Editöre Mektup
Broyler altlık materyaline uygulanan çeşitli antimikrobiyal etkili uçucu yağların (Karvakrol, Sinamaldehit, Timol) altlık hijyeni ve broyler performansına etkileri
Öz
Bu çalışmada; altlık materyali olarak kullanılan planya talaşına, antimikrobiyal etkili karvakrol, sinamaldehit veya timol çözeltileri pülverize edilerek, 6 haftalık yetiştirme periyodunca altlıktan kaynaklanabilecek sorunların giderilip giderilemeyeceği araştırılmıştır. Bölmelere 10 cm kalınlığında planya talaşı altlık serilerek [Her bir bölmeye 3x2x0.1= 0,6 m3 altlık, 22,5 mL uçucu yağ (UY))] % 15’lik timol, karvakrol veya sinamaldehit çözeltileri ayrı ayrı altlıklar üzerine pülverize edilmişlerdir. Denemede, 500 adet 1 günlük yaşta ticari Ross-308 genotipinden erkek civciv deneme ünitelerinde bulunan altlıklar üzerinde yetiştirmeye alınmışlardır. Çalışma, 4 deneme grubunda ve her bir deneme grubu için 5 tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiş olup, her grupta toplam 125 adet civciv kullanılmıştır. Denemede incelenen 0–6 haftalık yem tüketimleri (YT), yem değerlendirme katsayıları (YDK), canlı ağırlık kazançları (CAK) ve karkas oranı (KO) bakımından altlığa ilave edilen UY’lerin olumlu bir etkisi tespit edilememiştir. Buna karşın, ölen hayvan sayıları bakımından timol ve sinemaldehit ihtiva eden gruplarda istatistiki olarak ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Bu nedenle timol ve sinemaldehit kullanımlarının olumlu etkileri gelecekteki çalışmaların bu iki etken madde bakımından cesaret verici bulunmuştur
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Allen, P. C., Danforth, H. D., Augustine, P. C.,1998. Diet modulation of avian coccidiosis. International J. for Parasitology, 28: 1131–1140.
- Aureli, P., Constantini, A., Zolea, S., 1992. Antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils against Listeria monocytogeneses. J. of Food Protection, 55: 344–348.
- Botts, C. W., Ferguson, L.C., Birkland, A. R., 1952. The influence of litter on the control of Salmonella infections in chicks. Am. J. Vet. Res., 13:562–565.
- Bozin, N., Mimica-Dukic, N. S., Anackov, G., 2006.Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. J. of Agric. and Food Chem., 54:1822–1828.
- Bullis, K. L., Snoeyenbos, G. H. Van Roekel, H., 1950. Akeratoconjunctivitis in chickens. Poult. Sci., 29:386–399.
- Chung, K.C., Goeptert, J.M., 1970.Growth of Salmonella at low pH. J. Food Sci., 35: 326-328..
- Delaquis, P.J., Stanich, K., Girard, B., Mazza, G., 2002.Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. International J. of Food Microbiol., 74: 101– 109.
- Demirözü,K., 1995. Tavukçuklukta temizlik ve dezenfeksiyon. VI. Hayvancılık ve Beslenme Sempozyumu ’95. Tavuk Yetiştiriciliği ve Hastalıkları, Konya, s: 325-333.
- Dorman, H.J.D., Deans,S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microb., 88: 308-316.
- Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T. ve Gürbüz, F., 1983. İstatistik Metodları I.,A.Ü. Zir. F.Yay.229
- Foster, J.W., 1995. The acid tolerance response of Salmonella thyhimurium. Crit. Rev.Microbiol., 21:215- 237.
- Gutierrez, J. Barry-Ryan, C., Bourke, P., 2008. The antimicrobial efficacy of plant essential oil combinations and interactions with food ingredients. Int. J. of Food Microbiol., 124: 91–97.
- Halle, I. R., Thomann, U., Bauermann, M. Henning., Köhler, P., 2004. Effects of a graded supplementation of herbs and essential oils in broiler feed on growth and carcass traits. Landbauforshung Volkenrode, 54:219-229.
- Hess, J. P., Blake, K. S., Macklin, R.A., Norton, Bilgili, S. F., 2007. Effective broiler litter management. Poultry Int.,46:18-21
- Horosova, K., Bujnakova D., Kmet, V., 2006. Effect of oregano essential oil on chicken Lactobacilli and E. Coli . Folia Microbiologica, 51: 278–280.
- Jerkovic, I., Mastelic, J., Milos, M., 2001. The impact of both the season of collection and drying on the volatile constituents of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum grown wild in Croatia. Int.J. of Food Science & Technology, 36: 649– 654.
- Juven, B.J., Kanner, J., Schved, F., Weisslowicz, H., 1994. Factors that interact with the antibacterial action of thyme essential oil and its active constituents. J. of Applied Bacteriology, 76: 626– 631.
- Karatzas, A.K., Bennik, M.H.J., Smid, E.J., Kets, E.P.W., 2000. Combined action of S-carvone and mild heat treatment on Listeria monocytogenes . J. of Applied Microbiol. , 89: 296– 301.
- Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Beynen, A.C., 2004. Essential oils in broiler nutrition, In. J. of Poult. Sci., 3: 738-752.
- Line, J.E., 2002. Campylobacter and Salmonella populations associated with chickens raised on acidifier litter. Poult. Sci., 81:1473-1477.
- Malone, G. W., Chaloupka, G. W. , Saylor,W. W.,1983. Influence of litter type and size on on broiler performance. 1.Factors affecting litter consumption. Poult. Sci., 62:1741–1746.
- Marcus, R., Varma, J.K., Medus, C., Boothe, E.J., Anderson, B.J., Crume, T., Fullerton, K.E., Moore, M.R., White, P.L., Lyszkowics, E., Voetsch, A.C., Angulo, F.J., 2007. Re-assessment of risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Enteridis infections: a case- control study in five foodnet sites, 2002-2003. Epidemiol. Infect., 135:84-92.
- Minitab., 1998. Minitab for Windows. Minitab Inc., USA.
- Mstat-C: 1989. A Microcomputer Program for the Design, Management, and Analysis of Agronomic Research Experiments. Michigan State University – USA.
- Özçelik, S., 1992. Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi Laboratuvar Kılavuzu. Fırat Üniv. Fen Edeb. Fak. Yay. No:1, Elazığ
- Ratledge, C., Wilkinson, S.G., 1988. An overview of microbial lipids. In: Ratledge, C.,Wilkinson, S.G. (Eds.), Microbial Lipids, vol. 1. Academic Press, London, 3– 22.
- Sarıca, M., Biçer, A., 2004. Etlik piliç üretiminde altlık olarak fındık zurufu ve talaşın farklı kalınlıklarda kullanılmasının verim ve altlık özelliklerine etkileri. Yüksek lisans Tezi. O.M. Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.
- TS 5925. 2009. Kanatlı Hayvanlar-Tavuk Kesim ve Karkas Hazırlama Kuralları www.tse.org.tr/TSEIntWeb/Standard/
- Ultee, A., Kets, E.P.W., Alberda, M., Hoekstra, F.A., Smid, E.J., 2000. Adaptation of the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus to carvacrol. Arch. of Microbiol., 174: 233– 238.
- Ultee, A., Bennink, M.H.J., Moezelaar, R., 2002. The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl. and Env. Microbiol., 68 (4): 1561–1568. PhD thesis, ISBN 90- 5808-219-9.
- Yıldırım, İ., Özcan, M., Yetişir, R.. 2003. The use of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L) essential oils as alternative hatching egg disinfectant versus Formaldahyde Fumigation in Quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) Egg. Revue Med. Vet., 154:367-370.
- Yousef, R.T., Tawil, G.G., 1980. Antimicrobial activity of volatile oils. Pharmazia, 35:698–701. Geliş tarihi: 15.12.2009 / Kabul tarihi: 22.06.2010
The effects of various essential oils (Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, Thymol) having antimicrobial properties that are applied to broiler litter on litter hygiene and broiler performance
Öz
In the current study, some volatile oils including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and thymol compounds with 15 % solutions (added stabilizer) have been added on broiler litter material (pine shavings) in order to determine their antimicrobial properties. The litter material has been bedded as 10 cm height (3x2x0.1=0.6 m3 litter material for each unit) and 22,5 mL of volatile oil solution were pulverized on the material according to their treatment group for every 0.6 cubic meter litter material. A total of 500 one-day old male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were used in the study. The chicks raised on pine shaving litter material during whole rearing period. Four treatment groups were designed and five replicates (25 chicks in each replication) allocated for each treatment group and totally 125 chicks were used for each treatment group. In this trial, 0–6 wks feed consumptions (FC), feed conversion rates (FCR), live weight gains (LWG) and carcass rates have been evaluated. As result, there were not established any positive effects on production parameters of broiler when volatile oil compounds added on litter material. However, the number of dead birds were decreased when thymol and cinnamaldehyde volatile oils added to litter material. Therefore, further studies should be investigated particularly on thyme and cinnamaldehyde volatile oils to asses its effects on poultry production parameters
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Allen, P. C., Danforth, H. D., Augustine, P. C.,1998. Diet modulation of avian coccidiosis. International J. for Parasitology, 28: 1131–1140.
- Aureli, P., Constantini, A., Zolea, S., 1992. Antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils against Listeria monocytogeneses. J. of Food Protection, 55: 344–348.
- Botts, C. W., Ferguson, L.C., Birkland, A. R., 1952. The influence of litter on the control of Salmonella infections in chicks. Am. J. Vet. Res., 13:562–565.
- Bozin, N., Mimica-Dukic, N. S., Anackov, G., 2006.Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. J. of Agric. and Food Chem., 54:1822–1828.
- Bullis, K. L., Snoeyenbos, G. H. Van Roekel, H., 1950. Akeratoconjunctivitis in chickens. Poult. Sci., 29:386–399.
- Chung, K.C., Goeptert, J.M., 1970.Growth of Salmonella at low pH. J. Food Sci., 35: 326-328..
