Research Article
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Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails

Year 2025, Volume: 72 Issue: 1, 59 - 66

Gülay Deniz , Şerife Şule Cengiz , Mukaddes Merve Efil , Hakan Tursun , Nuray Şimşek , Halil Kocayılmaz

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1416098

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of adding different levels of fennel volatile oil (VO) to the laying quail diets on performance, internal-external egg quality parameters, and eggs's oxidative stability. A total of 105 (6-week-old) laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) were used, and the quails were separated into 3 treatment groups, including 5 replicated sub-groups. A basal diet not containing fennel VO was formulated for the control group, and fennel VO was added to the basal diet at the levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Diets and water were provided to quails ad libitum. Treatments continued for 56 days. As a result, the addition of fennel VO to the quail diets did not affect feed efficiency, haugh unit, egg yolk color, egg weight, shape index, or egg shell breaking strength. However, both levels of fennel VO increased feed intake (P<0.05), egg production (P≤0.001), eggshell thickness (P<0.001), and the rate of damaged eggs (P<0.05). Although there is no difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of egg yolks stored at +4 °C on day 1, both levels of fennel VO significantly reduced MDA levels of egg yolks on days 7 and 28 (P<0.01). The fact that fennel VO could be added to poultry rations as a natural feed additive to increase performance, improve eggshell quality, and minimize storage losses by extending the egg shelf life was concluded based on the data obtained.

Keywords

egg quality fennel volatil oil Laying quails malondialdehyde performance

Ethical Statement

This study was carried out after the animal experiment was approved by Bursa Uludağ University Local Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2018-15/05).

