Aflatoksin içeren yumurta tavuğu yemlerine sepiolit ve mannanoligosakkarit ilavesinin performans,yumurta kalitesi, kan ve sindirim özelliklerine etkileri
Öz
Bu araştırmada, ortalama 120 ppb toplam aflatoksin içeren yumurta tavuğu yemlerine sepiolit (% 1.5 ve 3) ve mannanoligosakkarit (MOS, % 0.1) ilavesi yapılmış, bu gruplar, kontrol (K) ve negatif kontrol (NK) grupları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneme tavuklar 26 haftalık yaşta iken başlamış ve 12 hafta devam etmiştir. 5 deneme grubunun her biri 6 tekerrürden ve her tekerrür de rastgele atılan 6 tavuktan oluşmuştur. Gruplar arasında yaşama gücü, canlı ağırlık değişimi, yumurta ağırlığı ve yem tüketimi gibi performans değerleri bakımından önemli farklılıklar gözlenmemiştir (P>0.05). NK grubu, kontrol grubuna göre yemi daha kötü değerlendirmiştir (P<0.05). Yeme % 1.5 düzeyinde sepiolit ilavesi yumurta verimi ve kütlesini NK ve MOS gruplarına göre önemli düzeyde artırmış, yem değerlendirmeyi iyileştirmiştir (P<0.05). Yumurta kalitesini belirleyen özelliklerden kırık-çatlak yumurta oranı, ak yüksekliği, haugh birimi, şekil indeksi, kabuk kalınlığı ve mukavemeti, yumurta sarısı RYCF, L, a ve b renk değerleri bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Hiçbir grubun yumurtasında aflatoksin tespit edilmemiştir. NK grubundaki tavukların dışkı pH’ının K ve % 3 sepiolit ilaveli gruplara göre yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Dışkı kuru madde oranı bakımından gruplar arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmemesine rağmen (P>0.05), NK grubunun diğer gruplardan daha düşük dışkı kuru maddesine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Yeme MOS ve sepiolit ilaveleri aflatoksinin sindirim derecesini % 612 oranında azaltmıştır. Sonuç olarak, aflatoksin içeren yumurta tavuğu yemlerine sepiolit ilavesinin tavukların performansı üzerine faydalı etkilerinin olabileceği söylenebilir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aflatoksin mannanoligosakkarit performans sepiolit yumurta tavuğu
Kaynakça
- AOAC (1990): Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed.), Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, D. C.
- AOAC International (2003): Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 17th edition, 2nd revision. Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Association of Analytical Communities.
- Cabuk M., Bozkurt M, Alcicek A, Catlı AU, Baser KHC (2006): Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season. South Afr Anim Sci, 36, 215-221.
- Dawson KA, Evans J, Kudupoje M (2001): Understanding the adsorption characteristics of yeast cell wall preparations associated with mycotoxin binding. In: Science and Technology in the Feed Industry, Lyons, T.P. and K.A. Jacques (Eds.). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, U.K., 169-181.
- Duncan DB (1955): Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests, Biometrics, 11, 1-42.
- Ergul M (2000): Feed harmful and effects. Proceedings of the International Animal Nutrition Congress, September 4- 6, Isparta, Turkey.
- Fernando AES (2004): La Sepiolite: A special clay in the field of food to animal,
- http://www.racve.es/actividades/zootecnia/2004-04-14 FernandoEscribanoSaez.htm
- Haugh RR (1937): The Haugh Unit for measuring egg quality. U. S. Egg Poultry Magazine, 43, 522-555, 572- 573.
- Huwig A, Freimund S, Kappeli O, Dutler H (2001): Mycotoxin detoxication of animal feed by different adsorbents. Toxicol Lett, 122, 179-188.
- Kara M, Sabah E, Yuzer H, Celik MS (1998): Sepiolite as an adsorbent for elimination of mine wastes. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production, May 18-20, Ankara, Turkey, 717- 721.
- Kubena LF, Harvey RB, Phillip TD, Clement BA (1993): Effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 72, 651-657.
- Maynard LA, Loosli, JK (1969): Animal Nutrition. 5th Edn., Mc Graw-Hill Co., New York, 533.
