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Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management

Year 2025, Volume: 72 Issue: 1, 121 - 130

Oytun Okan Şenel , İrem Ergin , Sumeyye Sainkaplan

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1443443

Abstract

Limbal stem cell deficiency is a progressive process that causes a severe cellular reaction on the corneal surface and can result in blindness in animals, especially in cats. Many medical and surgical methods have been developed to increase the limbal epithelial stem cell population or for the restoration and reconstruction of the limbal region. With the advancements in science and technology today, cell-based regenerative therapies hold promise for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency in animals. This review has been prepared to evaluate the etiology of limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency, to reveal effective diagnostic criteria in determining the disease, and to provide a general perspective on the therapeutic management in cats.

Keywords

Feline Limbal reconstruction Limbus Mesenchymal stem cells

References

  • Acar U, Pinarli FA, Acar DE, et al (2015): Effect of allogeneic limbal mesenchymal stem cell therapy in corneal healing: role of administration route. Ophthalmic Res, 53, 82–89.
  • Araújo AL, Ricardo JR, Sakai VN, et al (2013): Impression cytology and in vivo confocal microscopy in corneas with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Arq Bras Oftalmol, 76, 305–308.
  • Azari AA, Rapuano CJ (2015): Autologous serum eye drops for the treatment of ocular surface disease. Eye Contact Lens 41, 133–140.
  • Barachetti L, Giudice C, Mortellaro CM (2010): Amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: pilot study. Vet Ophthalmol, 13, 326–330.
  • Baradaran-Rafii A, Asl NS, Ebrahimi M, et al (2018): The role of amniotic membrane extract eye drop (AMEED) in in vivo cultivation of limbal stem cells. Ocul Surf, 16, 146–153.
  • Basu S, Sureka SP, Shanbhag SS, et al (2016): Simple limbal epithelial transplantation: long-term clinical outcomes in 125 cases of unilateral chronic ocular surface burns. Ophthalmology, 123, 1000–1010.
  • Belknap EB (2015): Corneal emergencies. Topics in Companion an Med, 30, 74–80.
  • Brunelli ATJ, Vicenti FAM, Oria A, et al (2007): Excision of sclerocorneal limbus in dogs and resulting clinical events. Study of an experimental model. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 58, 52-58.
  • Cejkova J, Trosan P, Cejka C, et al (2013): Suppression of alkali-induced oxidative injury in the cornea by mesenchymal stem cells growing on nanofiber scaffolds and transferred onto the damaged corneal surface. Exp Eye Res, 116, 312–323.
  • Deb A, Gupta S, Mazumde PB (2021): Exosomes: A new horizon in modern medicine. Life Sci, 264, 1-18.
  • Dehghani S, Rasoulianboroujeni M, Ghasemi H, et al (2018): 3D-Printed membrane as an alternative to amniotic membrane for ocular surface/conjunctival defect reconstruction: an in vitro & in vivo study. Biomaterials, 174, 95–112.
  • Delic NC, Cai JR, Watson SL, et al (2022): Evaluating the clinical translational relevance of animal models for limbal stem cell deficiency: A systematic review. Ocul Surf, 23, 169-183.
  • Deng SX, Santos AD, Gee S (2020): Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Corneal Injuries and Scars. Trans Vis Sci Tech, 9, 1-10.
  • Dios E, Herreras JM, Mayo A, et al (2005): Efficacy of systemic cyclosporine A and amniotic membrane on rabbit conjunctival limbal allograft rejection. Cornea, 24, 182–188.
  • Dohlman CH, Cade F, Pfister R (2011): Chemical burns to the eye: Paradigm shifts in treatment. Cornea, 30, 613-614.
  • Durham NC (2019): Controlled Trial Shows Promise of Donated Stem Cells in Restoring Vision. Available at https://stemcellsportal.com/press-releases/controlled-trial-shows-promise-donated-stem-cells-restoring-vision (Accessed January 28, 2024).
  • Eördögh R, Schwendenwein I, Tichy A, et al (2015): Impression cytology: a novel sampling technique for conjunctival cytology of the feline eye. Vet Ophthalmol, 18, 276–284.
  • Eslani M, Putra I, Shen X, et al (2018): Cornea-derived mesenchymal stromal cells therapeutically modulate macrophage immunophenotype and angiogenic function. Stem Cells, 36, 775–784.
  • Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, AbuBakr HO, et al (2021): Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: Novel Clinical Application of Regenerative Therapy Using Subconjunctival Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma. Front Vet Sci, 8, 641265.
  • Freire V, Andollo N, Etxebarria J, et al (2014): Corneal wound healing promoted by 3 blood derivatives: an in vitro and in vivo comparative study. Cornea, 33, 614-620.
  • Giannaccare G, Versura P, Buzzi M, et al (2017): Blood derived eye drops for the treatment of cornea and ocular surface diseases. Transfus Apher Sci, 56, 595–604.
  • Gould D (2011): Feline herpesvirus-1: ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options. J Feline Med Surg, 13, 333–346.
  • Ho TC, Chen SL, Wu JY, et al (2013): Pedf promotes selfrenewal of limbal stem cell and accelerates corneal epithelial wound healing. Stem Cells, 31, 1775–1784.
  • Hovinen E (2020): Mesenchymal Stem Cell - Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Corneal Wound Healing. Tampere University Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finland.
  • Ilmarinen T, Laine J, Juuti-Uusitalo K, et al (2013): Towards a defined, serum- and feeder-free culture of stratified human oral mucosal epithelium for ocular surface reconstruction. Acta Ophthalmol, 91, 744–750.
  • Ion L, Ionascu I, Garcia Joz C, et al (2016): Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Feline Corneal Sequestrum: Preliminary Results. AgroLife Sci J, 5, 91-98.
  • Kate A, Basu S (2022): A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Front Med, 9, 836009.
  • Kim KM, Shin YT, Kim HK (2012): Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on persistent corneal epithelial defect after infectious keratitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 56, 544–550.
  • Konomi K, Satake Y, Shimmura S, et al (2013): Long-term results of amniotic membrane transplantation for partial limbal deficiency. Cornea, 32, 1110–1115.
  • Korittum AS, Kassem MM, Adel A, et al (2019): Effect of Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Reconstruction of Canine Corneal Wound. AJVS, 60, 56-66.
  • Kuriyan AE, Albini TA, Townsend JH, et al (2017): Vision Loss after Intravitreal Injection of Autologous “Stem Cells” for AMD. N Engl J Med, 376, 1047–1053.
  • Le Q, Xu J, Deng SX (2018): The diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency. Ocul Surf, 16, 58-69.
  • Ledbetter EC, Badanes ZI, Chan RX, et al (2022): Comparative Efficacy of Topical Ophthalmic Ganciclovir and Oral Famciclovir in Cats with Experimental Ocular Feline Herpesvirus-1 Epithelial Infection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 38, 339–347.
  • Lee MJ, Ko AY, Ko JH, et al (2015): Mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells protect the ocular surface by suppressing inflammation in an experimental dry eye. Mol Ther: J Am Soc Gene Ther, 23, 139–146.
  • Lenčová A, Pokorná K, Zajícová A, et al (2011): Graft survival and cytokine production profile after limbal transplantation in the experimental mouse model. Transpl Immunol, 24, 189–194.
  • Liang Q, Le Q, Wang L, et al (2022): Cytokeratin 13 Is a New Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Cornea, 41, 867–873.
  • Liu J, Jiang F, Jiang Y, et al (2020): Roles of Exosomes in Ocular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine, 15, 10519–10538.
  • Liu X, Xu S, Wang Y, et al (2021): Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Alterations in Patients With Unilateral Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus as Shown by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 62, 12.
  • Lyons VN, Townsend WM, Moore GE, et al (2021): Commercial amniotic membrane extract for treatment of corneal ulcers in adult horses. Equine Vet J, 53, 1268–1276.
  • Ma B, Zhou Y, Liu R, et al (2021): Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays anti-inflammatory roles in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. Ocul Surf, 20, 70–85.
  • Mansoor H, Ong HS, Riau AK, et al (2019): Current Trends and Future Perspective of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Corneal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 20, 2853.
