Determination of blood heavy metal concentrations and oxidant-antioxidant capacities in Angora cats at different age and gender
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate heavy metal concentrations and oxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in Angora cats at different ages and gender. Sixteen young (less than 1 year old) and 14 adult (1–6 years old) cats were also grouped according to gender as male (n = 17) and female (n = 13). The separated plasma samples from cat’s blood were analyzed for selected heavy metals and total oxidant and antioxidant capacities (TOC and TAC) and calculated for oxidative stress index (OSI). The erythrocyte hemolysates were also evaluated for malondialdehyde (MDA), and super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Results of the study showed that most of the measured metals were not varied statistically according to age or gender. However, adult cats had significantly (P<0.01) higher Cu and lower Fe levels compared to young cats. Plasma levels of TOC, TAC and OSI, and erythrocyte MDA concentrations in young cats were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of adults. While the SOD activity was decreased by the age, GPX activity was increased (P<0.05). However, the activity of CAT was changed by only gender, which was higher in males (P<0.01). In conclusion, metals, especially trace elements, are required for many kinds of physiological processes and the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, it can be suggested that the periodic measurement of metals and the addition of common antioxidant supplements to the diet of adult Angora cats will support weakening antioxidant mechanisms by age.
Supporting Institution
This research was supported by the Kırıkkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unite with the project number of 2019/110.
Project Number
2019/110
Thanks
We want to thank to Prof.Dr. Miyase ÇINAR for her kind support during a part of the analysis. A part of the findings of this study has been presented as an oral presentation in International Congress on Biological and Health Sciences on 26-28 February 2021.
References
- Al-Kalidi J, Hasso S, Al-Ani A (2017): Levels of five elements in the serum of cats in baghdad city. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 10, 34-37.
- Altunok V, Yazar E, Yuksek N (2007): Selected blood serum elements in Van (Turkey) cats. Acta Vet Brno, 76, 171-177.
- Aluc Y, Ekici H (2019): Investigation of heavy metal levels in blood samples of three cattle breeds in turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 103, 739-744.
- Atmaca N, Simsek O, Arikan S, et al (2014): Evaluation of some electrocardiographic parameters of kitten and adult angora cats. Res J Vet Pract, 2, 113-116.
- Aydilek N, Şimşek H (2006): Yaşlanmanın kısraklarda plazma oksidan ve antioksidan parametreler üzerine etkisi. J Fac Vet Med Univ Erciyes, 3, 73-77.
- Badea E, Goran G, Matei E, et al (2016): Heavy metal and mineral content in the coat of cats in relationship with renal failure. 17-28. In: Annual Scientific Session Animal Breeding and Pathology to Day; Timisoara, Romania.
- Başaran Kankılıç G (2019): Kapulukaya barajı aşağı havza’sı sediment örneklerinde ağır metal kirlilik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi (Kızılırmak, Kırıkkale). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, 903-913.
- Behrooz RD, Poma G (2021): Evaluation of mercury contamination in Iranian wild cats through hair analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 199, 166-172.
- Beşkaya A, Yıldız K, Başalan M, et al (2008): Kırıkkale’de endüstri bölgesi civarında toprak, yem, su ve bu yörede yetiştirilen koyunlar ile parazitlerinde bazı ağır metallerin (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) belirlenmesi. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 19, 39-46.
- Buege JA, Aust SD (1978): Microsomal lipid peroxidation. 302-310. In: Abelson J, Simon M, Verdine GL, et al, (Eds), Methods in enzymology, Academic Press, USA.
- Çavuşoğlu K, Gündoğan Y, Çakır Arıca Ş, et al (2007): Mytilus sp (midye), gammarus sp (nehir tırnağı) ve cladophora sp (yeşil alg) örnekleri kullanılarak kızılırmak nehrindeki ağır metal kirliliğin araştırılması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 52-60.
- Doong G, Keen CL, Rogers Q, et al (1983): Selected features of copper metabolism in the cat. J Nutr, 113, 1963-1971.
- El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Kedwany FS, et al (2004): Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen quality of male rats: Protective role of vitamin e and β-carotene. Food Chem Toxicol, 42, 1563-1571.
- Erat S, Arikan S (2012): The hair characteristics of Turkish Angora and Van cats. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 36, 215-221.
- Erel O (2004): A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable abts radical cation. Clin Biochem, 37, 277-285.
- Erel O (2005): A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem, 38, 1103-1111.
- Esposito M, De Roma A, Maglio P, et al (2019): Heavy metals in organs of stray dogs and cats from the city of Naples and its surroundings (Southern Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 26, 3473-3478.
- Gaál T, Speake B, Mezes M, et al (1996): Antioxidant parameters and ageing in some animal species. Comp Haematol Int, 6, 208-213.