References

  • Abdullah AM, Rabia JA (2009): The effect of using fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) on productive performance of broiler chickens, Int J Poult Sci, 8, 642-644.
  • Abou-Elkhair R, Shaimaa S, Eman H (2018): Effect of Supplementing Layer Hen Diet with Phytogenic Feed Additives on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Egg Lipid Peroxidation and Blood Biochemical Constituents. Anim Nutr, 4, 4394-400.
  • Abou-Raiia SH, Abdel-Moein NM, Khalil MY (1991): Chemical evaluation of common dill and bitter fennel seeds. Bull Fac Agri Cairo University, 42,1133-1148.
  • Acamovic T, Brooker JD (2005): Biochemistry of plant metabolites and their effects in animals. Proc Nutr Soc, 64, 403-412.
  • AOAC (2000): Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. AOAC International Maryland USA.
  • Balnevea D, Muheereaza SK (1997): Improving eggshell quality at high temperatures with dietary sodium bicarbonate. Poult Sci, 76, 588-593.
  • Bishop CD (1995): Antiviral activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel (tea tree) against tobacco mosaic virus. J Essential Oil Res, 7, 641-644.
  • Botsoglou NA, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P, et al (2004): The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils or tocopheryl acetate on performance parameters and oxidation of body lipid in broilers. S Afr J Anim Sci, 34, 52-61.
  • Brenes A, Roura E (2010): Essential oils in poultry nutrition. Main effects and mode of action. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 158, 1-14.
  • Brugalli I (2003): Alimentação alternativa: a utilização de fitoterápicos ou nutracêuticos como moduladores da imunidade e desempenho animal. 167-182. In: Simpósio sobre manejo e nutrição de aves e suínos. Campinas: Colégio Brasileiro de Nutrição Animal. Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
  • Bugdaycı KE, Oğuz FK, Oğuz MN, et al (2018): Effects of fennel seed supplementation of ration on performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and total phenol content of egg yolk of laying quails. R Bras Zootec, 47, e20170160.
  • Card LE, Nesheim MC (1972): Poultry production. 11th ed. Lea and febiger, Philadelphia.
  • Carpenter KJ, Clegg KM (1956): The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation to their chemical composition. J Sci Food Agr, 7, 45-51.
  • Cengiz SS (2018): Effects of Rosemary and Fennel Essential Oil Mix on Performance and Meat Lipid Oxidation in Quails. Van Vet J, 29, 39-46.
  • Charles DJ, Morales MR, Simon JE (1993): Essential oil content and chemical composition of finocchio fennel. 570-573. In: J Janick and J.E Simon (Eds.), New Crops. Wiley, New York, USA.
  • Deniz G, Efil MM, Cengiz SS, et al (2022): An investigation on the supplementation of rosemary volatile oil to the laying quail diets. Ank Univ Vet Fak Derg, 69, 17-23.
  • Dorman HJD, Deans SG (2000): Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol, 88, 308-316.
  • EL-Deek AA, Attia YA, Hannfy MM (2003): Effect of anise (Pimpinella anisiumj), ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and their mixture of performance of broilers. Arch Geflügelk, 67, 92-96.
  • Embong MB, Hadziyev D, Molnar S (1997): Essential oils from spices grown in Alberta. Anise oil (Pimpinella anisum). Can J Plant Sci, 57, 681-688.
  • Farese G, Schmidt JL, Mager M (1967): An automated method for the determination of serum calcium with glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil). Clinical Chem, 13, 515-520.
  • Gende LB, Maggi MD, Fritz R, et al (2009): Antimicrobial activity of Pimpinella anisum and Foeniculum vulgare essential oils against Paenibacillus larvae. J Essential Oil Res, 21, 91-93.
  • Gericke S, Kurmies B (1952): Die kolorimetrische Phosphorsäure bestimmung mit Ammonium-Vanadat-Molybdat und ihre Anwendung in der Pflanzenanalyse. Z Pflanzenernähr Düng Bodenk, 59, 235-247.
  • Gharaghani H, Shariatmadari F, Torshizi MA (2015): Effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill) used as a feed additive on the egg quality of laying hens under heat stres. Braz J Poult Sci, 17, 199-208.
  • Gulfraz M, Mehmood S, Minhas N, et al (2008): Composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare. African J Biotech, 7, 4364-4368.
  • Hashemi SR, Davoodi H (2011): Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition. Vet Res Commun, 35, 169-180.
  • Hernández F, Madrid J, Garcia V, et al (2004): Influence of two plant extracts on broiler performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poult Sci, 83, 169-174.
  • Hui YH (1996): Oleoresins and essential oils. 145-153. In: Hui YH (Ed.). Bailey’s industrial oil and fat products. Wiley-Interscience Publication. New York, USA.
  • Jamroz D, Kamel C (2002): Plant extracts enhance broiler performance. J Anim Sci, 80, 41-46.
  • Kazemi-Fard M, Kermanshahi H, Rezaei M, et al (2013): Effect of different levels of fennel extract and vit D3 on performance, hatchability and Immunity in post molted broiler breeders. IJAS, 3, 733-745.
  • Ke PJ, Ackman PJ, Linke BH, et al (1977): Differential lipid oxidation in various parts of frozen mackerel. J Food Technol, 12, 37-47.
  • Marino M, Bersani C, Comi G (1999): Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. J Food Protect, 62, 1017-1023.
  • Mohammed AA, Abbas RJ (2009): The effect of using fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare L.) on productive performance of broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci, 8, 642-644.
  • Muckensturm B, Foechterlen D, Reduron JP, et al (1997): Pythochemical and chemotaxonomic studies of Foeniculum vulgare. Biochem Syst Ecol, 25, 353-358.
  • Najdoska M, Bogdanov J, Zdravkovski Z (2010): TLC and GC-MS analyses of essential oil isolated from Macedonian Foeniculi fructus. Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56, 29-36.
  • Nasiroleslami M, Torki M (2010): Including essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) to diet and evaluating performance of laying hens, white blood cell count and egg quality characteristics. Advan Environ Biol, 4, 341-345.
  • NRC (1994): National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  • Palá-Paúl J, García-Jiménez R, Pérez-Alonso MJ, et al (2004): Essential oil composition of the leaves and stems of Meum athamanticum Jacq., from Spain. J Chromatogr A, 1036, 245-247.
  • Pandey R, Kalra A, Tandon S, et al (2000): Essential oil compounds as potent source of nematicidal compounds. J Phytopathol, 148, 501-502.
  • Rota C, Carraminana JJ, Burillo J, et al (2004): In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot, 67, 1252-1256.
  • Ruberto G, Baratta MT, Deans SG, et al (2000): Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Crithmum maritimum essential oils. Planta Medica, 66, 687-693.
  • Sachdev AK, Marandi S, Saxena VK, et al (2011): Effect of brining on egg quality, post hatch performances and carcass quality of broiler chicken. World’s Poult Sci J, 67, 95-104.
  • Sandhu DS, Heinrich M (2005): The use of health foods, spices and other botanicals in the Sikh community in London. Phytother Res, 19, 633-642.
  • Shahat AA, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, et al (2011): Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars. Molecules, 16, 1366-137.
  • Simsek UG, Ciftci M, Özcelik M, et al (2015): Effects of cinnamon and rosemary oils on egg production, egg quality, hatchability traits and blood serum mineral contents in laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 62, 229- 236.
  • Sümbüloglu K, Sümbüloglu V (1995): Biyoistatistik. Özdemir Yayıncılık, 6th Baskı, Ankara.
  • Tanaka Y, Castillo L, Wineland MJ, et al (1978): Synergistic effect of progesterone, testosterone and estradiol in the stimulation of chick renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase. Endocrinology, 103, 2035 -2039.
  • Tollba AAH (2003): Using some natural additives to improve physiological and Productive performance of broiler chicks under high temperature conditions 1-Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) or fennel (Foenicullum vulgare L.). Egypt Poult Sci J, 23, 313-326.
  • Williams P, Losa R (2001): The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult Sci, 17, 14-15.
  • Yesilbağ D (2018): The Effect of Rosemary and Fennel Volatile Oil on Performance and Egg Quality Parameters in Layer Quail Diets. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 65, 413-418.

