Editöre Mektup
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1, 21 - 28, 01.03.2018
Öz
Çevresel östrojenlerden biri olan bisfenol A (BPA) nın memelilerde ve kuşlarda erkek genital sistemi üzerine olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Tavuk ve bıldırcınlarda in ovo olarak uygulanan yüksek dozda BPA nın sol gonadın ovotestise dönüşmesine sebep olduğu bildirilmiştir. Ancak, in ovo uygulanan BPA nın testiste morfometrik etkileri üzerine bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı in ovo uygulanan düşük ve yüksek dozdaki BPA nın çıkım yapan civcivlerin testislerinde morfometrik etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada ayrıca karşılaştırma amacıyla iyi bilinen sentetik östrogen dietilstilbestrol (DES) de kullanılmıştır. Enjeksiyonlar (enjeksiyon hacmi 100 µl/yumurta) tavuk yumurtalarına gonadların farklılaşmaya başlamasından önce, kuluçkanın dördüncü gününde uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan dozlar 67 (düşük doz BPA) ve 134 (yüksek doz BPA) µg BPA/gr yumurta, 0.02 (düşük doz DES) ve 0.2 (yüksek doz DES) µg DES/gr yumurtadır. Sertoli ve germ hücresi sayıları stereolojik yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızın sonuçları düşük dozda uygulanan BPA nın olumsuz etki oluşturmadığını, tam tersine memelilerdekine benzer bir şekilde kanatlılarda germ hücresi proliferasyonunu arttırdığını göstermiştir. Ancak doz arttığında seminifer tubullerde olumsuz etkilerin açığa çıktığı belirlenmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akingbemi BT, Sottas CM, Koulova AI, et al. (2004): Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis by the xenoestrogen bisphenol A is associated with reduced pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion and decreased steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology, 145, 592-603.
- Aktaş A, Ulkay MB, Bozkurt HH (2008): The effects of genistein on the cockerel testis during embryonic development. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 14, 157-160.
- Andersen HR, Andersson AM, Arnold SF, et al. (1999): Comparison of short-term estrogenicity tests for identification of hormone-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspect, 107, 89-108.
- Atanassova N, Mckinnell C, Turner KJ, et al. (2000): Comparative effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent spermatogenesis at puberty and the relationship to adult testis size and fertility: Evidence for stimulatory effects of low estrogen levels. Endocrinology, 141, 3898-3907.
- Berg C, Halldin K, Brunstrom B. (2001): Effects of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A on sex organ development in quail and chicken embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem, 20, 2836-2840.
- Berg C, Halldin K, Fridolfsson A, et al. (1999): The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: Effects of diethylstilbestrol and ethynylestradiol on sex organ development. Sci Total Environ, 233, 57-66.
- Bozkurt HH, Aktas A, Ulkay MB, et al. (2007): Sertoli cell proliferation during the post hatching period in domestic fowl. J Vet Sci, 8, 219-222.
- Brotons JA, Olea-Serrano MF, Villalobos M, et al. (1995): Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coatings in food cans. Environ Health Perspect, 103, 608-612. 9. Bruggeman V, As PV, Developmental endocrinology of the reproductive axis in the chicken embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 131, 839-846. Decuypere E (2002):
- Gupta C (2000): Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 224, 61-68.
- HalldinK, AxelssonJ, BrunstromB (2005): Effects of endocrine modulators on sexual differentiation and reproductive function in male Japanese quail. Brain Res Bull, 65, 211-218.
- Halldin K, Berg C, Bergman A, et al. (2001): Distribution of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A in quail eggs, embryos and laying birds and studies on reproduction variables in adults following in ovo exposure. Arch Toxicol, 75, 597-603.
- Kirby JD, Froman DP. (1999): Reproduction in male birds. In, Whittow GC(Ed): Sturkie's Avian Physiology. 5th ed. pp. 597-615, Academic Press, New York.
- Krishnan AV, Stathis P, Permuth SF, et al. (1993): Bisphenol-A: An estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology, 132, 2279-2286.