  • McLuckie AJ, Barrs VR, Lindsay S, et al (2018): Molecular Diagnosis of Felis catus Gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1) infection in cats of known retrovirus status with and without lymphoma. Viruses, 10, 1-14.
  • Mohammadpour M, Hashemi H, Jabbarvand M, et al (2014): Penetration of Silicate Nanoparticles into the Corneal Stroma and Intraocular Fluids. Cornea, 33, 738.
  • Moshirfar M, Masud M, Harvey DH, et al (2023): The Multifold Etiologies of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review on the Etiologies and Additional Treatment Options for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. J Clin Med, 12, 4418.
  • Niknejad H, Yazdanpanah G, Ahmadiani A (2016): Induction of apoptosis, stimulation of cell-cycle arrest and inhibition of angiogenesis make human amnion-derived cells promising sources for cell therapy of cancer. Cell Tissue Res, 363, 599–608.
  • Patruno M, Perazzi A, Martinello T, et al (2018): Investigations of the corneal epithelial in veterinary medicine: State of the art on corneal stem cells found in different mammalian species and their putative application. Res Vet Sci, 118, 502-507.
  • Perazzi A, Bonsembiante F, Gelain ME, et al (2017): Cytology of the healthy canine and feline ocular surface: comparison between cytobrush and impression technique. Vet Clin Pathol, 46, 164–171.
  • Poli M, Janin H, Justin V, et al (2011): Keratin 13 Immunostaining in Corneal Impression Cytology for the Diagnosis of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 52, 9411-9415.
  • Plummer CE, Ollivier F, Kallberg M, et al (2011): The use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction: a review and series of 58 equine clinical cases (2002–2008). Vet Ophthalmol, 12, 17–24.
  • Rahman I, Said DG, Maharajan VS, et al (2009): Amniotic membrane in ophthalmology: indications and limitations. Eye, 23, 1954–1961.
  • Rampazzo A, Eule C, Speier S, et al (2006): Scleral rupture in dogs, cats, and horses. Vet Ophthalmol, 9, 149-155.
  • Samaeekia R, Eslani M, Putra I, et al (2018): Role of human corneal mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in corneal epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 59, 3454.
  • Sanchez RF, Daniels JT (2016): Mini Review: Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency in Companion Animals: Time to Give Something Back? Curr Eye Res, 41, 1-8.
  • Sayed-Safia AG, Danielsa JT (2020): The limbus: Structure and function. Exp Eye Res, 197, 1-9.
  • Senel OO, Ergin I (2014): Medical and Surgical Treatment of Severe Corneal Alkaline Burn in a Cat. Vet Hek Der Derg, 85, 24-28.
  • Sharma SM, Fuchsluger T, Ahmad S, et al (2012): Comparative analysis of human-derived feeder layers with 3T3 fibroblasts for the ex vivo expansion of human limbal and oral epithelium. Stem Cell Rev, 8, 696–705.
  • Shayan Asl N, Nejat F, Mohammadi P, et al (2019): Amniotic Membrane Extract Eye Drop Promotes Limbal Stem Cell Proliferation and Corneal Epithelium Healing. Cell J, 20, 459–468.
  • Shiraishi H, Vernau KM, Kim S, et al (2023): Symblepharon in kittens: a retrospective study of 40 kittens and 54 eyes (2002-2022). J Feline Med Surg, 25.
  • Singh RB, Blanco T, Mittal SK, et al (2020): Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor secreted by corneal epithelial cells regulates dendritic cell maturation in dry eye disease. Ocul Surf, 18, 460–469.
  • Stiles J (2000): Feline herpesvirus. The Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Anim Pract, 30, 1001–1014.
  • Stiles J, Townsend WM (2007): Feline ophthalmology. 1095–1164. In: KN Gelatt (Ed), Blackwell Publishing, Iowa.
  • Tseng CL, Chen ZY, Renn TY, et al (2016): Solvent/detergent virally inactivated serum eye drops restore healthy ocular epithelium in a rabbit model of dry-eye syndrome. PLoS One, 11, e0153573.
  • Turan G, Oltulu P, Turan M, et al (2019): The Use of Impression Cytology in Ocular Surface Diseases. Selcuk Med J, 35, 43-46.
  • Yazdanpanah G, Haq Z, Kang K, et al (2019): Strategies for reconstructing the limbal stem cell niche. Ocular Surf, 17, 230–240.
  • Yu B, Li XR, Zhang XM (2020): Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Ocular Diseases. World J Stem Cells, 12, 178–187.

