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A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin

Year 2023, Volume: 70 Issue: 1, 57 - 64, 30.12.2022

Mehmet Aydın Akalan , Aysun Çevik Demirkan , İsmail Türkmenoğlu , İbrahim Demirkan , Vural Özdemir , Murat Sırrı Akosman

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553

Abstract

The study aimed to reveal the similarities and differences of the tongue of the merlin with other bird species. Merlin is the smallest bird of the Falconidae family and lives in America, the northern regions of Europe and Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Since these species don’t have teeth, lips, and cheeks, the tongue fulfills significant functions related to nutrition, and it differs morphologically as a result of differences in eating habits. In this study, the tongues obtained from five adult merlin (falco columbarius) were examined by morphological and stereological methods. It was determined that the tongue of the merlin was thin, long, and rectangular, the front part was oval, W-shaped papilla linguales caudales were found between the body and root of the tongue. The average length of the tongue was 26.32 ± 1.38 mm, the width was 7.26 ± 0.32 mm, and the thickness was 1.58 ± 0.14 mm. The histology of the tongue showed that the dorsal and ventral surfaces are covered with keratinized multilayered squamous epithelium; there are taste buds in the epithelial layer, the number of taste buds is higher especially on the root of the tongue; and the presence of paraglossum, which is in the hyaline cartilage structure. The volume of the tongue was on an average of 374.2 ± 14.08 mm3.

Keywords

Falco columbarius merlin morphology stereology tongue

Supporting Institution

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

18.KARİYER.118

Thanks

This paper was presented in International Congress on Biological and Health Sciences, 2021.

References

  • Abumandour MMA (2014): Gross anatomical studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in Eurasian hobby (Falconinae: Falco Subbuteo, Linnaeus 1758). J Life Sci Res, 1, 80-92.
  • Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758). Anat Histol Embryol, 46, 347–358.
  • Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Hume’s tawny owl (Strix butleri). Anat Sci Int, 92, 352–363.
  • Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2016): Light and scanning electron microscopic features of the tongue in cattle egret. Microsc Res Tech, 79, 595-603.
  • Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S, Elsheikh EH (2014): Ultramorphological and histological studies on the tongue of the common kingfisher in relation to its feeding habit. J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 91-99.
  • Başak F, Atalgin ŞH, Bozkurt EÜ (2017): Tongue and lingual salivary glands of the canary: SEM and histochemical study. Folia Morphol, 76, 348-354.
  • Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, et al (1993): Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd ed., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Bozkurt EÜ, Gültiken ME, Yıldız D (2018): Ultrastructure of the tongue and histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in buzzards. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 42, 161-167.
  • Dehkordi RAF, Parchami A, Bahadoran S (2010): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the zebra finch Carduelis carduelis (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Slov Vet Res, 47, 139-144.
  • El-Beltagy AM (2013): Comparative studies on the tongue of whitethroated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Egypt Acad J Biol Sci, 4, 1–14.
  • Elsheikh EH, Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2014): Light and scanning electron microscopical studies of the tongue in the hooded crow (Aves: Corvus corone cornix). J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 83-90.
  • Emura S (2009): SEM studies on the lingual dorsal surfaces in three species of herons. Med Biol, 153, 423–430.
  • Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2009): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Dendrocopos kizuki). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 31-35.
  • Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2010): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the jungle nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 117-120.
  • Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2012): Scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue in the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 89, 57–60.
  • Erdogan S, Iwasaki S (2014): Function-related morphological characteristics and specialized structures of the avian tongue. Ann Anat, 196, 75–87.
  • Erdoğan S, Perez W (2015): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic characteristics o f the oropharyngeal cavity (tongue, palate and laryngeal entrance) in the southern lapwing (Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis, Molina 1782). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 264-272.
  • Erdogan S, Pérez W, Alan A (2012): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic investigations of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus, Cretzschmar, 1829). Microsc Res Tech, 75, 1245-1252.
  • Gooders J (1995): Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins Ltd, UK.
  • Gundersen HJG, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L, et al (1988): Some new, simple, and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS, 96, 379-394.
  • Igwebuike UM, Eze UU (2010): Anatomy of the oropharynx and tongue of the African pied crow (Corvus albus). Vet Arh, 80, 523-531.
  • Iwasaki S (2002): Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat, 201, 1–13.
  • Iwasaki S, Asami T, Chiba A (1997): Ultrastructural study of the keratinization of the dorsal epithelium of the tongue of Middendorff’s bean goose, Anser fabalis middendorffii (Anseres, Antidae). Anat Rec, 247, 149–163.
  • İnce NG, Pazvant G, Kahvecioglu KO (2010): Macro Anatomic Investigations on Digestive System of Marmara Region Sea Gulls. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 1757-1760.
  • Jackowiak H, Godynicki S (2005): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the white tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipitridae, Aves). Ann Anat, 187, 251-259.
  • Jackowiak H, Ludwig M (2008): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the structure of the ostrich (Strutio camelus) tongue. Zool Sci, 25, 188–194.
  • Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, et al (2011): Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica). Anat, 294, 1574–1584.
  • Kadhim KK, Atia MAK, Hameed Al-T (2014): Histomorphological and histochemical study on the tongue of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus). Int J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 156-161.
  • Kobayashi K, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, et al (1998): Fine structure of the tongue and lingual papillae of the penguin. Arch Histol Cytol, 61, 37-46.
  • Moussa EA, Hassan SA (2013): Comparative gross and surface morphology of the oropharynx of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix) and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). J Vet Anat, 6, 1-15.
  • Onuk B, Tutuncu S, Kabak M, et al (2013): Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 60-66.
  • Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF (2013): Light and electron microscopic study of the tongue in the White-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Iran J Vet Res, 14, 9-14.
  • Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF, Bahadoran S (2010): Scanning electron microscopy of the tongue in the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Aves: Falconiformes: Accipitridae). World J Zool, 5, 257-263.
  • Rico-Guevara A, Rubega MA (2011): The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap, not a capillary tube. PNAS, 108, 9356-9360.
  • Santos TC, Fukuda KY, Guimarães JP, et al (2011): Light and scanning electron microscopy study of the tongue in Rhea americana. Zool Sci, 28, 41-46.
  • Schlamowitz R, Hainsworth FR, Wolf LL (1976): On the Tongues of Sunbirds. Condor, 78, 104-107.
  • Sharma K, Shrivastav S, Hotwani K (2016): Volumetric MRI Evaluation of Airway, Tongue, and Mandible in Different Skeletal Patterns: Does a Link to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Exist (OSA)? Int J Orthod, 27, 39-48.
  • Toprak B, Balkaya H, Yılmaz S (2016): Atmacada (Accipiter nisus) Ağız–Yutak Boşluğunun Makroskobik Yapısı Üzerine İncelemeler. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 30, 165-170.
  • Tütüncü Ş, Onuk B, Kabak M (2012): Leylek (Ciconia ciconia) dili üzerindeki morfolojik bir çalışma. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 623-626.
  • Uysal T, Yagci A, Ucar FI, et al (2013): Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity. Eur J Orthod, 35, 555-562.

