Research Article
The assessment of effectiveness of a novel antidepressant, Agomelatine on anxiety and depression induced by fluoride intoxication by means of Open-Field and Hot-Plate tests in mouse model (BalB-C)
Abstract
It is well known that fluoride (F) poisoning causes anxiety and depression, and Agomelatine, an analogue of melatonin, has been reported to be effective on anxiety and depression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the short-term efficacy of Agomelatine application on anxiety and depression caused by F intoxication via Open-Field and Hot-Plate tests. Forty male BalB-C mice, aged 5-6 months, constituted the research material for this study. Subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups (Healthy-Control, Fluorosis-Control, 25 mg/kg Agomelatine, 50 mg/kg Agomelatine). Healthy-Control group (HC) received tap water, containing 0.3 ± 0.05 mgF/L. Fluorosis-Control group (F) received drinking water containing 40 mgF/L. Other two experimental groups (25 and 50) received drinking water containing 40 mgF/L and a single dose of Agomelatine (25 and 50 mg/kg respectively). The effect of Agomelatine on anxiety and depression induced by high dose F was evaluated using Open-Field and Hot-Plate tests compared to control groups. Fluorosis caused to decrease in Rearing, Grooming and Square numbers of Open-Field test and to increase Defecation counts (P<0.05). Agolematine applications enabled to normalize the Open-Field Test data. Similarly, according to the Hot-Plate findings, low reaction time caused by fluorosis increased in Agomelatine groups (P<0.05). According to those results, psychological improvement was observed in patients with fluorosis compared to the control group after Agomelatine applications. Consequently, according to Open-Field and Hot-Plate tests findings, it could be concluded that Agomelatine has a curative effect on anxiety and depression induced by F toxicity.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
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Thanks
The author would like to thank Professor Yusuf Ziya OĞRAK for the support of the statistical analysis of this study, Associate Professor Evren KOÇ for subjects providing and laboratory facilities and the many undergraduate students for their efforts during the study.
References
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- Oyagbemi AA, Adebiyi OE, Adigun KO, et al (2020): Clofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, abrogates sodium fluoride-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor incoordination via modulation of GFAP/Iba-1/anti-calbindin signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol, 35, 242–253.
- Pain G (2017): Mechanisms of fluoride neurotoxicity a quick guide to the literature. Appl Sci, 10, 1–24.
- Pelot NA, Grill WM (2018): Effects of vagal neuromodulation on feeding behavior. Brain Res, 1693, 180–187.
- Pereira M, Dombrowski P, Losso E, et al (2011): Memory impairment induced by sodium fluoride is associated with changes in brain monoamine levels. Neurotox Res, 9, 55–62.
- Pryce CR, Fuchs E (2017): Chronic psychosocial stressors in adulthood: Studies in mice, rats and tree shrews. Neurobiol Stress, 6, 94–103.
- Tosic-Golubovic S, Miljkovic S, Nagorni A, et al (2010): Irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, depression and personality characteristics. Psychiatr Danub, 22, 418–424.
- Uzbay İT (2012): Agomelatin: genel Bilgiler, farmakolojisi ve kullanım güvenliği. Klin Psikiyatri, 15, 9–19.
- Wang J, Zhang Y, Guo Z, et al (2018): Effects of perinatal fluoride exposure on the expressions of miR-124 and miR-132 in hippocampus of mouse pups. Chemosphere, 197, 117–122.
- Wang S-M, Woo YS, Kim NY, et al (2020): Agomelatine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci, 18, 423–433.
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Year 2023,
Volume: 70 Issue: 2, 123 - 130, 24.03.2023
Abstract
Project Number
-
References
- AlAhmed S, Herbert J (2010): Effect of agomelatine and its interaction with the daily corticosterone rhythm on progenitor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat. Neuropharmacology, 59, 375–379.
- Banducci AN, Lejuez CW, Dougherty LR, et al (2017): A prospective examination of the relations between emotional abuse and anxiety: Moderation by distress tolerance. Prev Sci, 18, 20–30.
- Bannon AW, Malmberg AB (2007): Models of Nociception: Hot-Plate, Tail-Flick, and Formalin Tests in Rodents. Curr Protoc Neurosci, 41, Available at https://currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471142301.ns0809s41 (Accessed July 27, 2021).
- Browning KN, Verheijden S, Boeckxstaens GE (2017): The Vagus Nerve in Appetite Regulation, Mood, and Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology, 152, 730–744.
- Buoli M, Grassi S, Serati M, et al (2017): Agomelatine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 18, 1373–1379.
- Chenaf C, Chapuy E, Libert F, et al (2017): Agomelatine: a new opportunity to reduce neuropathic pain-preclinical evidence. Pain, 158, 149–160.
- Cheng M, Yang K, Sun Z, et al (2019): Effect of fluoride on the microglial morphology and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral cortex of mice. Fluoride, 52, 404–414.
- Ding K, Zhang L, Zhang T, et al (2019): The effect of melatonin on locomotor behavior and muscle physiology in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. Front Physiol, 10, 221.
- Emet M, Ozcan H, Ozel L, et al (2016): A review of melatonin, its receptors and drugs. Eurasian J Med, 48, 135–141.