- Lintelmann J, Katayama A, Kurihara N, et al. (2003): Endocrine disruptors in the environment (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl Chem, 75, 631-681.
- Markey CM, Rubin BS, Soto AM, et al. (2003): Endocrine disruptors: From Wingspread to environmental developmental biology. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 83, 235-244.
- Mori H, Christensen AK (1980): Morphometric analysis of Leydig cells in the normal rat testis. J Cell Biol, 84, 340- 354.
- Nakabayashi O, Kikuchi H, Kikuchi T, et al. (1998): Differential expression of genes for aromatase and estrogen receptor during the gonadal development in chicken embryos. J Mol Endocrinol, 20, 193-202.
- Sakaue M, Ohsako S, Ishimura R, et al. (2001): Bisphenol-A affects spermatogenesis in the mature rat even at a low dose. J Occup Health, 43, 185-190.
- Scheib D, Guichard A, Mignot TM, et al. (1981): Steroidogenesis diethylstilbestrol-treated quail embryos: Radioimmunoassays on organ cultures. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 43, 519-526.
- Sharpe RM, Mckinnell C, Kivlin C, et al. (2003): Proliferation and functional maturation of Sertoli cells, and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood. Reproduction, 125, 769-784.
- Sharpe RM, Walker M, Millar MR, et al. (2000): Effect of neonatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist administration on Sertoli cell number and testicular development in the marmoset: Comparison with the rat. Biol Reprod, 62, 1685-1693.
- Smith CA, Sinclair AH (2004): Sex determination: Insights from the chicken. BioEssays, 26, 120-132.
- Stevens L (1997): Sex chromosomes and sex determining mechanisms in birds. Sci Prog, 80, 197-216.
- Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, et al. (2009): Bisphenol-A and the great divide: A review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. Endocr Rev, 30, 75-95.
- Vos JG, Dybing E, Greim HA, et al. (2000): Health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on wildlife, with special reference to the European situation. Crit Rev Toxicol, 30, 71-133.
- Wistuba J, Brinkworth MH, Schlatt S, et al. (2003): Intrauterine bisphenol A exposure leads to stimulatory effects on Sertoli cell number in rats. Environ Res, 91, 95- 103.
- Wreford NG (1995): Theory and practice of stereological techniques applied to the estimation of cell number and nuclear volume in the testis. Microsc Res Tech, 32, 423- 436.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1, 21 - 28, 01.03.2018
Öz
Bisphenol-A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, has adverse effects on the male reproductive tract in mammals and birds. In ovo administration of BPA at high doses have been reported to cause the left gonad to form an ovotestis in fowl and quail. However, there are no studies on morphometric effects of in ovo administration of BPA on testis. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the morphometric effects of in ovo administration of low and high doses of BPA on hatched testis. For comparative purposes, well characterized synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) was also examined. Chicken eggs were treated (injection volume 100 µl/egg) on day 4 of incubation before the gonads start to differentiate. Doses were 67 (low BPA group) and 134 (high BPA group) µg BPA/g egg, and 0.02 (low DES group) and 0.2 (high DES group) µg DES/g egg. Sertoli cell and germ cell numbers were determined by stereological methods. Our results indicated that low doses of BPA had no negative effects, on the contrary it was at least increased germ cells proliferation in avian similar to mammals counterpart. However, as doses were titrated upwards, negative effects emerged on seminiferous tubules of testis
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akingbemi BT, Sottas CM, Koulova AI, et al. (2004): Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis by the xenoestrogen bisphenol A is associated with reduced pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion and decreased steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology, 145, 592-603.
- Aktaş A, Ulkay MB, Bozkurt HH (2008): The effects of genistein on the cockerel testis during embryonic development. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 14, 157-160.
- Andersen HR, Andersson AM, Arnold SF, et al. (1999): Comparison of short-term estrogenicity tests for identification of hormone-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspect, 107, 89-108.
- Atanassova N, Mckinnell C, Turner KJ, et al. (2000): Comparative effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent spermatogenesis at puberty and the relationship to adult testis size and fertility: Evidence for stimulatory effects of low estrogen levels. Endocrinology, 141, 3898-3907.
