Öz
The aim of this study was to determine susceptibility patterns of S. aureus strains (46 were isolated from bovine milk samples with mastitis, 35 from bovine teat skins, 3 from bovine noses, 3 from caretaker hands and 3 from caretaker noses) to various antibiotics by E-tets and was to define genotypic characteristics of these isolates by plasmid and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses. According to E-test results, the percentages of S. aureus isolates resistant to penicilin G, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxacilline and enrofloxacin were found to be 85.4% (82), 39.6% (38), 5.2% (5), 3.1% (3) and 1.0% (1), respectively. Nine different types were determined in the plasmid analyses of the isolates. In 87 (90.6%) of the isolates, 10 different types of plasmids with the sizes between 1.8 -19 kb were determined while no plasmid was detected from the 9 (9.4%) of the isolates. Genetic relationships among S. aureus isolates were performed using PFGE method and 42 distinct PFGE patterns were identified. Strains were assigned as 13 major lineage groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M) with respect to the genetic relationships. 58.3% (56 samples) of strains were clustered as pulsotype A. In conclusion, according to plasmid analysis and PFGE data, a clone of S. aureus was broadly detected in dairy farms in Kırıkkale province
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibiotic resistance MIC PFGE plasmid analyses Staphylococcus aureus
Kaynakça
- Annemüeller C, Lammler CH, Zschock M (1999): Genotyping of Staphylococus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 69, 217–224.
- Anonim (2006): xlstat statistic program (http://www.xlstat.com, Erişim Tarihi: 15.05. 2006)
- Arbeit RD (1999): Laboratory procedures for the epidemiyologic analysis of microorganisms. 116-137. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology PR Murray, EJ Baron, MA Pfaller, FC Tenover and RH Yolken (Ed),.7rd ed, ASM press, Washington USA.
- Arda M, İstanbulluoğlu E (1979): Mastitislere neden olan aerob, anaerob, mikoplazma ve mantarların izolasyonu, identifikasyonu, bunlara karşı etkili olan antibiyotik ve fungusitlerin saptanması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 26, 14–29.
- Aslantaş Ö, Öztürk F, Çelebi A, Açık L, Ergün Y (2006): Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from subclinic bovine mastitis by protein patterns, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 53, 47–51.
- Aydın F, Leloğlu N, Şahin M, Çolak A ve Otlu S (1995). Kars yöresi süt ineklerinde klinik ve subklinik mastitislere neden olan mikroorganizmarın identifikasyonları ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları üzerine çalışmalar. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26, 55–65.
- Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (2002): Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard- Second Edition. M31-A2 and M37- A2. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Pennsylvania, USA.
- Derbentli Ş (1996): Stafilokok ve enterokoklarda antibiyotik duyarlılık deneylerinin özellikleri. Ankem Derg, 10, 211–219.
- Foster T (2003): Staphylococcus. Erişim: (http://gsbs. utmb.edu/microbook/ch012, Erişim Tarihi: 26.04.2006)
- Hadimli HH, Ateş M, Güler L, Kav K, Öncel T (2001): Mastitisli süt ineklerinden izole edilen stafilokokların β- laktamaz aktiviteleri ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları Vet Bil Derg, 17, 21–25.
- Hennekinne JA, Kerouanton A, Brisabois A, De Buyser MI (2003): Discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus biotypes by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis of DNA macro-restriction fragments. J Appl Microbiol, 94, 321– 329.
- Ito T, Okuma K, Ma XX, Yuzawa H, Hiramatsu K (2003): Insights on antibiotic resistance of S. aureus from its whole genome: genomic island SCC. Drug Resist Opda, 6, 41–52.
- Kozarsky PE, Rimland D, Terry PM, Wachsmuth K (1986): Plasmid analysis of simultaneous nosocomial outbreaks of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Cont, 7, 577–581.
- Lange C, Cardoso M, Senczek D, Schwarz S (1999): Molecular subtyping of Staphylococcus aureus from cases of bovine mastitis in Brazil. Vet Microbiol, 67, 127–141.
- Lencastre H, Cauto I, Santos I, Melo-Crıstıno J, Torres-Pereira A, Tomasz A (1994): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in a Portuguese Hospital: characterization of clonal types by a combination of DNA typing methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 13, 64- 73.
- Leonard FC, Markey BK. (2007): Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals: A review. Vet J, doi: 10.1016/ j. tvjl. 2006.11.008.
- Lyon BR, Skurray R (1987): Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis. Microbiol Rev, 51, 88–134.
- Sancak B, Günalp A (2001): Metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus izolatların kantitatif antibiyogram ve plazmid profil analizi yöntemleri ile tiplendirilmesi Mikrobiyol Bült, 35,11-24.