Year 2025, Volume: 72 Issue: 1, 59 - 66

Gülay Deniz , Şerife Şule Cengiz , Mukaddes Merve Efil , Hakan Tursun , Nuray Şimşek , Halil Kocayılmaz

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1416098

Abstract

References

  • Abdullah AM, Rabia JA (2009): The effect of using fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) on productive performance of broiler chickens, Int J Poult Sci, 8, 642-644.
  • Abou-Elkhair R, Shaimaa S, Eman H (2018): Effect of Supplementing Layer Hen Diet with Phytogenic Feed Additives on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Egg Lipid Peroxidation and Blood Biochemical Constituents. Anim Nutr, 4, 4394-400.
  • Abou-Raiia SH, Abdel-Moein NM, Khalil MY (1991): Chemical evaluation of common dill and bitter fennel seeds. Bull Fac Agri Cairo University, 42,1133-1148.
  • Acamovic T, Brooker JD (2005): Biochemistry of plant metabolites and their effects in animals. Proc Nutr Soc, 64, 403-412.
  • AOAC (2000): Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. AOAC International Maryland USA.
  • Balnevea D, Muheereaza SK (1997): Improving eggshell quality at high temperatures with dietary sodium bicarbonate. Poult Sci, 76, 588-593.
  • Bishop CD (1995): Antiviral activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel (tea tree) against tobacco mosaic virus. J Essential Oil Res, 7, 641-644.
  • Botsoglou NA, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P, et al (2004): The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils or tocopheryl acetate on performance parameters and oxidation of body lipid in broilers. S Afr J Anim Sci, 34, 52-61.
  • Brenes A, Roura E (2010): Essential oils in poultry nutrition. Main effects and mode of action. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 158, 1-14.
  • Brugalli I (2003): Alimentação alternativa: a utilização de fitoterápicos ou nutracêuticos como moduladores da imunidade e desempenho animal. 167-182. In: Simpósio sobre manejo e nutrição de aves e suínos. Campinas: Colégio Brasileiro de Nutrição Animal. Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
  • Bugdaycı KE, Oğuz FK, Oğuz MN, et al (2018): Effects of fennel seed supplementation of ration on performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and total phenol content of egg yolk of laying quails. R Bras Zootec, 47, e20170160.
  • Card LE, Nesheim MC (1972): Poultry production. 11th ed. Lea and febiger, Philadelphia.
  • Carpenter KJ, Clegg KM (1956): The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation to their chemical composition. J Sci Food Agr, 7, 45-51.
  • Cengiz SS (2018): Effects of Rosemary and Fennel Essential Oil Mix on Performance and Meat Lipid Oxidation in Quails. Van Vet J, 29, 39-46.
  • Charles DJ, Morales MR, Simon JE (1993): Essential oil content and chemical composition of finocchio fennel. 570-573. In: J Janick and J.E Simon (Eds.), New Crops. Wiley, New York, USA.
  • Deniz G, Efil MM, Cengiz SS, et al (2022): An investigation on the supplementation of rosemary volatile oil to the laying quail diets. Ank Univ Vet Fak Derg, 69, 17-23.
  • Dorman HJD, Deans SG (2000): Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol, 88, 308-316.
  • EL-Deek AA, Attia YA, Hannfy MM (2003): Effect of anise (Pimpinella anisiumj), ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and their mixture of performance of broilers. Arch Geflügelk, 67, 92-96.
  • Embong MB, Hadziyev D, Molnar S (1997): Essential oils from spices grown in Alberta. Anise oil (Pimpinella anisum). Can J Plant Sci, 57, 681-688.
  • Farese G, Schmidt JL, Mager M (1967): An automated method for the determination of serum calcium with glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil). Clinical Chem, 13, 515-520.
  • Gende LB, Maggi MD, Fritz R, et al (2009): Antimicrobial activity of Pimpinella anisum and Foeniculum vulgare essential oils against Paenibacillus larvae. J Essential Oil Res, 21, 91-93.
  • Gericke S, Kurmies B (1952): Die kolorimetrische Phosphorsäure bestimmung mit Ammonium-Vanadat-Molybdat und ihre Anwendung in der Pflanzenanalyse. Z Pflanzenernähr Düng Bodenk, 59, 235-247.
  • Gharaghani H, Shariatmadari F, Torshizi MA (2015): Effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill) used as a feed additive on the egg quality of laying hens under heat stres. Braz J Poult Sci, 17, 199-208.
