Research Article
A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin
Year 2023, Volume: 70 Issue: 1, 57 - 64, 30.12.2022Abstract
The study aimed to reveal the similarities and differences of the tongue of the merlin with other bird species. Merlin is the smallest bird of the Falconidae family and lives in America, the northern regions of Europe and Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Since these species don’t have teeth, lips, and cheeks, the tongue fulfills significant functions related to nutrition, and it differs morphologically as a result of differences in eating habits. In this study, the tongues obtained from five adult merlin (falco columbarius) were examined by morphological and stereological methods. It was determined that the tongue of the merlin was thin, long, and rectangular, the front part was oval, W-shaped papilla linguales caudales were found between the body and root of the tongue. The average length of the tongue was 26.32 ± 1.38 mm, the width was 7.26 ± 0.32 mm, and the thickness was 1.58 ± 0.14 mm. The histology of the tongue showed that the dorsal and ventral surfaces are covered with keratinized multilayered squamous epithelium; there are taste buds in the epithelial layer, the number of taste buds is higher especially on the root of the tongue; and the presence of paraglossum, which is in the hyaline cartilage structure. The volume of the tongue was on an average of 374.2 ± 14.08 mm3.
Keywords
References
- Abumandour MMA (2014): Gross anatomical studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in Eurasian hobby (Falconinae: Falco Subbuteo, Linnaeus 1758). J Life Sci Res, 1, 80-92.
- Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758). Anat Histol Embryol, 46, 347–358.
- Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Hume’s tawny owl (Strix butleri). Anat Sci Int, 92, 352–363.
- Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2016): Light and scanning electron microscopic features of the tongue in cattle egret. Microsc Res Tech, 79, 595-603.
- Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S, Elsheikh EH (2014): Ultramorphological and histological studies on the tongue of the common kingfisher in relation to its feeding habit. J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 91-99.
- Başak F, Atalgin ŞH, Bozkurt EÜ (2017): Tongue and lingual salivary glands of the canary: SEM and histochemical study. Folia Morphol, 76, 348-354.
- Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, et al (1993): Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd ed., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Bozkurt EÜ, Gültiken ME, Yıldız D (2018): Ultrastructure of the tongue and histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in buzzards. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 42, 161-167.
- Dehkordi RAF, Parchami A, Bahadoran S (2010): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the zebra finch Carduelis carduelis (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Slov Vet Res, 47, 139-144.
- El-Beltagy AM (2013): Comparative studies on the tongue of whitethroated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Egypt Acad J Biol Sci, 4, 1–14.
- Elsheikh EH, Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2014): Light and scanning electron microscopical studies of the tongue in the hooded crow (Aves: Corvus corone cornix). J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 83-90.
- Emura S (2009): SEM studies on the lingual dorsal surfaces in three species of herons. Med Biol, 153, 423–430.
- Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2009): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Dendrocopos kizuki). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 31-35.
- Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2010): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the jungle nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 117-120.
- Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2012): Scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue in the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 89, 57–60.
- Erdogan S, Iwasaki S (2014): Function-related morphological characteristics and specialized structures of the avian tongue. Ann Anat, 196, 75–87.
- Erdoğan S, Perez W (2015): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic characteristics o f the oropharyngeal cavity (tongue, palate and laryngeal entrance) in the southern lapwing (Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis, Molina 1782). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 264-272.
- Erdogan S, Pérez W, Alan A (2012): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic investigations of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus, Cretzschmar, 1829). Microsc Res Tech, 75, 1245-1252.
- Gooders J (1995): Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins Ltd, UK.
- Gundersen HJG, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L, et al (1988): Some new, simple, and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS, 96, 379-394.
- Igwebuike UM, Eze UU (2010): Anatomy of the oropharynx and tongue of the African pied crow (Corvus albus). Vet Arh, 80, 523-531.
- Iwasaki S (2002): Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat, 201, 1–13.
- Iwasaki S, Asami T, Chiba A (1997): Ultrastructural study of the keratinization of the dorsal epithelium of the tongue of Middendorff’s bean goose, Anser fabalis middendorffii (Anseres, Antidae). Anat Rec, 247, 149–163.
- İnce NG, Pazvant G, Kahvecioglu KO (2010): Macro Anatomic Investigations on Digestive System of Marmara Region Sea Gulls. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 1757-1760.
