Year 2023,
Volume: 70 Issue: 3, 327 - 335, 23.06.2023
Havva Süleymanoğlu
,
Kürşat Turgut
,
Merve Ertan
,
Mehmet Ege İnce
,
Amir Naseri
References
- Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al (2001): Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis in the United States: Analysis of Incidence, Outcome, and Associated Costs of Care. Critical Care Medicine, 29, 1303–1310.
- Antonucci E, Fiaccadori E, Donadello K, et al (2014): Myocardial depression in sepsis: from pathogenesis to clinical manifestations and treatment. J Crit, 29, 500-511.
- Asfar P, Hauser B, Radermacher P (2006): Catecholamines and vasopressin during critical illness. Crit Care Clin, 22, 131-149.
- Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M, et al (1996): Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. Am J Surg, 171, 221-226.
- Bakker J, Vincent JL (1993): Effects of norepinephrine and dobutamine on oxygen transport and consumption in a dog model of endotoxic shock. Crit Care Med, 21, 425-432.
- Bednarczyk JM, Fridfinnson JA, Kumar A, et al (2017): Incorporating Dynamic Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness Into Goal-Directed Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med, 45,1538-1545.
- Bentley AM, Otto CM, Shofer FS (2007): Comparison of dogs with septic peritonitis: 1988–1993 versus 1999–2003. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 17, 391-398.
- Boon JA (2011): Veterinary Echocardiography. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
- Bouhemad B, Nicolas-Robin A, Arbelot C, et al (2008): Isolated and reversible impairment of ventricular relaxation in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med, 36, 766-774.
- Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada TA, et al (2011): Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med, 39, 259-265.
- Butler AL (2011): Goal-directed therapy in small animal critical illness. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 41, 817-838.
- Chan CM, Klinger JR (2008): The right ventricle in sepsis. Clin Chest Med, 29, 661-676.
- De Backer D, Scolletta S (2013): Clinical management of the cardiovascular failure in sepsis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 11, 222-242.
- Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al (2013): Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med, 41, 580-637.
- Dickson D, Shave R, Rishniw M, et al (2017): Echocardiographic assessments of longitudinal left ventricular function in healthy English Springer spaniels. J Vet Cardiol, 19, 339-350.
- Fine J, Frank ED, Frank HA, et al (1956): Effect of norepinephrine on circulation of the dog in hemorrhagic shock. Am J Physiol, 186, 74-78.
- Flachskampf FA, Biering-Sørensen T, Solomon SD, et al (2015): Cardiac Imaging to Evaluate Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 8, 1071-1093.
- Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A (2005): International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 6, 2-8.
- Hollenberg SM, Cunnion RE, Zimmerberg J (1993): Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverses arteriolar hyporesponsiveness to catecholamines in septic rats. Am J Physiol, 264, H660-H663.
- Hollenberg SM (2009): Inotrope and vasopressor therapy of septic shock. Crit Care Clin, 25, 781-802.
- Ince C, Sinaasappel M (1999): Microcirculatory oxygenation and shunting in sepsis and shock. Crit Care Med, 27, 1369-1377.
- Ince ME, Turgut K, Akar A, et al (2019): Prognostic importance of tissue Doppler imaging of systolic and diastolic functions in dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock. Acta Vet Hung, 67, 517-528.
- Jhanji S, Stirling S, Patel N, et al (2009): The effect of increasing doses of norepinephrine on tissue oxygenation and microvascular flow in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med, 37, 1961-1966.
- Landesberg G, Gilon D, Meroz Y, et al (2012): Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. Eur Heart J, 33, 895-903.
- Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al (2003): 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med, 31, 1250-1256.
- Manolopoulos PP, Boutsikos I, Boutsikos P, et al (2020): Current use and advances in vasopressors and inotropes support in shock. J Emerg Crit Care Med, 4, 20.
- Minneci PC, Deans KJ, Banks SM, et al (2004): Differing effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin on survival in a canine model of septic shock. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 287, H2545-H2554.
- Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS, et al (2015): Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock. N Engl J Med, 372, 1301-1311.
- Persichini R, Silva S, Teboul JL, et al (2012): Effects of norepinephrine on mean systemic pressure and venous return in human septic shock. Crit Care Med, 40, 3146-3153.
- Prittie J (2006): Optimal Endpoints of Resuscitation and Early Goal-Directed Therapy. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 16, 329-339.
- Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al (2017): Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med, 43, 304-377.
- Rivers EP, Katranji M, Jaehne KA, et al (2012): Early interventions in severe sepsis and septic shock: a review of the evidence one decade later. Minerva Anestesiol, 78, 712-724.
- Rozanski E, Chan DL (2009): Anticoagulants. 797–800. In: DC Silverstein and K Hopper (Eds), Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, Elsevier, USA.