  • Gulfraz M, Mehmood S, Minhas N, et al (2008): Composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare. African J Biotech, 7, 4364-4368.
  • Hashemi SR, Davoodi H (2011): Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition. Vet Res Commun, 35, 169-180.
  • Hernández F, Madrid J, Garcia V, et al (2004): Influence of two plant extracts on broiler performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poult Sci, 83, 169-174.
  • Hui YH (1996): Oleoresins and essential oils. 145-153. In: Hui YH (Ed.). Bailey’s industrial oil and fat products. Wiley-Interscience Publication. New York, USA.
  • Jamroz D, Kamel C (2002): Plant extracts enhance broiler performance. J Anim Sci, 80, 41-46.
  • Kazemi-Fard M, Kermanshahi H, Rezaei M, et al (2013): Effect of different levels of fennel extract and vit D3 on performance, hatchability and Immunity in post molted broiler breeders. IJAS, 3, 733-745.
  • Ke PJ, Ackman PJ, Linke BH, et al (1977): Differential lipid oxidation in various parts of frozen mackerel. J Food Technol, 12, 37-47.
  • Marino M, Bersani C, Comi G (1999): Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. measured using a bioimpedometric method. J Food Protect, 62, 1017-1023.
  • Mohammed AA, Abbas RJ (2009): The effect of using fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare L.) on productive performance of broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci, 8, 642-644.
  • Muckensturm B, Foechterlen D, Reduron JP, et al (1997): Pythochemical and chemotaxonomic studies of Foeniculum vulgare. Biochem Syst Ecol, 25, 353-358.
  • Najdoska M, Bogdanov J, Zdravkovski Z (2010): TLC and GC-MS analyses of essential oil isolated from Macedonian Foeniculi fructus. Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56, 29-36.
  • Nasiroleslami M, Torki M (2010): Including essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) to diet and evaluating performance of laying hens, white blood cell count and egg quality characteristics. Advan Environ Biol, 4, 341-345.
  • NRC (1994): National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  • Palá-Paúl J, García-Jiménez R, Pérez-Alonso MJ, et al (2004): Essential oil composition of the leaves and stems of Meum athamanticum Jacq., from Spain. J Chromatogr A, 1036, 245-247.
  • Pandey R, Kalra A, Tandon S, et al (2000): Essential oil compounds as potent source of nematicidal compounds. J Phytopathol, 148, 501-502.
  • Rota C, Carraminana JJ, Burillo J, et al (2004): In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot, 67, 1252-1256.
  • Ruberto G, Baratta MT, Deans SG, et al (2000): Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Crithmum maritimum essential oils. Planta Medica, 66, 687-693.
  • Sachdev AK, Marandi S, Saxena VK, et al (2011): Effect of brining on egg quality, post hatch performances and carcass quality of broiler chicken. World’s Poult Sci J, 67, 95-104.
  • Sandhu DS, Heinrich M (2005): The use of health foods, spices and other botanicals in the Sikh community in London. Phytother Res, 19, 633-642.
  • Shahat AA, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, et al (2011): Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars. Molecules, 16, 1366-137.
  • Simsek UG, Ciftci M, Özcelik M, et al (2015): Effects of cinnamon and rosemary oils on egg production, egg quality, hatchability traits and blood serum mineral contents in laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 62, 229- 236.
  • Sümbüloglu K, Sümbüloglu V (1995): Biyoistatistik. Özdemir Yayıncılık, 6th Baskı, Ankara.
  • Tanaka Y, Castillo L, Wineland MJ, et al (1978): Synergistic effect of progesterone, testosterone and estradiol in the stimulation of chick renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase. Endocrinology, 103, 2035 -2039.
  • Tollba AAH (2003): Using some natural additives to improve physiological and Productive performance of broiler chicks under high temperature conditions 1-Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) or fennel (Foenicullum vulgare L.). Egypt Poult Sci J, 23, 313-326.
  • Williams P, Losa R (2001): The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult Sci, 17, 14-15.
  • Yesilbağ D (2018): The Effect of Rosemary and Fennel Volatile Oil on Performance and Egg Quality Parameters in Layer Quail Diets. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 65, 413-418.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülay Deniz 0000-0003-3817-4359