- Honda K, Min BY, Tatsukawa R (1986): Distribution of heavy-metals and their age-related-changes in the eastern great white egret, egretta-alba-modesta, in Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 15, 185-197.
- Jarup L (2003): Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull, 68, 167-182.
- Kabakci R, Bulbul SF (2021): Effects of Age and Gender on The Concentrations of Plasma Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Angora Cats. IJVAR, 4, 22-26.
- Kasapoglu M, Ozben T (2001): Alterations of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in aging. Exp Gerontol, 36, 209-220.
- McMichael MA (2007): Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and assessment of oxidative stress in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 231, 714-720.
- Neo JPS, Tan BH (2017): The use of animals as a surveillance tool for monitoring environmental health hazards, human health hazards and bioterrorism. Vet Microbiol, 203, 40-48.
- Raikwar MK, Kumar P, Singh M, et al (2008): Toxic effect of heavy metals in livestock health. Vet World, 1, 28-30.
- Simsek O, Cinar M, Arikan S (2015): Changes in selected hematology and serum biochemistry in Turkish Angora cats (felis catus) during growth period. J Adv Vet, 2, 34-39.
- Simsek O, Ekici H, Cinar M, et al (2015): Heavy metal accumulation and oxidative-antioxidative status in angora goats depending on age. Fresenius Environ Bull, 24, 2659-2663.
- Sinitsyna O, Krysanova Z, Ishchenko A, et al (2006): Age-associated changes in oxidative damage and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats with inherited overgeneration of free radicals. J Cell Mol Med, 10, 206-215.
- Skibniewska EM, Skibniewski M, Kośla T (2013): The effect of living conditions on vanadium bioaccumulation in cats. Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 24, 43-45.
- Skibniewski M, Kośla T, Skibniewska EM (2013): Domestic cat (felis catus) as a bioindicator of environmental lead contamination. Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 24, 47-50.
- Tekeli H, Kıral F, Bildik A, et al (2015): Effect of aging on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status in saanen goats. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, 71, 67-71.
- Yumru M, Savas HA, Kalenderoglu A, et al (2009): Oxidative imbalance in bipolar disorder subtypes: A comparative study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 33, 1070-1074.
Farklı yaş ve cinsiyetteki Ankara kedilerinde kan ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının ve oksidan-antioksidan kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, farklı yaş ve cinsiyetteki Ankara kedilerinde ağır meta konsantrasyonlarını ile plazma ve eritrositlerin oksidatif stres durumunu araştırmak için yapıldı. On altı yavru (1 yaşından küçük) ve 14 yetişkin (1-6 yaş) kedi aynı zamanda cinsiyete göre erkek (n=17) ve dişi (n=13) olarak gruplandırıldı. Kedilerin kanından ayrıştırılan plazma örnekleri seçilen ağır metaller ve toplam oksidan ve antioksidan kapasiteler (TOC ve TAC) için analiz edildi ve oksidatif stres endeksi (OSI) için hesaplandı. Eritrosit hemolizatlarından ise, malondialdehit (MDA), süper oksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GPX) açısından değerlendirildi. Çalışmanın sonuçları, ölçülen metallerin çoğunun yaş veya cinsiyete göre istatistiksel olarak değişmediğini gösterdi. Bununla birlikte, yetişkin kedilerde yavrulara göre Cu’nın önemli derecede (P<0.01) yüksek, Fe’nin ise daha düşük olduğu belirlendi. Gençlerdeki plazma TOC, TAC ve OSI seviyeleri ile MDA konsantrasyonları yetişkinlere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (P<0.05). SOD aktivitesi yaşla birlikte azalırken, GPX aktivitesi arttı (P<0.05). Ancak, erkeklerde daha yüksek olan CAT aktivitesi sadece cinsiyete göre değişti (P<0.01). Sonuç olarak, metallerin özellikle iz elementlerinin birçok fizyolojik süreç için ve antioksidan enzimlerinin sentezi için gerekli olduğu iyi bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, metallerin periyodik ölçümünün ve yetişkin Ankara kedilerinin diyetine yaygın antioksidan takviyelerinin eklenmesi yaşla birlikte zayıflayan antioksidan mekanizmaların desteklenmesi açısından önerilebilir.
Project Number
2019/110
References
- Al-Kalidi J, Hasso S, Al-Ani A (2017): Levels of five elements in the serum of cats in baghdad city. Al-Anbar J Vet Sci, 10, 34-37.
- Altunok V, Yazar E, Yuksek N (2007): Selected blood serum elements in Van (Turkey) cats. Acta Vet Brno, 76, 171-177.
- Aluc Y, Ekici H (2019): Investigation of heavy metal levels in blood samples of three cattle breeds in turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 103, 739-744.
- Atmaca N, Simsek O, Arikan S, et al (2014): Evaluation of some electrocardiographic parameters of kitten and adult angora cats. Res J Vet Pract, 2, 113-116.