Year 2025, Volume: 72 Issue: 1, 121 - 130

Oytun Okan Şenel , İrem Ergin , Sumeyye Sainkaplan

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1443443

Abstract

References

  • Acar U, Pinarli FA, Acar DE, et al (2015): Effect of allogeneic limbal mesenchymal stem cell therapy in corneal healing: role of administration route. Ophthalmic Res, 53, 82–89.
  • Araújo AL, Ricardo JR, Sakai VN, et al (2013): Impression cytology and in vivo confocal microscopy in corneas with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Arq Bras Oftalmol, 76, 305–308.
  • Azari AA, Rapuano CJ (2015): Autologous serum eye drops for the treatment of ocular surface disease. Eye Contact Lens 41, 133–140.
  • Barachetti L, Giudice C, Mortellaro CM (2010): Amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: pilot study. Vet Ophthalmol, 13, 326–330.
  • Baradaran-Rafii A, Asl NS, Ebrahimi M, et al (2018): The role of amniotic membrane extract eye drop (AMEED) in in vivo cultivation of limbal stem cells. Ocul Surf, 16, 146–153.
  • Basu S, Sureka SP, Shanbhag SS, et al (2016): Simple limbal epithelial transplantation: long-term clinical outcomes in 125 cases of unilateral chronic ocular surface burns. Ophthalmology, 123, 1000–1010.
  • Belknap EB (2015): Corneal emergencies. Topics in Companion an Med, 30, 74–80.
  • Brunelli ATJ, Vicenti FAM, Oria A, et al (2007): Excision of sclerocorneal limbus in dogs and resulting clinical events. Study of an experimental model. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 58, 52-58.
  • Cejkova J, Trosan P, Cejka C, et al (2013): Suppression of alkali-induced oxidative injury in the cornea by mesenchymal stem cells growing on nanofiber scaffolds and transferred onto the damaged corneal surface. Exp Eye Res, 116, 312–323.
  • Deb A, Gupta S, Mazumde PB (2021): Exosomes: A new horizon in modern medicine. Life Sci, 264, 1-18.
  • Dehghani S, Rasoulianboroujeni M, Ghasemi H, et al (2018): 3D-Printed membrane as an alternative to amniotic membrane for ocular surface/conjunctival defect reconstruction: an in vitro & in vivo study. Biomaterials, 174, 95–112.
  • Delic NC, Cai JR, Watson SL, et al (2022): Evaluating the clinical translational relevance of animal models for limbal stem cell deficiency: A systematic review. Ocul Surf, 23, 169-183.
  • Deng SX, Santos AD, Gee S (2020): Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Corneal Injuries and Scars. Trans Vis Sci Tech, 9, 1-10.
  • Dios E, Herreras JM, Mayo A, et al (2005): Efficacy of systemic cyclosporine A and amniotic membrane on rabbit conjunctival limbal allograft rejection. Cornea, 24, 182–188.
  • Dohlman CH, Cade F, Pfister R (2011): Chemical burns to the eye: Paradigm shifts in treatment. Cornea, 30, 613-614.
  • Durham NC (2019): Controlled Trial Shows Promise of Donated Stem Cells in Restoring Vision. Available at https://stemcellsportal.com/press-releases/controlled-trial-shows-promise-donated-stem-cells-restoring-vision (Accessed January 28, 2024).
  • Eördögh R, Schwendenwein I, Tichy A, et al (2015): Impression cytology: a novel sampling technique for conjunctival cytology of the feline eye. Vet Ophthalmol, 18, 276–284.
  • Eslani M, Putra I, Shen X, et al (2018): Cornea-derived mesenchymal stromal cells therapeutically modulate macrophage immunophenotype and angiogenic function. Stem Cells, 36, 775–784.
  • Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, AbuBakr HO, et al (2021): Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: Novel Clinical Application of Regenerative Therapy Using Subconjunctival Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma. Front Vet Sci, 8, 641265.
  • Freire V, Andollo N, Etxebarria J, et al (2014): Corneal wound healing promoted by 3 blood derivatives: an in vitro and in vivo comparative study. Cornea, 33, 614-620.
  • Giannaccare G, Versura P, Buzzi M, et al (2017): Blood derived eye drops for the treatment of cornea and ocular surface diseases. Transfus Apher Sci, 56, 595–604.
  • Gould D (2011): Feline herpesvirus-1: ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options. J Feline Med Surg, 13, 333–346.
  • Ho TC, Chen SL, Wu JY, et al (2013): Pedf promotes selfrenewal of limbal stem cell and accelerates corneal epithelial wound healing. Stem Cells, 31, 1775–1784.
  • Hovinen E (2020): Mesenchymal Stem Cell - Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Corneal Wound Healing. Tampere University Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finland.
  • Ilmarinen T, Laine J, Juuti-Uusitalo K, et al (2013): Towards a defined, serum- and feeder-free culture of stratified human oral mucosal epithelium for ocular surface reconstruction. Acta Ophthalmol, 91, 744–750.
  • Ion L, Ionascu I, Garcia Joz C, et al (2016): Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Feline Corneal Sequestrum: Preliminary Results. AgroLife Sci J, 5, 91-98.
  • Kate A, Basu S (2022): A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Front Med, 9, 836009.
  • Kim KM, Shin YT, Kim HK (2012): Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on persistent corneal epithelial defect after infectious keratitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 56, 544–550.
  • Konomi K, Satake Y, Shimmura S, et al (2013): Long-term results of amniotic membrane transplantation for partial limbal deficiency. Cornea, 32, 1110–1115.
  • Korittum AS, Kassem MM, Adel A, et al (2019): Effect of Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Reconstruction of Canine Corneal Wound. AJVS, 60, 56-66.
  • Kuriyan AE, Albini TA, Townsend JH, et al (2017): Vision Loss after Intravitreal Injection of Autologous “Stem Cells” for AMD. N Engl J Med, 376, 1047–1053.
  • Le Q, Xu J, Deng SX (2018): The diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency. Ocul Surf, 16, 58-69.
  • Ledbetter EC, Badanes ZI, Chan RX, et al (2022): Comparative Efficacy of Topical Ophthalmic Ganciclovir and Oral Famciclovir in Cats with Experimental Ocular Feline Herpesvirus-1 Epithelial Infection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 38, 339–347.