- Delaquis, P.J., Stanich, K., Girard, B., Mazza, G., 2002.Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. International J. of Food Microbiol., 74: 101– 109.
- Demirözü,K., 1995. Tavukçuklukta temizlik ve dezenfeksiyon. VI. Hayvancılık ve Beslenme Sempozyumu ’95. Tavuk Yetiştiriciliği ve Hastalıkları, Konya, s: 325-333.
- Dorman, H.J.D., Deans,S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microb., 88: 308-316.
- Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T. ve Gürbüz, F., 1983. İstatistik Metodları I.,A.Ü. Zir. F.Yay.229
- Foster, J.W., 1995. The acid tolerance response of Salmonella thyhimurium. Crit. Rev.Microbiol., 21:215- 237.
- Gutierrez, J. Barry-Ryan, C., Bourke, P., 2008. The antimicrobial efficacy of plant essential oil combinations and interactions with food ingredients. Int. J. of Food Microbiol., 124: 91–97.
- Halle, I. R., Thomann, U., Bauermann, M. Henning., Köhler, P., 2004. Effects of a graded supplementation of herbs and essential oils in broiler feed on growth and carcass traits. Landbauforshung Volkenrode, 54:219-229.
- Hess, J. P., Blake, K. S., Macklin, R.A., Norton, Bilgili, S. F., 2007. Effective broiler litter management. Poultry Int.,46:18-21
- Horosova, K., Bujnakova D., Kmet, V., 2006. Effect of oregano essential oil on chicken Lactobacilli and E. Coli . Folia Microbiologica, 51: 278–280.
- Jerkovic, I., Mastelic, J., Milos, M., 2001. The impact of both the season of collection and drying on the volatile constituents of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum grown wild in Croatia. Int.J. of Food Science & Technology, 36: 649– 654.
- Juven, B.J., Kanner, J., Schved, F., Weisslowicz, H., 1994. Factors that interact with the antibacterial action of thyme essential oil and its active constituents. J. of Applied Bacteriology, 76: 626– 631.
- Karatzas, A.K., Bennik, M.H.J., Smid, E.J., Kets, E.P.W., 2000. Combined action of S-carvone and mild heat treatment on Listeria monocytogenes . J. of Applied Microbiol. , 89: 296– 301.
- Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Beynen, A.C., 2004. Essential oils in broiler nutrition, In. J. of Poult. Sci., 3: 738-752.
- Line, J.E., 2002. Campylobacter and Salmonella populations associated with chickens raised on acidifier litter. Poult. Sci., 81:1473-1477.
- Malone, G. W., Chaloupka, G. W. , Saylor,W. W.,1983. Influence of litter type and size on on broiler performance. 1.Factors affecting litter consumption. Poult. Sci., 62:1741–1746.
- Marcus, R., Varma, J.K., Medus, C., Boothe, E.J., Anderson, B.J., Crume, T., Fullerton, K.E., Moore, M.R., White, P.L., Lyszkowics, E., Voetsch, A.C., Angulo, F.J., 2007. Re-assessment of risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Enteridis infections: a case- control study in five foodnet sites, 2002-2003. Epidemiol. Infect., 135:84-92.
- Minitab., 1998. Minitab for Windows. Minitab Inc., USA.
- Mstat-C: 1989. A Microcomputer Program for the Design, Management, and Analysis of Agronomic Research Experiments. Michigan State University – USA.
- Özçelik, S., 1992. Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi Laboratuvar Kılavuzu. Fırat Üniv. Fen Edeb. Fak. Yay. No:1, Elazığ
- Ratledge, C., Wilkinson, S.G., 1988. An overview of microbial lipids. In: Ratledge, C.,Wilkinson, S.G. (Eds.), Microbial Lipids, vol. 1. Academic Press, London, 3– 22.
- Sarıca, M., Biçer, A., 2004. Etlik piliç üretiminde altlık olarak fındık zurufu ve talaşın farklı kalınlıklarda kullanılmasının verim ve altlık özelliklerine etkileri. Yüksek lisans Tezi. O.M. Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.
- TS 5925. 2009. Kanatlı Hayvanlar-Tavuk Kesim ve Karkas Hazırlama Kuralları www.tse.org.tr/TSEIntWeb/Standard/
- Ultee, A., Kets, E.P.W., Alberda, M., Hoekstra, F.A., Smid, E.J., 2000. Adaptation of the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus to carvacrol. Arch. of Microbiol., 174: 233– 238.
- Ultee, A., Bennink, M.H.J., Moezelaar, R., 2002. The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl. and Env. Microbiol., 68 (4): 1561–1568. PhD thesis, ISBN 90- 5808-219-9.
- Yıldırım, İ., Özcan, M., Yetişir, R.. 2003. The use of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L) essential oils as alternative hatching egg disinfectant versus Formaldahyde Fumigation in Quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) Egg. Revue Med. Vet., 154:367-370.
- Yousef, R.T., Tawil, G.G., 1980. Antimicrobial activity of volatile oils. Pharmazia, 35:698–701. Geliş tarihi: 15.12.2009 / Kabul tarihi: 22.06.2010
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA34ZU36CP |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011 |