and calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids in fattening diets on digestibility, performance and chemical body composition of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 127, 175-186.
- Moallem U, Altmark G, Lehrer H, et al (2010): Performance of high-yielding dairy cows supplemented with fat or concentrate under hot and humid climates. J Dairy Sci, 93, 3192–3202.
- Naik PK (2013): Bypass fat in dairy ration. Anim Nutr Feed Technol, 13, 147-163.
- Naik, PK, Saijpaul S, Neelam R (2009): Effect of ruminally protected fat on in vitro fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Feed Sci Technol, 153, 68-76.
- Nocek JE (1997): Bovine acidosis: Implications on laminitis. J Dairy Sci, 80, 1005-1028.
- NRC (2000): National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Ogimoto K, Imai S (1981): Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Societies Press, Tokyo.
- Seabrook JL, Peel RK, Engle TE (2011): The effects of replacing dietary carbohydrate with calcium salts of fatty acids on finishing lamb feedlot performance, blood metabolites, muscle fatty acid composition, and carcass characteristics. Small Ruminant Res, 95, 97-103.
- Shankhpal S, Parnerkar S, Bhanderi BM (2016): The effect of feeding bypass fat and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented total mixed ration on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance and feed conversion efficiency in weaner Surti kids. Livest Res International, 4, 11-17.
- TSE (1991): Turkish Standards Institute, Animal feeds determination of metabolizable energy (Chemical Method), 1-3.
- Tyagi N, Thakur SS, Shelke SK (2010): Effect of feeding bypass fat supplement on milk yield, its composition and nutrient utilization in crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Res, 26, 1-8.
- Van Dyke NJ, Anderson PM (2000): Interpreting a forage analysis. 890. Alabama Cooperative Extension. USA.
- Vieira AC, Camara AC, Mendonça CL, et al (2012): Hematological and biochemical profile of sheep supplemented with salinomycin and submitted to experimental lactic ruminal acidosis. J Ci Anim Bras, 13, 259-271.
- Wadhwa M, Grewal RS, Bakshi MPS, et al (2012): Effect of supplementing bypass fat on the performance of high yielding crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Sci, 82, 200-203.
- Xu Y, Ding Z (2011): Physiological, biochemical and histopathological effects of fermentative acidosis in ruminant production: a minimal. Span J Agric Res, 9, 414-422.
There are 37 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 0343-NAP-16 |
| Publication Date | March 25, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 69 Issue: 2 |