- Soll DR, Lockhart SR, Pujol C (2003): Laboratory procedures for the epidemiological analysis of microorganism. 139–161. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology PR Murray, EJ Baron, JH Jorgensen, MA Pfaller, RH Yolken (ED). ASM press, Washington.
- Stephan R, Annemüeller C, Hassan AA, Lammler CH (2001): Characterization of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis in north-east Switzerland. Vet Microbiol, 78, 373–382.
- Şener K, Saraçlı MA, Açıkel CH, Doğancı I (2004): Nozokomiyal metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) izolatlarının serotiplendirilmesinde üç ayrı yöntemin incelenmesi. Mikrobiyol Bült, 38, 363–375.
- Uçan US, Aslan E (2002): İnek mastitisislerinden izole edilen koagulaz pozitif stafilokok suşlarının penisilin direnci ve bazı antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Vet Bil Derg, 18, 19-22.
- Ugur A, Ceylan Ö (2003): Occurrence of resistance to antibiotics, metals, in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus spp. Arch Medical Res, 34, 130–136.
- Vautor E, Abadie G, Guibert JM, Huard C, Pepin M (2003): Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sites on farms with dairy sheep using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Vet Microbiol, 96, 69–79.
- Vintov J, Aarestrup FM, Zinn CE and Olsen JE (2003). Association between phage types and antimicrobial resistance among bovine Staphylococcus aureus from 10 countries. Vet Microbiol, 95, 133–147.
- Zadoks RN, Leeuwen W, Kreft D, Barkema H, Sampion O, Verbrugh H, Schukken YH, Belkum A (2000): Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and binary tying as tools in veterinary clinical microbiology and molecular epidemiologic analysis of bovine and human Staphylococcus aureus isolated. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 1931–1939.
- Zadoks RN; Van Leeuwen WB, Kreft D, Fox LK, Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Belkum A. (2002): Comparison of isolates from bovine and human skin, milking equipment, and bovine milk by phage typing, pulsed- field gel electrophoresis, and binary typing. J Clin Microbiol, 40, 3894–3902. Geliş tarihi: 10.01.2008 / Kabul tarihi: 21.04.2008
İnsan ve sığır kökenli Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarının fenotipik ve genotipik özelliklerinin araştırılması
Öz
Bu çalışma, Staphylococcus aureus izolatlarının (46 mastitisli inek sütü, 35 inek meme başı derisi, 3 inek burun, 3 bakıcı el ve 9 bakıcı burun sürüntü örneğinden) E-test metoduyla çeşitli antibiyotiklere karşı duyarlılık profilleri ile plazmid ve Pulsed Field Gel Elektroforez (PFGE) analizleriyle genotipik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. E-test sonuçlarına göre, S. aureus izolatlarının penisilin G, tetrasiklin, eritromisin, oksasilin ve enrofloksasin dirençleri sırasıyla %85.4 (82), %39.6 (38), %5.2 (5), %3.1 (3) ve %1.0 (1) olarak belirlendi. Plazmid analizleri ile 9 farklı tipte plazmid profili belirlendi. Analizleri yapılan izolatların 87 (%90.6) tanesinde 1.8-19 kb arasında değişen büyüklükte on farklı plazmid belirlendi ve izolatların 9 tanesinde (%9.4) plazmid saptanamadı. PFGE tiplendirme verilerine göre S. aureus izolatları genetik yakınlık bakımından 42 farklı paterne ve 13 ana gruba (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M) ayrıldı. İzolatların % 58.3’ü (56 adet) A pulsotipinde gruplandırıldı. Sonuç olarak plazmid analizleri ve PFGE verilerine göre, Kırıkkale ve çevresindeki süt sığırcığı işletmelerinde mastitislerden sorumlu yaygın bir S. aureus klonunun var olduğu görüldü
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antibiyotik direnci MİK PFGE plazmid analizi Staphylococcus aureus
Kaynakça
- Annemüeller C, Lammler CH, Zschock M (1999): Genotyping of Staphylococus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol, 69, 217–224.
- Anonim (2006): xlstat statistic program (http://www.xlstat.com, Erişim Tarihi: 15.05. 2006)
- Arbeit RD (1999): Laboratory procedures for the epidemiyologic analysis of microorganisms. 116-137. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology PR Murray, EJ Baron, MA Pfaller, FC Tenover and RH Yolken (Ed),.7rd ed, ASM press, Washington USA.
- Arda M, İstanbulluoğlu E (1979): Mastitislere neden olan aerob, anaerob, mikoplazma ve mantarların izolasyonu, identifikasyonu, bunlara karşı etkili olan antibiyotik ve fungusitlerin saptanması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 26, 14–29.
- Aslantaş Ö, Öztürk F, Çelebi A, Açık L, Ergün Y (2006): Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from subclinic bovine mastitis by protein patterns, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 53, 47–51.