Bozdoğan Dilinin Makroanatomik ve Stereolojik Olarak İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 70 Issue: 1, 57 - 64, 30.12.2022

Mehmet Aydın Akalan , Aysun Çevik Demirkan , İsmail Türkmenoğlu , İbrahim Demirkan , Vural Özdemir , Murat Sırrı Akosman

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553

Abstract

Bozdoğan, doğangiller (Falconidae) familyasının en küçük kuş türü olup Amerika, Avrupa ve Asya’nın kuzey bölgelerinde, Ortadoğu ve Orta Asya’da yaşar. Kanatlılarda diş, dudak ve yanak gibi organlar bulunmadığından dil beslenme ile ilgili önemli fonksiyonları yerine getirmektedir. Beslenme alışkanlıklarındaki farklılıklar sonucunda morfolojik olarak oldukça farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışmamızda beş adet ergin bozdoğandan (falco columbarius) elde edilen diller morfolojik ve stereolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Morfolojik incelemelerimiz sonucu bozdoğan dilinin ince, uzun ve dikdörtgen şeklinde, ön kısmının oval olduğu, corpus linquae'sı ile radix linguae’sı arasında papilla linguales caudales’lerin bulunduğu tespit edildi. Ölçümlerimiz sonucunda ise dilin uzunluğunun ortalama 26,32 ± 1,38 mm, eninin ortalama 7,26 ± 0,32 mm, kalınlığının ise 1,58 ± 0,14 mm olduğu saptandı. Histolojik incelemelerimizde bozdoğan dilinin dorsal ve ventral yüzeyinin keratinize çok katlı yassı epitel ile kaplı olduğu, epitel katman içerisinde özellikle radix lingua tarafında sayısı artan biçimde tat tomurcukları bulunduğu ve dil dokusu içerisinde sağlı sollu bulunan ve hyalin kıkırdak yapısında olan paraglossum’un varlığı saptandı. Dilin stereolojik olarak hesapladığımız hacmi ise ortalama 374.2 ± 14.08 mm3 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