- Jackowiak H, Godynicki S (2005): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the white tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipitridae, Aves). Ann Anat, 187, 251-259.
- Jackowiak H, Ludwig M (2008): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the structure of the ostrich (Strutio camelus) tongue. Zool Sci, 25, 188–194.
- Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, et al (2011): Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica). Anat, 294, 1574–1584.
- Kadhim KK, Atia MAK, Hameed Al-T (2014): Histomorphological and histochemical study on the tongue of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus). Int J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 156-161.
- Kobayashi K, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, et al (1998): Fine structure of the tongue and lingual papillae of the penguin. Arch Histol Cytol, 61, 37-46.
- Moussa EA, Hassan SA (2013): Comparative gross and surface morphology of the oropharynx of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix) and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). J Vet Anat, 6, 1-15.
- Onuk B, Tutuncu S, Kabak M, et al (2013): Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 60-66.
- Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF (2013): Light and electron microscopic study of the tongue in the White-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Iran J Vet Res, 14, 9-14.
- Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF, Bahadoran S (2010): Scanning electron microscopy of the tongue in the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Aves: Falconiformes: Accipitridae). World J Zool, 5, 257-263.
- Rico-Guevara A, Rubega MA (2011): The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap, not a capillary tube. PNAS, 108, 9356-9360.
- Santos TC, Fukuda KY, Guimarães JP, et al (2011): Light and scanning electron microscopy study of the tongue in Rhea americana. Zool Sci, 28, 41-46.
- Schlamowitz R, Hainsworth FR, Wolf LL (1976): On the Tongues of Sunbirds. Condor, 78, 104-107.
- Sharma K, Shrivastav S, Hotwani K (2016): Volumetric MRI Evaluation of Airway, Tongue, and Mandible in Different Skeletal Patterns: Does a Link to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Exist (OSA)? Int J Orthod, 27, 39-48.
- Toprak B, Balkaya H, Yılmaz S (2016): Atmacada (Accipiter nisus) Ağız–Yutak Boşluğunun Makroskobik Yapısı Üzerine İncelemeler. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 30, 165-170.
- Tütüncü Ş, Onuk B, Kabak M (2012): Leylek (Ciconia ciconia) dili üzerindeki morfolojik bir çalışma. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 623-626.
- Uysal T, Yagci A, Ucar FI, et al (2013): Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity. Eur J Orthod, 35, 555-562.
Bozdoğan Dilinin Makroanatomik ve Stereolojik Olarak İncelenmesi
Year 2023, Volume: 70 Issue: 1, 57 - 64, 30.12.2022Abstract
Bozdoğan, doğangiller (Falconidae) familyasının en küçük kuş türü olup Amerika, Avrupa ve Asya’nın kuzey bölgelerinde, Ortadoğu ve Orta Asya’da yaşar. Kanatlılarda diş, dudak ve yanak gibi organlar bulunmadığından dil beslenme ile ilgili önemli fonksiyonları yerine getirmektedir. Beslenme alışkanlıklarındaki farklılıklar sonucunda morfolojik olarak oldukça farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışmamızda beş adet ergin bozdoğandan (falco columbarius) elde edilen diller morfolojik ve stereolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Morfolojik incelemelerimiz sonucu bozdoğan dilinin ince, uzun ve dikdörtgen şeklinde, ön kısmının oval olduğu, corpus linquae'sı ile radix linguae’sı arasında papilla linguales caudales’lerin bulunduğu tespit edildi. Ölçümlerimiz sonucunda ise dilin uzunluğunun ortalama 26,32 ± 1,38 mm, eninin ortalama 7,26 ± 0,32 mm, kalınlığının ise 1,58 ± 0,14 mm olduğu saptandı. Histolojik incelemelerimizde bozdoğan dilinin dorsal ve ventral yüzeyinin keratinize çok katlı yassı epitel ile kaplı olduğu, epitel katman içerisinde özellikle radix lingua tarafında sayısı artan biçimde tat tomurcukları bulunduğu ve dil dokusu içerisinde sağlı sollu bulunan ve hyalin kıkırdak yapısında olan paraglossum’un varlığı saptandı. Dilin stereolojik olarak hesapladığımız hacmi ise ortalama 374.2 ± 14.08 mm3 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Abumandour MMA (2014): Gross anatomical studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in Eurasian hobby (Falconinae: Falco Subbuteo, Linnaeus 1758). J Life Sci Res, 1, 80-92.
- Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758). Anat Histol Embryol, 46, 347–358.
- Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Hume’s tawny owl (Strix butleri). Anat Sci Int, 92, 352–363.
- Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2016): Light and scanning electron microscopic features of the tongue in cattle egret. Microsc Res Tech, 79, 595-603.
- Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S, Elsheikh EH (2014): Ultramorphological and histological studies on the tongue of the common kingfisher in relation to its feeding habit. J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 91-99.
- Başak F, Atalgin ŞH, Bozkurt EÜ (2017): Tongue and lingual salivary glands of the canary: SEM and histochemical study. Folia Morphol, 76, 348-354.
- Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, et al (1993): Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd ed., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Bozkurt EÜ, Gültiken ME, Yıldız D (2018): Ultrastructure of the tongue and histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in buzzards. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 42, 161-167.
- Dehkordi RAF, Parchami A, Bahadoran S (2010): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the zebra finch Carduelis carduelis (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Slov Vet Res, 47, 139-144.
- El-Beltagy AM (2013): Comparative studies on the tongue of whitethroated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Egypt Acad J Biol Sci, 4, 1–14.
- Elsheikh EH, Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2014): Light and scanning electron microscopical studies of the tongue in the hooded crow (Aves: Corvus corone cornix). J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 83-90.
- Emura S (2009): SEM studies on the lingual dorsal surfaces in three species of herons. Med Biol, 153, 423–430.
- Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2009): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Dendrocopos kizuki). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 31-35.
- Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2010): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the jungle nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 117-120.
- Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2012): Scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue in the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 89, 57–60.
- Erdogan S, Iwasaki S (2014): Function-related morphological characteristics and specialized structures of the avian tongue. Ann Anat, 196, 75–87.
- Erdoğan S, Perez W (2015): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic characteristics o f the oropharyngeal cavity (tongue, palate and laryngeal entrance) in the southern lapwing (Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis, Molina 1782). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 264-272.
- Erdogan S, Pérez W, Alan A (2012): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic investigations of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus, Cretzschmar, 1829). Microsc Res Tech, 75, 1245-1252.
- Gooders J (1995): Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins Ltd, UK.
- Gundersen HJG, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L, et al (1988): Some new, simple, and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS, 96, 379-394.
- Igwebuike UM, Eze UU (2010): Anatomy of the oropharynx and tongue of the African pied crow (Corvus albus). Vet Arh, 80, 523-531.
- Iwasaki S (2002): Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat, 201, 1–13.
- Iwasaki S, Asami T, Chiba A (1997): Ultrastructural study of the keratinization of the dorsal epithelium of the tongue of Middendorff’s bean goose, Anser fabalis middendorffii (Anseres, Antidae). Anat Rec, 247, 149–163.
- İnce NG, Pazvant G, Kahvecioglu KO (2010): Macro Anatomic Investigations on Digestive System of Marmara Region Sea Gulls. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 1757-1760.
- Jackowiak H, Godynicki S (2005): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the white tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipitridae, Aves). Ann Anat, 187, 251-259.
- Jackowiak H, Ludwig M (2008): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the structure of the ostrich (Strutio camelus) tongue. Zool Sci, 25, 188–194.
- Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, et al (2011): Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica). Anat, 294, 1574–1584.
- Kadhim KK, Atia MAK, Hameed Al-T (2014): Histomorphological and histochemical study on the tongue of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus). Int J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 156-161.
- Kobayashi K, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, et al (1998): Fine structure of the tongue and lingual papillae of the penguin. Arch Histol Cytol, 61, 37-46.
- Moussa EA, Hassan SA (2013): Comparative gross and surface morphology of the oropharynx of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix) and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). J Vet Anat, 6, 1-15.
- Onuk B, Tutuncu S, Kabak M, et al (2013): Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 60-66.
- Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF (2013): Light and electron microscopic study of the tongue in the White-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Iran J Vet Res, 14, 9-14.
- Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF, Bahadoran S (2010): Scanning electron microscopy of the tongue in the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Aves: Falconiformes: Accipitridae). World J Zool, 5, 257-263.
- Rico-Guevara A, Rubega MA (2011): The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap, not a capillary tube. PNAS, 108, 9356-9360.
- Santos TC, Fukuda KY, Guimarães JP, et al (2011): Light and scanning electron microscopy study of the tongue in Rhea americana. Zool Sci, 28, 41-46.
