Abstract
Superficial pyoderma is a common complication of a range of feline and canine skin diseases. The objective of the present study is to retrospectively evaluate bacterial and fungal skin culture samples in superficial pyoderma cases of cats and dogs and to reveal in detail the pathogens and their susceptibility and/or resistance to antimicrobials, as well as demographic data and clinical symptoms of the patients. Medical records of 28 cats and 35 dogs meeting the criteria for inclusion were reviewed. Staphylococcus spp. and Trichophyton species were found to be the most common cultured microorganisms in both cats and dogs. Antimicrobial resistance was determined both in cat and dog samples. As a result, it has been demonstrated that skin culture is particularly important for the management of diagnosis and treatment processes and the regulation of treatment protocols in pyoderma in terms of preventing the increasing antibiotic resistance in recent years and thus protecting both human and animal health.
Keywords
Superficial pyoderma skin culture antimicrobial susceptibility antimicrobial resistance Pet animals
Ethical Statement
This study was reviewed by the Local Animal Ethics Committee of Ankara University (Decision number: 2022-14-132 & 2022-16-151).
References
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- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2013): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational Supplements. M100 S21, 31:1. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne.
- Fazakerley J, Nuttall T, Sales D, et al (2009): Staphylococcal colonization of mucosal and lesional skin sites in atopic and healthy dogs. Vet Dermatol, 20, 179-184.
- Feßler AT, Scholtzek AD, Schug AR, et al (2022): Antimicrobial and biocide resistance among feline and canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from diagnostic submissions. Antibiotics, 11, 127.
- Forsythe PJ, Hill PB, Thoday KL, et al (2002): Use of computerized image analysis to quantify staphylococcal adhesion to canine corneocytes: does breed and body site have any relevance to the pathogenesis of pyoderma? Vet Dermatol, 13, 29-37.
- Grice EA, Segre JA (2011): The skin microbiome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 9, 244-253.
- Guardabassi L, Fondati A (2009): Prudent and rational use of antibiotics for treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. Veterinaria (Cremona), 23, 11-22.
- Hartmann FA, White DG, West SE, et al (2005): Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius carriage by healthy dogs and comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to isolates from dogs with pyoderma. Vet Microbiol, 208, 119-131.
- Holm BR, Petersson U, Mörner A, et al (2002): Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci from canine pyoderma: a prospective study of first time and recurrent cases in Sweden. Vet Rec, 151, 600-605.
- Huerta B, Maldonado A, Ginel PJ, et al (2011): Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci in canine pyoderma. Vet Microbiol, 150, 302-308.
- Khurana R, Kumar T, Agnihotri D, et al (2016): Dermatological disorders in canines-a detailed epidemiological study. Haryana Vet, 55, 97-99.
- Loeffler A, Lloyd DH (2018): What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review. Vet J, 235, 73-82.
- Malik S, Peng H, Barton MD (2005): Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci associated with cats and dogs. J Appl Microbiol, 99, 1283-1293.
- May ER (2006): Bacterial skin diseases: current thoughts on pathogenesis and management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim, 36, 185-202.
- McEwan NA, Mellor D, Kalna G (2006): Adherence by Staphylococcus intermedius to canine corneocytes: a preliminary study comparing noninflamed and inflamed atopic canine skin. Vet Dermatol, 17, 151-154.
- McLean CL, Ness MG (2008): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a veterinary orthopedic referral hospital: staff nasal colonisation and incidence of clinical cases. JSAP, 49, 170-177.
- Miller WH, Griffin CE, Campbell KL (2013): Bacterial Skin Diseases. Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology. 7th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Nelson RJ, Demas GE (1996): Seasonal changes in immune function. Q Rev Biol, 71, 511-548.
- Nocera FP, Ambrosio M, Fiorito F, et al (2021): On Gram-positive-and Gram-negative-bacteria-associated canine and feline skin infections: A 4-year retrospective study of the University Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of Naples, Italy. Animals, 11, 1603.
- Rafatpanah S, Rad M, Movassaghi AR, et al (2020): Clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological aspects of first-time pyoderma in a population of Iranian domestic dogs: a retrospective study. Iran J Vet Res, 21, 130.
- Rosser EJ (2006): Pyoderma, Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice (Third Edition), St Louis, Missouri.
- Saijonmaa-Koulumies L, Lloyd DH (2002): Adherence of Staphylococcus intermedius to canine corneocytes in vitro. Vet Dermatol, 13, 169-176.
- Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE (2001): Bacterial skin disease. Muller and Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology, 6th edn. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
- Seker E, Dogan N (2011): Isolation of dermatophytes from dogs and cats with suspected dermatophytosis in Western Turkey. Prev Vet Med, 98, 46-51.
- Selvaraj P, Kumar KS (2013): Feline Pyoderma-A Study of Microbial population and its Antibiogram. Intas Polivet, 14, 405-456.
- Summers JF, Brodbelt DC, Forsythe PJ, et al (2012): The effectiveness of systemic antimicrobial treatment in canine superficial and deep pyoderma: a systematic review. Vet Dermatol, 23, 305-361.
- Summers JF, Hendricks A, Brodbelt DC (2014): Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma. BMC Vet Res, 10, 1-10.
- Sykes JE, Nagle TM, White SD (2014): Pyoderma, Otitis Externa, and Otitis Media. Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases, W.B. Saunders, St Louis, Missouri.
- White SD, Brown AE, Chapman PL, et al (2005): Evaluation of aerobic bacteriologic culture of epidermal collarette specimens in dogs with superficial pyoderma. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 226, 904-908.