- Shankar-Hari M, Phillips GS, Levy ML, et al (2016): Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA, 315, 775-787.
- Shapiro DS, Loiacono LA (2010): Mean arterial pressure: therapeutic goals and pharmacologic support. Crit Care Clin, 26, 285-293.
- Shea EK, Dombrowski SC, Silverstein DC (2017): Survival analysis of hypotensive cats admitted to an intensive care unit with or without hyperlactatemia: 39 cases (2005-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 250, 887-893.
- Silverstein DC, Beer KA (2015): Controversies regarding choice of vasopressor therapy for management of septic shock in animals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio), 25, 48-54.
- Silverstein DC, Hopper K (2015): Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. Elseiver Saunders, USA.
- Silverstein DC, Wininger FA, Shofer FS, et al (2008): Relationship between Doppler blood pressure and survival or response to treatment in critically ill cats: 83 cases (2003-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 232, 893-897.
- Turgut K (2017): Klinik Kedi ve Köpek Kardiyolojisi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul.
- Turgut K (2020): Manual of Heart Failure; Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats. Near East University Press, Nicosia.
- Vignon P, Allot V, Lesage J, et al (2007): Diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the setting of acute changes in loading conditions. Crit Care, 11, R43.
- Wakabayashi I, Hatake K, Kakishita E, et al (1986): Desensitization of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor mediated smooth muscle contraction in aorta from endotoxic rats. Life Sci, 45, 509-515.
- Zhang H, Spapen H, Vincent JL (1994): Effects of dobutamine and norepinephrine on oxygen availability in tamponade-induced stagnant hypoxia: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med, 22, 299-305.
Vasoactive use in early goal-directed therapy in dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock
Year 2023,
Volume: 70 Issue: 3, 327 - 335, 23.06.2023
Havva Süleymanoğlu
,
Kürşat Turgut
,
Merve Ertan
,
Mehmet Ege İnce
,
Amir Naseri
Abstract
The goal of this study was to see how to evaluate the changes in macrovascularand microvascular parameters in survivors (Sv) and non-survivors (non-Sv) dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock (SEVS & SEPS) in response to goal-directed hemodynamic optimization at the intensive care unit (ICU), and to evaluate norepinephrine (NE) and dobutamine (DT) ICU applications, and their effectiveness for predicting death. Thirty-five dogs with SEVS & SEPS were used. NE was given to 10 hypotensive dogs, despite receiving a single bolus of fluid therapy, at a constant infusion rate of 1.5 µg/kg/min for 2 h. The rate of NE infusion was doubled (3.0 µg/kg/min) if the clinical response was insufficient after 2 hours. DT was administered to 5 dogs with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) (LVS’<7.5 cm/s) at a constant infusion rate of 5 µg/kg/min for 2 h. The Sv and non-Sv groups had no major differences in macrovascular and microvascular characteristics, PW-TDI septal mitral annulus systolic (S') and early diastolic (E') velocities, or DT applications. The only difference was the use of NE applications. non-Sv received a greater amount of NE, while Sv received a smaller amount of NE. In contrast, more Sv received a greater amount of DT applications. Total mortality rate was 25.7%. In conclusion, the effects of DT and NE in dogs with SEVS & SEPS are limited. To provide evidence-based guidelines for dogs with SEVS & SEPS, more research is needed.
References
- Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al (2001): Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis in the United States: Analysis of Incidence, Outcome, and Associated Costs of Care. Critical Care Medicine, 29, 1303–1310.
- Antonucci E, Fiaccadori E, Donadello K, et al (2014): Myocardial depression in sepsis: from pathogenesis to clinical manifestations and treatment. J Crit, 29, 500-511.
- Asfar P, Hauser B, Radermacher P (2006): Catecholamines and vasopressin during critical illness. Crit Care Clin, 22, 131-149.
- Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M, et al (1996): Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. Am J Surg, 171, 221-226.
- Bakker J, Vincent JL (1993): Effects of norepinephrine and dobutamine on oxygen transport and consumption in a dog model of endotoxic shock. Crit Care Med, 21, 425-432.
- Bednarczyk JM, Fridfinnson JA, Kumar A, et al (2017): Incorporating Dynamic Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness Into Goal-Directed Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med, 45,1538-1545.
- Bentley AM, Otto CM, Shofer FS (2007): Comparison of dogs with septic peritonitis: 1988–1993 versus 1999–2003. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 17, 391-398.
- Boon JA (2011): Veterinary Echocardiography. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
- Bouhemad B, Nicolas-Robin A, Arbelot C, et al (2008): Isolated and reversible impairment of ventricular relaxation in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med, 36, 766-774.
- Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada TA, et al (2011): Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med, 39, 259-265.
- Butler AL (2011): Goal-directed therapy in small animal critical illness. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 41, 817-838.