  • Lee MJ, Ko AY, Ko JH, et al (2015): Mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells protect the ocular surface by suppressing inflammation in an experimental dry eye. Mol Ther: J Am Soc Gene Ther, 23, 139–146.
  • Lenčová A, Pokorná K, Zajícová A, et al (2011): Graft survival and cytokine production profile after limbal transplantation in the experimental mouse model. Transpl Immunol, 24, 189–194.
  • Liang Q, Le Q, Wang L, et al (2022): Cytokeratin 13 Is a New Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Cornea, 41, 867–873.
  • Liu J, Jiang F, Jiang Y, et al (2020): Roles of Exosomes in Ocular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine, 15, 10519–10538.
  • Liu X, Xu S, Wang Y, et al (2021): Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Alterations in Patients With Unilateral Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus as Shown by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 62, 12.
  • Lyons VN, Townsend WM, Moore GE, et al (2021): Commercial amniotic membrane extract for treatment of corneal ulcers in adult horses. Equine Vet J, 53, 1268–1276.
  • Ma B, Zhou Y, Liu R, et al (2021): Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays anti-inflammatory roles in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. Ocul Surf, 20, 70–85.
  • Mansoor H, Ong HS, Riau AK, et al (2019): Current Trends and Future Perspective of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Corneal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 20, 2853.
  • McLuckie AJ, Barrs VR, Lindsay S, et al (2018): Molecular Diagnosis of Felis catus Gammaherpesvirus 1 (FcaGHV1) infection in cats of known retrovirus status with and without lymphoma. Viruses, 10, 1-14.
  • Mohammadpour M, Hashemi H, Jabbarvand M, et al (2014): Penetration of Silicate Nanoparticles into the Corneal Stroma and Intraocular Fluids. Cornea, 33, 738.
  • Moshirfar M, Masud M, Harvey DH, et al (2023): The Multifold Etiologies of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review on the Etiologies and Additional Treatment Options for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. J Clin Med, 12, 4418.
  • Niknejad H, Yazdanpanah G, Ahmadiani A (2016): Induction of apoptosis, stimulation of cell-cycle arrest and inhibition of angiogenesis make human amnion-derived cells promising sources for cell therapy of cancer. Cell Tissue Res, 363, 599–608.
  • Patruno M, Perazzi A, Martinello T, et al (2018): Investigations of the corneal epithelial in veterinary medicine: State of the art on corneal stem cells found in different mammalian species and their putative application. Res Vet Sci, 118, 502-507.
  • Perazzi A, Bonsembiante F, Gelain ME, et al (2017): Cytology of the healthy canine and feline ocular surface: comparison between cytobrush and impression technique. Vet Clin Pathol, 46, 164–171.
  • Poli M, Janin H, Justin V, et al (2011): Keratin 13 Immunostaining in Corneal Impression Cytology for the Diagnosis of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 52, 9411-9415.
  • Plummer CE, Ollivier F, Kallberg M, et al (2011): The use of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction: a review and series of 58 equine clinical cases (2002–2008). Vet Ophthalmol, 12, 17–24.
  • Rahman I, Said DG, Maharajan VS, et al (2009): Amniotic membrane in ophthalmology: indications and limitations. Eye, 23, 1954–1961.
  • Rampazzo A, Eule C, Speier S, et al (2006): Scleral rupture in dogs, cats, and horses. Vet Ophthalmol, 9, 149-155.
  • Samaeekia R, Eslani M, Putra I, et al (2018): Role of human corneal mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in corneal epithelial wound healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 59, 3454.
  • Sanchez RF, Daniels JT (2016): Mini Review: Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency in Companion Animals: Time to Give Something Back? Curr Eye Res, 41, 1-8.
  • Sayed-Safia AG, Danielsa JT (2020): The limbus: Structure and function. Exp Eye Res, 197, 1-9.
  • Senel OO, Ergin I (2014): Medical and Surgical Treatment of Severe Corneal Alkaline Burn in a Cat. Vet Hek Der Derg, 85, 24-28.
  • Sharma SM, Fuchsluger T, Ahmad S, et al (2012): Comparative analysis of human-derived feeder layers with 3T3 fibroblasts for the ex vivo expansion of human limbal and oral epithelium. Stem Cell Rev, 8, 696–705.
  • Shayan Asl N, Nejat F, Mohammadi P, et al (2019): Amniotic Membrane Extract Eye Drop Promotes Limbal Stem Cell Proliferation and Corneal Epithelium Healing. Cell J, 20, 459–468.
  • Shiraishi H, Vernau KM, Kim S, et al (2023): Symblepharon in kittens: a retrospective study of 40 kittens and 54 eyes (2002-2022). J Feline Med Surg, 25.
  • Singh RB, Blanco T, Mittal SK, et al (2020): Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor secreted by corneal epithelial cells regulates dendritic cell maturation in dry eye disease. Ocul Surf, 18, 460–469.
  • Stiles J (2000): Feline herpesvirus. The Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Anim Pract, 30, 1001–1014.
  • Stiles J, Townsend WM (2007): Feline ophthalmology. 1095–1164. In: KN Gelatt (Ed), Blackwell Publishing, Iowa.
  • Tseng CL, Chen ZY, Renn TY, et al (2016): Solvent/detergent virally inactivated serum eye drops restore healthy ocular epithelium in a rabbit model of dry-eye syndrome. PLoS One, 11, e0153573.
  • Turan G, Oltulu P, Turan M, et al (2019): The Use of Impression Cytology in Ocular Surface Diseases. Selcuk Med J, 35, 43-46.
  • Yazdanpanah G, Haq Z, Kang K, et al (2019): Strategies for reconstructing the limbal stem cell niche. Ocular Surf, 17, 230–240.
  • Yu B, Li XR, Zhang XM (2020): Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Ocular Diseases. World J Stem Cells, 12, 178–187.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Review
Authors