- Schlamowitz R, Hainsworth FR, Wolf LL (1976): On the Tongues of Sunbirds. Condor, 78, 104-107.
- Sharma K, Shrivastav S, Hotwani K (2016): Volumetric MRI Evaluation of Airway, Tongue, and Mandible in Different Skeletal Patterns: Does a Link to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Exist (OSA)? Int J Orthod, 27, 39-48.
- Toprak B, Balkaya H, Yılmaz S (2016): Atmacada (Accipiter nisus) Ağız–Yutak Boşluğunun Makroskobik Yapısı Üzerine İncelemeler. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 30, 165-170.
- Tütüncü Ş, Onuk B, Kabak M (2012): Leylek (Ciconia ciconia) dili üzerindeki morfolojik bir çalışma. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 623-626.
- Uysal T, Yagci A, Ucar FI, et al (2013): Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity. Eur J Orthod, 35, 555-562.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors |
|
| Supporting Institution | Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi |
| Project Number | 18.KARİYER.118 |
| Thanks | This paper was presented in International Congress on Biological and Health Sciences, 2021. |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 70 Issue: 1 |
Cite
| Bibtex | @research article { auvfd882553, journal = {Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi}, issn = {1300-0861}, eissn = {1308-2817}, address = {}, publisher = {Ankara University}, year = {2023}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, pages = {57 - 64}, doi = {10.33988/auvfd.882553}, title = {A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin}, key = {cite}, author = {Akalan, Mehmet Aydın and Çevik Demirkan, Aysun and Türkmenoğlu, İsmail and Demirkan, İbrahim and Özdemir, Vural and Akosman, Murat Sırrı} } |
| APA | Akalan, M. A. , Çevik Demirkan, A. , Türkmenoğlu, İ. , Demirkan, İ. , Özdemir, V. & Akosman, M. S. (2023). A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin . Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi , 70 (1) , 57-64 . DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.882553 |
| MLA | Akalan, M. A. , Çevik Demirkan, A. , Türkmenoğlu, İ. , Demirkan, İ. , Özdemir, V. , Akosman, M. S. "A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin" . Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 70 (2023 ): 57-64 <http://vetjournal.ankara.edu.tr/en/pub/issue/74067/882553> |
| Chicago | Akalan, M. A. , Çevik Demirkan, A. , Türkmenoğlu, İ. , Demirkan, İ. , Özdemir, V. , Akosman, M. S. "A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin". Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 70 (2023 ): 57-64 |
| RIS | TY - JOUR T1 - A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin AU - Mehmet AydınAkalan, AysunÇevik Demirkan, İsmailTürkmenoğlu, İbrahimDemirkan, VuralÖzdemir, Murat SırrıAkosman Y1 - 2023 PY - 2023 N1 - doi: 10.33988/auvfd.882553 DO - 10.33988/auvfd.882553 T2 - Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 1300-0861-1308-2817 M3 - doi: 10.33988/auvfd.882553 UR - https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553 Y2 - 2021 ER - |
| EndNote | %0 Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin %A Mehmet Aydın Akalan , Aysun Çevik Demirkan , İsmail Türkmenoğlu , İbrahim Demirkan , Vural Özdemir , Murat Sırrı Akosman %T A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin %D 2023 %J Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi %P 1300-0861-1308-2817 %V 70 %N 1 %R doi: 10.33988/auvfd.882553 %U 10.33988/auvfd.882553 |
| ISNAD | Akalan, Mehmet Aydın , Çevik Demirkan, Aysun , Türkmenoğlu, İsmail , Demirkan, İbrahim , Özdemir, Vural , Akosman, Murat Sırrı . "A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin". Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 70 / 1 (December 2022): 57-64 . https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553 |
| AMA | Akalan M. A. , Çevik Demirkan A. , Türkmenoğlu İ. , Demirkan İ. , Özdemir V. , Akosman M. S. A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2023; 70(1): 57-64. |
| Vancouver | Akalan M. A. , Çevik Demirkan A. , Türkmenoğlu İ. , Demirkan İ. , Özdemir V. , Akosman M. S. A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023; 70(1): 57-64. |
| IEEE | M. A. Akalan , A. Çevik Demirkan , İ. Türkmenoğlu , İ. Demirkan , V. Özdemir and M. S. Akosman , "A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin", Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 57-64, Dec. 2022, doi:10.33988/auvfd.882553 |