- Aydın F, Leloğlu N, Şahin M, Çolak A ve Otlu S (1995). Kars yöresi süt ineklerinde klinik ve subklinik mastitislere neden olan mikroorganizmarın identifikasyonları ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları üzerine çalışmalar. Pendik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 26, 55–65.
- Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (2002): Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard- Second Edition. M31-A2 and M37- A2. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Pennsylvania, USA.
- Derbentli Ş (1996): Stafilokok ve enterokoklarda antibiyotik duyarlılık deneylerinin özellikleri. Ankem Derg, 10, 211–219.
- Foster T (2003): Staphylococcus. Erişim: (http://gsbs. utmb.edu/microbook/ch012, Erişim Tarihi: 26.04.2006)
- Hadimli HH, Ateş M, Güler L, Kav K, Öncel T (2001): Mastitisli süt ineklerinden izole edilen stafilokokların β- laktamaz aktiviteleri ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları Vet Bil Derg, 17, 21–25.
- Hennekinne JA, Kerouanton A, Brisabois A, De Buyser MI (2003): Discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus biotypes by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis of DNA macro-restriction fragments. J Appl Microbiol, 94, 321– 329.
- Ito T, Okuma K, Ma XX, Yuzawa H, Hiramatsu K (2003): Insights on antibiotic resistance of S. aureus from its whole genome: genomic island SCC. Drug Resist Opda, 6, 41–52.
- Kozarsky PE, Rimland D, Terry PM, Wachsmuth K (1986): Plasmid analysis of simultaneous nosocomial outbreaks of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Cont, 7, 577–581.
- Lange C, Cardoso M, Senczek D, Schwarz S (1999): Molecular subtyping of Staphylococcus aureus from cases of bovine mastitis in Brazil. Vet Microbiol, 67, 127–141.
- Lencastre H, Cauto I, Santos I, Melo-Crıstıno J, Torres-Pereira A, Tomasz A (1994): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in a Portuguese Hospital: characterization of clonal types by a combination of DNA typing methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 13, 64- 73.
- Leonard FC, Markey BK. (2007): Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals: A review. Vet J, doi: 10.1016/ j. tvjl. 2006.11.008.
- Lyon BR, Skurray R (1987): Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis. Microbiol Rev, 51, 88–134.
- Sancak B, Günalp A (2001): Metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus izolatların kantitatif antibiyogram ve plazmid profil analizi yöntemleri ile tiplendirilmesi Mikrobiyol Bült, 35,11-24.
- Soll DR, Lockhart SR, Pujol C (2003): Laboratory procedures for the epidemiological analysis of microorganism. 139–161. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology PR Murray, EJ Baron, JH Jorgensen, MA Pfaller, RH Yolken (ED). ASM press, Washington.
- Stephan R, Annemüeller C, Hassan AA, Lammler CH (2001): Characterization of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis in north-east Switzerland. Vet Microbiol, 78, 373–382.
- Şener K, Saraçlı MA, Açıkel CH, Doğancı I (2004): Nozokomiyal metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) izolatlarının serotiplendirilmesinde üç ayrı yöntemin incelenmesi. Mikrobiyol Bült, 38, 363–375.
- Uçan US, Aslan E (2002): İnek mastitisislerinden izole edilen koagulaz pozitif stafilokok suşlarının penisilin direnci ve bazı antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları. Vet Bil Derg, 18, 19-22.
- Ugur A, Ceylan Ö (2003): Occurrence of resistance to antibiotics, metals, in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus spp. Arch Medical Res, 34, 130–136.
- Vautor E, Abadie G, Guibert JM, Huard C, Pepin M (2003): Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sites on farms with dairy sheep using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Vet Microbiol, 96, 69–79.
- Vintov J, Aarestrup FM, Zinn CE and Olsen JE (2003). Association between phage types and antimicrobial resistance among bovine Staphylococcus aureus from 10 countries. Vet Microbiol, 95, 133–147.
- Zadoks RN, Leeuwen W, Kreft D, Barkema H, Sampion O, Verbrugh H, Schukken YH, Belkum A (2000): Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and binary tying as tools in veterinary clinical microbiology and molecular epidemiologic analysis of bovine and human Staphylococcus aureus isolated. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 1931–1939.
- Zadoks RN; Van Leeuwen WB, Kreft D, Fox LK, Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Belkum A. (2002): Comparison of isolates from bovine and human skin, milking equipment, and bovine milk by phage typing, pulsed- field gel electrophoresis, and binary typing. J Clin Microbiol, 40, 3894–3902. Geliş tarihi: 10.01.2008 / Kabul tarihi: 21.04.2008
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA35HD48SS |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2009 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2009Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2 |