- Ersan Y, Koç E, Ari İ, et al (2010): Histopathological effects of chronic fluorosis on the liver of mice (Swiss albino). Turk J Med Sci, 40, 619–622.
- Ghosh D, Ghosh S (2020): Fluoride and brain: A review. Int J Pharm Sci Res, 11, 2011-2017.
- Hao Y, Ge H, Sun M, et al (2019): Selecting an appropriate animal model of depression. Int J Mol Sci, 20, 4827.
- Hasan MdR, Uddin N, Sana T, et al (2018): Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Mallotus repandus stem in animal models. Orient Pharm Exp Med, 18, 139–147.
- Inkielewicz I (2003): Fluoride content in soft tissues and urine of rats exposed to sodium fluoride in drinking water. Fluoride, 36, 263–266.
- Karademir B (2010): Effects of fluoride ingestion on serum levels of the trace minerals Co, Mo, Cr, Mn and Li in adult male mice. Fluoride, 43, 174–178.
- Karademir B, Karademir G (2009): Fluoride levels of drinking waters of farm animal in Iğdır Province, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15, 919–923.
- Kennedy SH, Eisfeld BS (2007): Agomelatine and its therapeutic potential in the depressed patient. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 3, 423–428.
- Kivrak Y (2012): Effects of fluorıde on anxiety and depressıon in mice. Fluoride, 45, 302-306.
- Koc E, Karademir B (2017): Comparison of Nickel and Porcelain Crucible Usage in Dry Combustion Method for Determination of Fluor. Comp. Nickel Porcelain Crucib. Usage Dry Combust. Method Determ. Fluor, Vol. 1, 353–359. In VI. International Vocational Schools Symposium, Sarajevo, Bosnia i Hersegovina.
- Koc E, Karademir B (2021): The Effect of natural fluorosis on the fluoride levels of farm animal bones in the model of fluorotoxic spring waters of tendürek extinct volcano. Turk J Agric - Food Sci Tecnol, 9, 326-332.
- Koc E, Karademir B, Soomro N, Uzun F (2018): The effects, both separate and ınteractıve, of smokıng and tea consumptıon on urınary fluorıde levels. Fluoride, 51, 84‑96.
- Küçük A, Gölgeli A (2005): Anxiety models in experimental animals and evaluation of anxiety. J Health Sci, 14, 209–217.
- Kurtdede E, Pekcan M, Karagül H (2017): Türkiye’de florozis sorunu ve florun biyokimyasal etkileşimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet Bilim Derg, 12, 320–326.
- Lopes GO, Martins Ferreira MK, Davis L, et al (2020): Effects of fluoride long-term exposure over the cerebellum: global proteomic profile, oxidative biochemistry, cell density, and motor behavior evaluation. Int J Mol Sci, 21, 7297.
- Lu F, Zhang Y, Trivedi A, et al (2019): Fluoride related changes in behavioral outcomes may relate to increased serotonin. Physiol Behav, 206, 76–83.
- Lu Y, Ho CS, McIntyre RS, et al (2018): Agomelatine-induced modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the rat hippocampus. Life Sci, 210, 177–184.
- Masuda Y (2020): Human Recognition-Behavioral Adaptation System. Available at https://link.springer.com/ content/pdf/10.1007/s42087-020-00136-4.pdf (Accessed July 27, 2021)
- Mullenix PJ, Denbesten PK, Schunior A, et al (1995): Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 17, 169–177.
- Norman TR, Oliver JS (2019): Agomelatine for depression: expanding the horizons? Expert Opin Pharmacother, 20, 647–656.
- Oyagbemi AA, Adebiyi OE, Adigun KO, et al (2020): Clofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, abrogates sodium fluoride-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor incoordination via modulation of GFAP/Iba-1/anti-calbindin signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol, 35, 242–253.
- Pain G (2017): Mechanisms of fluoride neurotoxicity a quick guide to the literature. Appl Sci, 10, 1–24.
- Pelot NA, Grill WM (2018): Effects of vagal neuromodulation on feeding behavior. Brain Res, 1693, 180–187.
- Pereira M, Dombrowski P, Losso E, et al (2011): Memory impairment induced by sodium fluoride is associated with changes in brain monoamine levels. Neurotox Res, 9, 55–62.
- Pryce CR, Fuchs E (2017): Chronic psychosocial stressors in adulthood: Studies in mice, rats and tree shrews. Neurobiol Stress, 6, 94–103.
- Tosic-Golubovic S, Miljkovic S, Nagorni A, et al (2010): Irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, depression and personality characteristics. Psychiatr Danub, 22, 418–424.
- Uzbay İT (2012): Agomelatin: genel Bilgiler, farmakolojisi ve kullanım güvenliği. Klin Psikiyatri, 15, 9–19.
- Wang J, Zhang Y, Guo Z, et al (2018): Effects of perinatal fluoride exposure on the expressions of miR-124 and miR-132 in hippocampus of mouse pups. Chemosphere, 197, 117–122.
- Wang S-M, Woo YS, Kim NY, et al (2020): Agomelatine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci, 18, 423–433.
- Zador AM (2019): A critique of pure learning and what artificial neural networks can learn from animal brains. Nat Commun, 10, 3770.
There are 39 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Publication Date | March 24, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 70 Issue: 2 |