- NRC (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. NRC, Washington, D. C, USA
- Oguz H, Kurtoglu V (2000): Effect of clinoptilolite on fattening performance of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis. Br Poult Sci, 41, 512-517.
- Oguz H, Kurtoglu V, Ortatatli M (2001): Preventive efficiency of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Proceedings XV European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat, September 9- 12, Kusadasi-Turkey, 145-150.
- Ouhida I, Perez JF, Gasa J, Puchal F (2000a): Enzymes (β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase) and/or sepiolite supplementation and the nutritive value of maize-barley- whet based diets for broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci, 41: 617-624.
- Ouhida I, Perez J F, Piedrafita J, Gasal J (2000b): The effects of sepiolite in broiler chicken diets of high, medium and low viscosity. Productive performance and nutritive value. Anim Feed Sci Tech 85, 183-194.
- Rajua MVLN, Devegowda G (2000): Influence of esterified-glucomannan on performance and organ morphology, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to individual and combined mycotoxicosis (aflatoxin, ochratoxin and T-2 toxin). Br Poult Sci, 41, 640-650.
- Sabah E, Celik MS (1999): Sepiolite: Characteristics and using areas. Proceedings of the 3rd Industrial Ingredients Symposium, October 14-15, Izmir, Turkey.
- Taylor D (2000): Mycotoxin Binders: What they are and how they work. Proceedings of the 1st Annual OIL-DRI Animal Health Technical Symposium, August 25, Montreal, Canada.
- Tortuero F, Rioperez L, Martin L (1993): Effect of dietary sepiolite supplementation on the performance, egg composition and mineral metabolism in laying hens. Arch Zootec, 42, 347-360.
- Trevor KS, Macdonald EJ, Haladi S (2001): Current Concepts in Feed-Borne Mycotoxin and the Potential for Dietary Prevention of Mycotoxicoses. In: Science and Technology in the Feed Industry, Lyons, T.P. and K.A. Jacques (Eds.). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
- Vogt H (1984): Kraftfutter 68; 327-328. In; Close S W, Menke K H (1986): Selected Topics in Animal Nutrition. 170+A 85. Wielinger Straβe 52, D-8133, feldafins. Geliş tarihi: 20.12.2012 / Kabul tarihi: 10.10.2013 Address for correspondence: Cengizhan MIZRAK Poultry Research Station, Ankara, Turkey e-mail: cengizhanmizrak@hotmail.com
Effects of dietary sepiolite and mannanoligosaccharide supplementation on the performance, egg quality, blood and digestion characteristics of laying hens receiving aflatoxin in their feed
Öz
In this experiment, sepiolite (% 1.5 and % 3) and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS, % 0.1) were fed to layers each receiving 120 ppb aflatoxin, and were compared to control (K) and negative control (NK) groups. The experiment began at 26 wk of hen age and continued for 12 wk. Each of the five dietary treatments was randomly assigned to six replicates each included six hens. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in livability, live weight change, egg weight and feed intake between the groups. NK had worse feed conversion ratio than control (P<0.05). The addition of % 1.5 sepiolite resulted in an increase in egg production and egg mass in comparison to NK and MOS groups, and in an increase in feed efficiency (P<0.05). There were no differences between the groups in parameters characterizing egg quality, namely, in the ratio of cracked-broken eggs, albumen height, haugh unit, shape index, shell thickness, and shell resistance, moreover, in the colour (RYCF), shine (L) and yellowness (b) of egg yolk (P>0.05). Aflatoxin was not detected in eggs obtained from any of the groups. The pH of faeces of hens in the NK group was higher than that of birds in the K and the 3 % sepiolite-treated groups (p<0.05). The proportion of dry matter of the feces was the lowest in the NK group, nevertheless, the difference between the groups was not significant (p>0.05). The addition of MOS and sepiolite to the feed reduced the degree of digestion of aflatoxin by % 6-12. As a result, sepiolite supplementation to laying hen diets containing aflatoxins can be concluded that had the beneficial effects on hen performance
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aflatoxin mannanoligosaccharide performance sepiolite laying hen
Kaynakça
- AOAC (1990): Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed.), Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, D. C.
