Öz
In this study, investigation of penetration of some bacterial human pathogens through eggshells of embryonated and market eggs was aimed. In the study, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteriditis and Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chickens were used. Triplicate trials were performed with four groups of 80 eggs, one of which was the control group. Fresh cultures of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni strains were swabbed onto eggshells with sterile swabs. After that, the eggs were incubated at different storage conditions (15°C and 75% relative humidity for embryonated eggs and room conditions for market eggs) and inoculations from eggshells, albumen and egg yolk were performed on 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 days of the trial. Inoculations were made on blood and MacConkey agar for isolation of E. coli and C. jejuni isolations were made on modified Preston agar (CCDA). Salmonella enteritidis was isolated by selective enrichment method and also confirmed by PCR technique. By the help of the isolation studies performed on different days, E. coli and S. enteritidis strains could only be isolated at 3rd and 7th day after inoculations from eggshells, while no isolation of C. jejuni from any of the sites was observed. After the studies performed on days 14, 21, and 30, neither of the inoculated bacteria was isolated. The lack of isolation from albumen and egg yolk showed that these bacteria did not penetrate through the eggshell during the incubation period under the mentioned storage conditions
Anahtar Kelimeler
Campylobacter jejuni eggshell Escherichia coli penetration Salmonella enteritidis
Kaynakça
- Akan M, Diker, KS, Yıldırım M (1998): Kanatlı campylobacter infeksiyonlarının moleküler epidemiyoloji- si. TÜBİTAK VHAG-1234, Ankara.
- Allen KJ, Griffiths MW (2001): Use of luminescent Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33291 to assess eggshell colonisation and penetration in fresh and retail eggs. J Food Prot, 64,2058-2062
- Altay G, Yardımcı H (2001): Detection of antibodies against Salmonella enteritidis in chicken serum and egg yolk with ELISA. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 25, 983-988.
- Anon (1992): Yem maddeleri ve karma yemlerde salmonella aranması. Resmi Gazete Sayı: 21118, 21.01.1992, s:12-28
- Baumler AJ, Heffron F, Reissbrodt R (1997): Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica with primers spesific for iroB. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 1224-1230.
- Berrang ME, Frank JF, Buhr RJ, Bailey JS, Cox NA, Mauldin J (1998): Eggshell characteristics and penetration by salmonella through the productive life of a broiler breeder flock. Poult Sci, 77, 1446-1450.
- Bryan FL, Doyle MP (1995): Health risks and consequences of salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry. J Food Protect, 58, 326-344.
- Cogan TA, Domingue G, Lappin-Scott HM, Benson CE, Woodward MJ, Humphrey TJ (2001): Growth of Salmonella enteritidis in artificially contaminated eggs: the effects of inoculum size and suspending media. Int J Food Microbiol, 70, 131-141
- Di Modugno G, Laporta L, di Modugno D (2004): Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry eggshells and viability in experimentally contaminated eggs. XXII World’s Poultry Congress, 8-13 June, İstanbul, Turkey, p: 808
- Erol İ, Yurtyeri A, Hildebrandt G, Kleer J, Bilir Or- mancı FS, Koluman A (2004): Salmonella’ların piliç kar- kaslarından kültür tekniği ve immunomanyetik PCR ile karşılaştırmalı olarak saptanması. I. Ulusal Veteriner Gıda Hijyeni Kongresi, 29.09-01.10.2004, Ankara, Türkiye.
- Fotima TI (2001): Bacterial contamination of food eggs during infectious diseases. IX. European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, 9-12. September, Turkey. p:313-314
- İçgen B (2000): Characterization of Local Salmonella enteritidis Isolates of Chicken, Egg and Human Origin. Doktora Tezi, Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Biyoteknoloji Bölümü.
- Nascimento VP, Solomon SE (1991): The transfer of bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis) across the eggshell wall of eggs classified as poor quality. Anim Tech, 42, 157- 165.
- Neill SD, Campbell JN, O’Brien JJ (1985): Egg penetration by Campylobacter jejuni. Avian Pathol, 14, 313-320.
- Pardon MN (1990): Salmonella typhimurium penetration through the eggshell of hatching eggs. Avian Dis, 34, 463- 465.