Şerife Şule Cengiz 0000-0003-0708-3833

Mukaddes Merve Efil 0000-0003-0646-9777

Hakan Tursun 0009-0002-2780-1337

Nuray Şimşek 0009-0007-1369-5429

Halil Kocayılmaz 0009-0001-1928-7879

Early Pub Date June 28, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date January 7, 2024
Acceptance Date April 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 72 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Deniz, G., Cengiz, Ş. Ş., Efil, M. M., Tursun, H., et al. (n.d.). Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 72(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1416098
AMA Deniz G, Cengiz ŞŞ, Efil MM, Tursun H, Şimşek N, Kocayılmaz H. Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 72(1):59-66. doi:10.33988/auvfd.1416098
Chicago Deniz, Gülay, Şerife Şule Cengiz, Mukaddes Merve Efil, Hakan Tursun, Nuray Şimşek, and Halil Kocayılmaz. “Effects of Dietary Fennel Volatile Oil on Performance, Egg Quality, and Egg Yolk Oxidative Stability of Laying Quails”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72, no. 1 n.d.: 59-66. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1416098.
EndNote Deniz G, Cengiz ŞŞ, Efil MM, Tursun H, Şimşek N, Kocayılmaz H Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72 1 59–66.
IEEE G. Deniz, Ş. Ş. Cengiz, M. M. Efil, H. Tursun, N. Şimşek, and H. Kocayılmaz, “Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 59–66, doi: 10.33988/auvfd.1416098.
ISNAD Deniz, Gülay et al. “Effects of Dietary Fennel Volatile Oil on Performance, Egg Quality, and Egg Yolk Oxidative Stability of Laying Quails”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72/1 (n.d.), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1416098.
JAMA Deniz G, Cengiz ŞŞ, Efil MM, Tursun H, Şimşek N, Kocayılmaz H. Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg.;72:59–66.
MLA Deniz, Gülay et al. “Effects of Dietary Fennel Volatile Oil on Performance, Egg Quality, and Egg Yolk Oxidative Stability of Laying Quails”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 59-66, doi:10.33988/auvfd.1416098.
Vancouver Deniz G, Cengiz ŞŞ, Efil MM, Tursun H, Şimşek N, Kocayılmaz H. Effects of dietary fennel volatile oil on performance, egg quality, and egg yolk oxidative stability of laying quails. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 72(1):59-66.
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