- Wildermuth BE, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS (2006): Feline pyoderma therapy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract, 21, 150–156.
- Yu HW, Vogelnest LJ (2012): Feline superficial pyoderma: a retrospective study of 52 cases (2001–2011). Vet Dermatol, 23, 448-e86.
Abstract
Keywords
Superficial pyoderma Superficial pyoderma Superficial pyoderma feline feline feline feline canine canine canine canine skin culture skin culture skin culture antimicrobial susceptibility antimicrobial susceptibility antimicrobial susceptibility antimicrobial susceptibility antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial resistance
References
- Bajwa J (2016): Canine superficial pyoderma and therapeutic considerations. Can Vet J, 57, 204.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2013): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational Supplements. M100 S21, 31:1. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne.
- Fazakerley J, Nuttall T, Sales D, et al (2009): Staphylococcal colonization of mucosal and lesional skin sites in atopic and healthy dogs. Vet Dermatol, 20, 179-184.
- Feßler AT, Scholtzek AD, Schug AR, et al (2022): Antimicrobial and biocide resistance among feline and canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from diagnostic submissions. Antibiotics, 11, 127.
- Forsythe PJ, Hill PB, Thoday KL, et al (2002): Use of computerized image analysis to quantify staphylococcal adhesion to canine corneocytes: does breed and body site have any relevance to the pathogenesis of pyoderma? Vet Dermatol, 13, 29-37.
- Grice EA, Segre JA (2011): The skin microbiome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 9, 244-253.
- Guardabassi L, Fondati A (2009): Prudent and rational use of antibiotics for treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. Veterinaria (Cremona), 23, 11-22.
- Hartmann FA, White DG, West SE, et al (2005): Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius carriage by healthy dogs and comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to isolates from dogs with pyoderma. Vet Microbiol, 208, 119-131.
- Holm BR, Petersson U, Mörner A, et al (2002): Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci from canine pyoderma: a prospective study of first time and recurrent cases in Sweden. Vet Rec, 151, 600-605.
- Huerta B, Maldonado A, Ginel PJ, et al (2011): Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci in canine pyoderma. Vet Microbiol, 150, 302-308.
- Khurana R, Kumar T, Agnihotri D, et al (2016): Dermatological disorders in canines-a detailed epidemiological study. Haryana Vet, 55, 97-99.
- Loeffler A, Lloyd DH (2018): What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review. Vet J, 235, 73-82.
- Malik S, Peng H, Barton MD (2005): Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci associated with cats and dogs. J Appl Microbiol, 99, 1283-1293.
- May ER (2006): Bacterial skin diseases: current thoughts on pathogenesis and management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim, 36, 185-202.
- McEwan NA, Mellor D, Kalna G (2006): Adherence by Staphylococcus intermedius to canine corneocytes: a preliminary study comparing noninflamed and inflamed atopic canine skin. Vet Dermatol, 17, 151-154.
- McLean CL, Ness MG (2008): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a veterinary orthopedic referral hospital: staff nasal colonisation and incidence of clinical cases. JSAP, 49, 170-177.
- Miller WH, Griffin CE, Campbell KL (2013): Bacterial Skin Diseases. Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology. 7th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Nelson RJ, Demas GE (1996): Seasonal changes in immune function. Q Rev Biol, 71, 511-548.
- Nocera FP, Ambrosio M, Fiorito F, et al (2021): On Gram-positive-and Gram-negative-bacteria-associated canine and feline skin infections: A 4-year retrospective study of the University Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of Naples, Italy. Animals, 11, 1603.
- Rafatpanah S, Rad M, Movassaghi AR, et al (2020): Clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological aspects of first-time pyoderma in a population of Iranian domestic dogs: a retrospective study. Iran J Vet Res, 21, 130.
- Rosser EJ (2006): Pyoderma, Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice (Third Edition), St Louis, Missouri.
- Saijonmaa-Koulumies L, Lloyd DH (2002): Adherence of Staphylococcus intermedius to canine corneocytes in vitro. Vet Dermatol, 13, 169-176.
- Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE (2001): Bacterial skin disease. Muller and Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology, 6th edn. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
- Seker E, Dogan N (2011): Isolation of dermatophytes from dogs and cats with suspected dermatophytosis in Western Turkey. Prev Vet Med, 98, 46-51.
- Selvaraj P, Kumar KS (2013): Feline Pyoderma-A Study of Microbial population and its Antibiogram. Intas Polivet, 14, 405-456.
- Summers JF, Brodbelt DC, Forsythe PJ, et al (2012): The effectiveness of systemic antimicrobial treatment in canine superficial and deep pyoderma: a systematic review. Vet Dermatol, 23, 305-361.
- Summers JF, Hendricks A, Brodbelt DC (2014): Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma. BMC Vet Res, 10, 1-10.
- Sykes JE, Nagle TM, White SD (2014): Pyoderma, Otitis Externa, and Otitis Media. Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases, W.B. Saunders, St Louis, Missouri.
- White SD, Brown AE, Chapman PL, et al (2005): Evaluation of aerobic bacteriologic culture of epidermal collarette specimens in dogs with superficial pyoderma. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 226, 904-908.
- Wildermuth BE, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS (2006): Feline pyoderma therapy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract, 21, 150–156.
- Yu HW, Vogelnest LJ (2012): Feline superficial pyoderma: a retrospective study of 52 cases (2001–2011). Vet Dermatol, 23, 448-e86.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | September 21, 2023 |
| Publication Date | April 1, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 71 Issue: 2 |