- Chan CM, Klinger JR (2008): The right ventricle in sepsis. Clin Chest Med, 29, 661-676.
- De Backer D, Scolletta S (2013): Clinical management of the cardiovascular failure in sepsis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 11, 222-242.
- Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al (2013): Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med, 41, 580-637.
- Dickson D, Shave R, Rishniw M, et al (2017): Echocardiographic assessments of longitudinal left ventricular function in healthy English Springer spaniels. J Vet Cardiol, 19, 339-350.
- Fine J, Frank ED, Frank HA, et al (1956): Effect of norepinephrine on circulation of the dog in hemorrhagic shock. Am J Physiol, 186, 74-78.
- Flachskampf FA, Biering-Sørensen T, Solomon SD, et al (2015): Cardiac Imaging to Evaluate Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 8, 1071-1093.
- Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A (2005): International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 6, 2-8.
- Hollenberg SM, Cunnion RE, Zimmerberg J (1993): Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverses arteriolar hyporesponsiveness to catecholamines in septic rats. Am J Physiol, 264, H660-H663.
- Hollenberg SM (2009): Inotrope and vasopressor therapy of septic shock. Crit Care Clin, 25, 781-802.
- Ince C, Sinaasappel M (1999): Microcirculatory oxygenation and shunting in sepsis and shock. Crit Care Med, 27, 1369-1377.
- Ince ME, Turgut K, Akar A, et al (2019): Prognostic importance of tissue Doppler imaging of systolic and diastolic functions in dogs with severe sepsis and septic shock. Acta Vet Hung, 67, 517-528.
- Jhanji S, Stirling S, Patel N, et al (2009): The effect of increasing doses of norepinephrine on tissue oxygenation and microvascular flow in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med, 37, 1961-1966.
- Landesberg G, Gilon D, Meroz Y, et al (2012): Diastolic dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. Eur Heart J, 33, 895-903.
- Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al (2003): 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med, 31, 1250-1256.
- Manolopoulos PP, Boutsikos I, Boutsikos P, et al (2020): Current use and advances in vasopressors and inotropes support in shock. J Emerg Crit Care Med, 4, 20.
- Minneci PC, Deans KJ, Banks SM, et al (2004): Differing effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin on survival in a canine model of septic shock. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 287, H2545-H2554.
- Mouncey PR, Osborn TM, Power GS, et al (2015): Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock. N Engl J Med, 372, 1301-1311.
- Persichini R, Silva S, Teboul JL, et al (2012): Effects of norepinephrine on mean systemic pressure and venous return in human septic shock. Crit Care Med, 40, 3146-3153.
- Prittie J (2006): Optimal Endpoints of Resuscitation and Early Goal-Directed Therapy. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 16, 329-339.
- Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al (2017): Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med, 43, 304-377.
- Rivers EP, Katranji M, Jaehne KA, et al (2012): Early interventions in severe sepsis and septic shock: a review of the evidence one decade later. Minerva Anestesiol, 78, 712-724.
- Rozanski E, Chan DL (2009): Anticoagulants. 797–800. In: DC Silverstein and K Hopper (Eds), Small Animal Critical Care Medicine, Elsevier, USA.
- Shankar-Hari M, Phillips GS, Levy ML, et al (2016): Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA, 315, 775-787.
- Shapiro DS, Loiacono LA (2010): Mean arterial pressure: therapeutic goals and pharmacologic support. Crit Care Clin, 26, 285-293.
- Shea EK, Dombrowski SC, Silverstein DC (2017): Survival analysis of hypotensive cats admitted to an intensive care unit with or without hyperlactatemia: 39 cases (2005-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 250, 887-893.
- Silverstein DC, Beer KA (2015): Controversies regarding choice of vasopressor therapy for management of septic shock in animals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio), 25, 48-54.
- Silverstein DC, Hopper K (2015): Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. Elseiver Saunders, USA.
- Silverstein DC, Wininger FA, Shofer FS, et al (2008): Relationship between Doppler blood pressure and survival or response to treatment in critically ill cats: 83 cases (2003-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 232, 893-897.
- Turgut K (2017): Klinik Kedi ve Köpek Kardiyolojisi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul.
- Turgut K (2020): Manual of Heart Failure; Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats. Near East University Press, Nicosia.
- Vignon P, Allot V, Lesage J, et al (2007): Diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the setting of acute changes in loading conditions. Crit Care, 11, R43.
- Wakabayashi I, Hatake K, Kakishita E, et al (1986): Desensitization of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor mediated smooth muscle contraction in aorta from endotoxic rats. Life Sci, 45, 509-515.
- Zhang H, Spapen H, Vincent JL (1994): Effects of dobutamine and norepinephrine on oxygen availability in tamponade-induced stagnant hypoxia: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med, 22, 299-305.