Oytun Okan Şenel 0000-0002-9008-9437

İrem Ergin 0000-0003-2373-5133

Sumeyye Sainkaplan 0000-0001-6335-2466

Publication Date
Submission Date February 28, 2024
Acceptance Date May 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 72 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şenel, O. O., Ergin, İ., & Sainkaplan, S. (n.d.). Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 72(1), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1443443
AMA Şenel OO, Ergin İ, Sainkaplan S. Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 72(1):121-130. doi:10.33988/auvfd.1443443
Chicago Şenel, Oytun Okan, İrem Ergin, and Sumeyye Sainkaplan. “Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Cats: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72, no. 1 n.d.: 121-30. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1443443.
EndNote Şenel OO, Ergin İ, Sainkaplan S Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72 1 121–130.
IEEE O. O. Şenel, İ. Ergin, and S. Sainkaplan, “Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 121–130, doi: 10.33988/auvfd.1443443.
ISNAD Şenel, Oytun Okan et al. “Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Cats: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72/1 (n.d.), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1443443.
JAMA Şenel OO, Ergin İ, Sainkaplan S. Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg.;72:121–130.
MLA Şenel, Oytun Okan et al. “Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Cats: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 121-30, doi:10.33988/auvfd.1443443.
Vancouver Şenel OO, Ergin İ, Sainkaplan S. Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 72(1):121-30.
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