- AOAC International (2003): Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 17th edition, 2nd revision. Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Association of Analytical Communities.
- Cabuk M., Bozkurt M, Alcicek A, Catlı AU, Baser KHC (2006): Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season. South Afr Anim Sci, 36, 215-221.
- Dawson KA, Evans J, Kudupoje M (2001): Understanding the adsorption characteristics of yeast cell wall preparations associated with mycotoxin binding. In: Science and Technology in the Feed Industry, Lyons, T.P. and K.A. Jacques (Eds.). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, U.K., 169-181.
- Duncan DB (1955): Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests, Biometrics, 11, 1-42.
- Ergul M (2000): Feed harmful and effects. Proceedings of the International Animal Nutrition Congress, September 4- 6, Isparta, Turkey.
- Fernando AES (2004): La Sepiolite: A special clay in the field of food to animal,
- http://www.racve.es/actividades/zootecnia/2004-04-14 FernandoEscribanoSaez.htm
- Haugh RR (1937): The Haugh Unit for measuring egg quality. U. S. Egg Poultry Magazine, 43, 522-555, 572- 573.
- Huwig A, Freimund S, Kappeli O, Dutler H (2001): Mycotoxin detoxication of animal feed by different adsorbents. Toxicol Lett, 122, 179-188.
- Kara M, Sabah E, Yuzer H, Celik MS (1998): Sepiolite as an adsorbent for elimination of mine wastes. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production, May 18-20, Ankara, Turkey, 717- 721.
- Kubena LF, Harvey RB, Phillip TD, Clement BA (1993): Effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 72, 651-657.
- Maynard LA, Loosli, JK (1969): Animal Nutrition. 5th Edn., Mc Graw-Hill Co., New York, 533.
- NRC (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. NRC, Washington, D. C, USA
- Oguz H, Kurtoglu V (2000): Effect of clinoptilolite on fattening performance of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis. Br Poult Sci, 41, 512-517.
- Oguz H, Kurtoglu V, Ortatatli M (2001): Preventive efficiency of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Proceedings XV European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat, September 9- 12, Kusadasi-Turkey, 145-150.
- Ouhida I, Perez JF, Gasa J, Puchal F (2000a): Enzymes (β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase) and/or sepiolite supplementation and the nutritive value of maize-barley- whet based diets for broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci, 41: 617-624.
- Ouhida I, Perez J F, Piedrafita J, Gasal J (2000b): The effects of sepiolite in broiler chicken diets of high, medium and low viscosity. Productive performance and nutritive value. Anim Feed Sci Tech 85, 183-194.
- Rajua MVLN, Devegowda G (2000): Influence of esterified-glucomannan on performance and organ morphology, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to individual and combined mycotoxicosis (aflatoxin, ochratoxin and T-2 toxin). Br Poult Sci, 41, 640-650.
- Sabah E, Celik MS (1999): Sepiolite: Characteristics and using areas. Proceedings of the 3rd Industrial Ingredients Symposium, October 14-15, Izmir, Turkey.
- Taylor D (2000): Mycotoxin Binders: What they are and how they work. Proceedings of the 1st Annual OIL-DRI Animal Health Technical Symposium, August 25, Montreal, Canada.
- Tortuero F, Rioperez L, Martin L (1993): Effect of dietary sepiolite supplementation on the performance, egg composition and mineral metabolism in laying hens. Arch Zootec, 42, 347-360.
- Trevor KS, Macdonald EJ, Haladi S (2001): Current Concepts in Feed-Borne Mycotoxin and the Potential for Dietary Prevention of Mycotoxicoses. In: Science and Technology in the Feed Industry, Lyons, T.P. and K.A. Jacques (Eds.). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
- Vogt H (1984): Kraftfutter 68; 327-328. In; Close S W, Menke K H (1986): Selected Topics in Animal Nutrition. 170+A 85. Wielinger Straβe 52, D-8133, feldafins. Geliş tarihi: 20.12.2012 / Kabul tarihi: 10.10.2013 Address for correspondence: Cengizhan MIZRAK Poultry Research Station, Ankara, Turkey e-mail: cengizhanmizrak@hotmail.com
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA46SZ26CT |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1 |