- Aydilek N, Şimşek H (2006): Yaşlanmanın kısraklarda plazma oksidan ve antioksidan parametreler üzerine etkisi. J Fac Vet Med Univ Erciyes, 3, 73-77.
- Badea E, Goran G, Matei E, et al (2016): Heavy metal and mineral content in the coat of cats in relationship with renal failure. 17-28. In: Annual Scientific Session Animal Breeding and Pathology to Day; Timisoara, Romania.
- Başaran Kankılıç G (2019): Kapulukaya barajı aşağı havza’sı sediment örneklerinde ağır metal kirlilik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi (Kızılırmak, Kırıkkale). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, 903-913.
- Behrooz RD, Poma G (2021): Evaluation of mercury contamination in Iranian wild cats through hair analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 199, 166-172.
- Beşkaya A, Yıldız K, Başalan M, et al (2008): Kırıkkale’de endüstri bölgesi civarında toprak, yem, su ve bu yörede yetiştirilen koyunlar ile parazitlerinde bazı ağır metallerin (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) belirlenmesi. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 19, 39-46.
- Buege JA, Aust SD (1978): Microsomal lipid peroxidation. 302-310. In: Abelson J, Simon M, Verdine GL, et al, (Eds), Methods in enzymology, Academic Press, USA.
- Çavuşoğlu K, Gündoğan Y, Çakır Arıca Ş, et al (2007): Mytilus sp (midye), gammarus sp (nehir tırnağı) ve cladophora sp (yeşil alg) örnekleri kullanılarak kızılırmak nehrindeki ağır metal kirliliğin araştırılması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 52-60.
- Doong G, Keen CL, Rogers Q, et al (1983): Selected features of copper metabolism in the cat. J Nutr, 113, 1963-1971.
- El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Kedwany FS, et al (2004): Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen quality of male rats: Protective role of vitamin e and β-carotene. Food Chem Toxicol, 42, 1563-1571.
- Erat S, Arikan S (2012): The hair characteristics of Turkish Angora and Van cats. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 36, 215-221.
- Erel O (2004): A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable abts radical cation. Clin Biochem, 37, 277-285.
- Erel O (2005): A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem, 38, 1103-1111.
- Esposito M, De Roma A, Maglio P, et al (2019): Heavy metals in organs of stray dogs and cats from the city of Naples and its surroundings (Southern Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 26, 3473-3478.
- Gaál T, Speake B, Mezes M, et al (1996): Antioxidant parameters and ageing in some animal species. Comp Haematol Int, 6, 208-213.
- Honda K, Min BY, Tatsukawa R (1986): Distribution of heavy-metals and their age-related-changes in the eastern great white egret, egretta-alba-modesta, in Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 15, 185-197.
- Jarup L (2003): Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull, 68, 167-182.
- Kabakci R, Bulbul SF (2021): Effects of Age and Gender on The Concentrations of Plasma Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Angora Cats. IJVAR, 4, 22-26.
- Kasapoglu M, Ozben T (2001): Alterations of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in aging. Exp Gerontol, 36, 209-220.
- McMichael MA (2007): Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and assessment of oxidative stress in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 231, 714-720.
- Neo JPS, Tan BH (2017): The use of animals as a surveillance tool for monitoring environmental health hazards, human health hazards and bioterrorism. Vet Microbiol, 203, 40-48.
- Raikwar MK, Kumar P, Singh M, et al (2008): Toxic effect of heavy metals in livestock health. Vet World, 1, 28-30.
- Simsek O, Cinar M, Arikan S (2015): Changes in selected hematology and serum biochemistry in Turkish Angora cats (felis catus) during growth period. J Adv Vet, 2, 34-39.
- Simsek O, Ekici H, Cinar M, et al (2015): Heavy metal accumulation and oxidative-antioxidative status in angora goats depending on age. Fresenius Environ Bull, 24, 2659-2663.
- Sinitsyna O, Krysanova Z, Ishchenko A, et al (2006): Age-associated changes in oxidative damage and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats with inherited overgeneration of free radicals. J Cell Mol Med, 10, 206-215.
- Skibniewska EM, Skibniewski M, Kośla T (2013): The effect of living conditions on vanadium bioaccumulation in cats. Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 24, 43-45.
- Skibniewski M, Kośla T, Skibniewska EM (2013): Domestic cat (felis catus) as a bioindicator of environmental lead contamination. Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 24, 47-50.
- Tekeli H, Kıral F, Bildik A, et al (2015): Effect of aging on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status in saanen goats. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, 71, 67-71.
- Yumru M, Savas HA, Kalenderoglu A, et al (2009): Oxidative imbalance in bipolar disorder subtypes: A comparative study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 33, 1070-1074.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 2019/110 |
| Publication Date | March 24, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 70 Issue: 2 |