bozdoğan dil Falco columbarius morfoloji stereoloji

Project Number

18.KARİYER.118

References

  • Abumandour MMA (2014): Gross anatomical studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in Eurasian hobby (Falconinae: Falco Subbuteo, Linnaeus 1758). J Life Sci Res, 1, 80-92.
  • Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra, Linnaeus, 1758). Anat Histol Embryol, 46, 347–358.
  • Abumandour MMA, El-Bakary NER (2017): Morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Hume’s tawny owl (Strix butleri). Anat Sci Int, 92, 352–363.
  • Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2016): Light and scanning electron microscopic features of the tongue in cattle egret. Microsc Res Tech, 79, 595-603.
  • Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S, Elsheikh EH (2014): Ultramorphological and histological studies on the tongue of the common kingfisher in relation to its feeding habit. J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 91-99.
  • Başak F, Atalgin ŞH, Bozkurt EÜ (2017): Tongue and lingual salivary glands of the canary: SEM and histochemical study. Folia Morphol, 76, 348-354.
  • Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, et al (1993): Handbook of Avian Anatomy. Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd ed., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Bozkurt EÜ, Gültiken ME, Yıldız D (2018): Ultrastructure of the tongue and histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in buzzards. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 42, 161-167.
  • Dehkordi RAF, Parchami A, Bahadoran S (2010): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the zebra finch Carduelis carduelis (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Slov Vet Res, 47, 139-144.
  • El-Beltagy AM (2013): Comparative studies on the tongue of whitethroated kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Egypt Acad J Biol Sci, 4, 1–14.
  • Elsheikh EH, Al-Ahmady Al-Zahaby S (2014): Light and scanning electron microscopical studies of the tongue in the hooded crow (Aves: Corvus corone cornix). J Basic Appl Zool, 67, 83-90.
  • Emura S (2009): SEM studies on the lingual dorsal surfaces in three species of herons. Med Biol, 153, 423–430.
  • Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2009): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Dendrocopos kizuki). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 31-35.
  • Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2010): Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the jungle nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 86, 117-120.
  • Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H (2012): Scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue in the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 89, 57–60.
  • Erdogan S, Iwasaki S (2014): Function-related morphological characteristics and specialized structures of the avian tongue. Ann Anat, 196, 75–87.
  • Erdoğan S, Perez W (2015): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic characteristics o f the oropharyngeal cavity (tongue, palate and laryngeal entrance) in the southern lapwing (Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis, Molina 1782). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 264-272.
  • Erdogan S, Pérez W, Alan A (2012): Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic investigations of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus, Cretzschmar, 1829). Microsc Res Tech, 75, 1245-1252.
  • Gooders J (1995): Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins Ltd, UK.
  • Gundersen HJG, Bendtsen TF, Korbo L, et al (1988): Some new, simple, and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS, 96, 379-394.
  • Igwebuike UM, Eze UU (2010): Anatomy of the oropharynx and tongue of the African pied crow (Corvus albus). Vet Arh, 80, 523-531.
  • Iwasaki S (2002): Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat, 201, 1–13.
  • Iwasaki S, Asami T, Chiba A (1997): Ultrastructural study of the keratinization of the dorsal epithelium of the tongue of Middendorff’s bean goose, Anser fabalis middendorffii (Anseres, Antidae). Anat Rec, 247, 149–163.
  • İnce NG, Pazvant G, Kahvecioglu KO (2010): Macro Anatomic Investigations on Digestive System of Marmara Region Sea Gulls. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 1757-1760.
  • Jackowiak H, Godynicki S (2005): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the white tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipitridae, Aves). Ann Anat, 187, 251-259.
  • Jackowiak H, Ludwig M (2008): Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the structure of the ostrich (Strutio camelus) tongue. Zool Sci, 25, 188–194.
  • Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, et al (2011): Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica). Anat, 294, 1574–1584.
  • Kadhim KK, Atia MAK, Hameed Al-T (2014): Histomorphological and histochemical study on the tongue of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus). Int J Anim Vet Adv, 6, 156-161.
  • Kobayashi K, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, et al (1998): Fine structure of the tongue and lingual papillae of the penguin. Arch Histol Cytol, 61, 37-46.
  • Moussa EA, Hassan SA (2013): Comparative gross and surface morphology of the oropharynx of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix) and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). J Vet Anat, 6, 1-15.
  • Onuk B, Tutuncu S, Kabak M, et al (2013): Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Acta Zool Stockh, 96, 60-66.
  • Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF (2013): Light and electron microscopic study of the tongue in the White-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Iran J Vet Res, 14, 9-14.
  • Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF, Bahadoran S (2010): Scanning electron microscopy of the tongue in the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Aves: Falconiformes: Accipitridae). World J Zool, 5, 257-263.
  • Rico-Guevara A, Rubega MA (2011): The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap, not a capillary tube. PNAS, 108, 9356-9360.
  • Santos TC, Fukuda KY, Guimarães JP, et al (2011): Light and scanning electron microscopy study of the tongue in Rhea americana. Zool Sci, 28, 41-46.
  • Schlamowitz R, Hainsworth FR, Wolf LL (1976): On the Tongues of Sunbirds. Condor, 78, 104-107.
  • Sharma K, Shrivastav S, Hotwani K (2016): Volumetric MRI Evaluation of Airway, Tongue, and Mandible in Different Skeletal Patterns: Does a Link to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Exist (OSA)? Int J Orthod, 27, 39-48.
  • Toprak B, Balkaya H, Yılmaz S (2016): Atmacada (Accipiter nisus) Ağız–Yutak Boşluğunun Makroskobik Yapısı Üzerine İncelemeler. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 30, 165-170.
  • Tütüncü Ş, Onuk B, Kabak M (2012): Leylek (Ciconia ciconia) dili üzerindeki morfolojik bir çalışma. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 623-626.
  • Uysal T, Yagci A, Ucar FI, et al (2013): Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity. Eur J Orthod, 35, 555-562.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Aydın Akalan 0000-0001-9924-2920