- Quinn P, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR (1994): Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Wolfe Pub, Spain.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, yemeklik yumurta ve embriyolu yumurta kabuğundan insanlar için patojen olan bazı bakterilerin penetrasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Araştırmada, tavuklardan izole edilen Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis ve Campylobacter jejuni suşları kullanıldı. Denemeler, biri kontrol olmak üzere 80 yumurtadan oluşan 4 deneme grubunda 3 tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis ve Campylobacter jejuni suşlarının taze kültürleri, steril svaplarla yumurta kabuklarına sürüldü. Daha sonra yumurtalar farklı depolama koşullarında (kuluçkalık yumurtalar 15°C ve %75 rölatif nem ve yemeklik yumurtalar oda derecesinde) inkubasyona bırakıldı ve inkubasyonun 3., 7., 14., 21. ve 30. günlerinde yumurta kabuğundan, albuminden ve sarısından ekimler gerçekleştirildi. E. coli izolasyonu için ekimler kanlı agar ve MacConkey agara, C. jejuni için modifiye Preston (CCDA) agara yapıldı. Salmonella enteritidis izolasyonu için ise selektif zenginleştirme ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu metodu kullanıldı. Farklı günlerde yapılan izolasyon çalışmaları ile, E. coli, S. enteritidis suşlarının 3. ve 7. günde sadece yumurta kabuğundan yapılan ekimlerde izole edilebildiği, C.jejuni’nin ise izole edilemediği belirlendi. Denemenin 14., 21. ve 30. günlerinde yapılan ekimlerde ise kabuğa sürülen etkenlerin hiçbiri izole edilemedi. Yumurta akından ve sarısından hiçbir bakteri izolasyonu yapılamaması, test edilen etkenlerin bu depolama koşullarında yumurta kabuğundan penetre olmadığını gösterdi
Anahtar Kelimeler
Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli penetrasyon Salmonella enteritidis yumurta kabuğu
Kaynakça
- Akan M, Diker, KS, Yıldırım M (1998): Kanatlı campylobacter infeksiyonlarının moleküler epidemiyoloji- si. TÜBİTAK VHAG-1234, Ankara.
- Allen KJ, Griffiths MW (2001): Use of luminescent Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33291 to assess eggshell colonisation and penetration in fresh and retail eggs. J Food Prot, 64,2058-2062
- Altay G, Yardımcı H (2001): Detection of antibodies against Salmonella enteritidis in chicken serum and egg yolk with ELISA. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 25, 983-988.
- Anon (1992): Yem maddeleri ve karma yemlerde salmonella aranması. Resmi Gazete Sayı: 21118, 21.01.1992, s:12-28
- Baumler AJ, Heffron F, Reissbrodt R (1997): Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica with primers spesific for iroB. J Clin Microbiol, 35, 1224-1230.
- Berrang ME, Frank JF, Buhr RJ, Bailey JS, Cox NA, Mauldin J (1998): Eggshell characteristics and penetration by salmonella through the productive life of a broiler breeder flock. Poult Sci, 77, 1446-1450.
- Bryan FL, Doyle MP (1995): Health risks and consequences of salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry. J Food Protect, 58, 326-344.
- Cogan TA, Domingue G, Lappin-Scott HM, Benson CE, Woodward MJ, Humphrey TJ (2001): Growth of Salmonella enteritidis in artificially contaminated eggs: the effects of inoculum size and suspending media. Int J Food Microbiol, 70, 131-141
- Di Modugno G, Laporta L, di Modugno D (2004): Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry eggshells and viability in experimentally contaminated eggs. XXII World’s Poultry Congress, 8-13 June, İstanbul, Turkey, p: 808
- Erol İ, Yurtyeri A, Hildebrandt G, Kleer J, Bilir Or- mancı FS, Koluman A (2004): Salmonella’ların piliç kar- kaslarından kültür tekniği ve immunomanyetik PCR ile karşılaştırmalı olarak saptanması. I. Ulusal Veteriner Gıda Hijyeni Kongresi, 29.09-01.10.2004, Ankara, Türkiye.
- Fotima TI (2001): Bacterial contamination of food eggs during infectious diseases. IX. European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, 9-12. September, Turkey. p:313-314
- İçgen B (2000): Characterization of Local Salmonella enteritidis Isolates of Chicken, Egg and Human Origin. Doktora Tezi, Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Biyoteknoloji Bölümü.
- Nascimento VP, Solomon SE (1991): The transfer of bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis) across the eggshell wall of eggs classified as poor quality. Anim Tech, 42, 157- 165.
- Neill SD, Campbell JN, O’Brien JJ (1985): Egg penetration by Campylobacter jejuni. Avian Pathol, 14, 313-320.
- Pardon MN (1990): Salmonella typhimurium penetration through the eggshell of hatching eggs. Avian Dis, 34, 463- 465.
- Quinn P, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR (1994): Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Wolfe Pub, Spain.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2007 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2007 |