- Berg C, Halldin K, Brunstrom B. (2001): Effects of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A on sex organ development in quail and chicken embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem, 20, 2836-2840.
- Berg C, Halldin K, Fridolfsson A, et al. (1999): The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: Effects of diethylstilbestrol and ethynylestradiol on sex organ development. Sci Total Environ, 233, 57-66.
- Bozkurt HH, Aktas A, Ulkay MB, et al. (2007): Sertoli cell proliferation during the post hatching period in domestic fowl. J Vet Sci, 8, 219-222.
- Brotons JA, Olea-Serrano MF, Villalobos M, et al. (1995): Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coatings in food cans. Environ Health Perspect, 103, 608-612. 9. Bruggeman V, As PV, Developmental endocrinology of the reproductive axis in the chicken embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 131, 839-846. Decuypere E (2002):
- Gupta C (2000): Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 224, 61-68.
- HalldinK, AxelssonJ, BrunstromB (2005): Effects of endocrine modulators on sexual differentiation and reproductive function in male Japanese quail. Brain Res Bull, 65, 211-218.
- Halldin K, Berg C, Bergman A, et al. (2001): Distribution of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A in quail eggs, embryos and laying birds and studies on reproduction variables in adults following in ovo exposure. Arch Toxicol, 75, 597-603.
- Kirby JD, Froman DP. (1999): Reproduction in male birds. In, Whittow GC(Ed): Sturkie's Avian Physiology. 5th ed. pp. 597-615, Academic Press, New York.
- Krishnan AV, Stathis P, Permuth SF, et al. (1993): Bisphenol-A: An estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology, 132, 2279-2286.
- Lintelmann J, Katayama A, Kurihara N, et al. (2003): Endocrine disruptors in the environment (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl Chem, 75, 631-681.
- Markey CM, Rubin BS, Soto AM, et al. (2003): Endocrine disruptors: From Wingspread to environmental developmental biology. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 83, 235-244.
- Mori H, Christensen AK (1980): Morphometric analysis of Leydig cells in the normal rat testis. J Cell Biol, 84, 340- 354.
- Nakabayashi O, Kikuchi H, Kikuchi T, et al. (1998): Differential expression of genes for aromatase and estrogen receptor during the gonadal development in chicken embryos. J Mol Endocrinol, 20, 193-202.
- Sakaue M, Ohsako S, Ishimura R, et al. (2001): Bisphenol-A affects spermatogenesis in the mature rat even at a low dose. J Occup Health, 43, 185-190.
- Scheib D, Guichard A, Mignot TM, et al. (1981): Steroidogenesis diethylstilbestrol-treated quail embryos: Radioimmunoassays on organ cultures. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 43, 519-526.
- Sharpe RM, Mckinnell C, Kivlin C, et al. (2003): Proliferation and functional maturation of Sertoli cells, and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood. Reproduction, 125, 769-784.
- Sharpe RM, Walker M, Millar MR, et al. (2000): Effect of neonatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist administration on Sertoli cell number and testicular development in the marmoset: Comparison with the rat. Biol Reprod, 62, 1685-1693.
- Smith CA, Sinclair AH (2004): Sex determination: Insights from the chicken. BioEssays, 26, 120-132.
- Stevens L (1997): Sex chromosomes and sex determining mechanisms in birds. Sci Prog, 80, 197-216.
- Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, et al. (2009): Bisphenol-A and the great divide: A review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. Endocr Rev, 30, 75-95.
- Vos JG, Dybing E, Greim HA, et al. (2000): Health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on wildlife, with special reference to the European situation. Crit Rev Toxicol, 30, 71-133.
- Wistuba J, Brinkworth MH, Schlatt S, et al. (2003): Intrauterine bisphenol A exposure leads to stimulatory effects on Sertoli cell number in rats. Environ Res, 91, 95- 103.
- Wreford NG (1995): Theory and practice of stereological techniques applied to the estimation of cell number and nuclear volume in the testis. Microsc Res Tech, 32, 423- 436.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA56PT22EC |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1 |