Aysun Çevik Demirkan 0000-0002-5824-5831

İsmail Türkmenoğlu 0000-0001-6591-7774

İbrahim Demirkan 0000-0002-0908-8331

Vural Özdemir 0000-0001-6591-7774

Murat Sırrı Akosman 0000-0001-6675-8840

Project Number 18.KARİYER.118
Publication Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 70 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akalan, M. A., Çevik Demirkan, A., Türkmenoğlu, İ., Demirkan, İ., et al. (2022). A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 70(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553
AMA Akalan MA, Çevik Demirkan A, Türkmenoğlu İ, Demirkan İ, Özdemir V, Akosman MS. A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. December 2022;70(1):57-64. doi:10.33988/auvfd.882553
Chicago Akalan, Mehmet Aydın, Aysun Çevik Demirkan, İsmail Türkmenoğlu, İbrahim Demirkan, Vural Özdemir, and Murat Sırrı Akosman. “A Morphological and Stereological Investigation on the Tongue of the Merlin”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 70, no. 1 (December 2022): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553.
EndNote Akalan MA, Çevik Demirkan A, Türkmenoğlu İ, Demirkan İ, Özdemir V, Akosman MS (December 1, 2022) A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 70 1 57–64.
IEEE M. A. Akalan, A. Çevik Demirkan, İ. Türkmenoğlu, İ. Demirkan, V. Özdemir, and M. S. Akosman, “A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 57–64, 2022, doi: 10.33988/auvfd.882553.
ISNAD Akalan, Mehmet Aydın et al. “A Morphological and Stereological Investigation on the Tongue of the Merlin”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 70/1 (December 2022), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.882553.
JAMA Akalan MA, Çevik Demirkan A, Türkmenoğlu İ, Demirkan İ, Özdemir V, Akosman MS. A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2022;70:57–64.
MLA Akalan, Mehmet Aydın et al. “A Morphological and Stereological Investigation on the Tongue of the Merlin”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 70, no. 1, 2022, pp. 57-64, doi:10.33988/auvfd.882553.
Vancouver Akalan MA, Çevik Demirkan A, Türkmenoğlu İ, Demirkan İ, Özdemir V, Akosman MS. A morphological and stereological investigation on the tongue of the merlin. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2022;70(1):57-64.
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