Letter to Editor
BibTex RIS Cite

Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi

Year 2009, , 131 - 135, 01.06.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye genelinde kamu ve özel sektöre ait hayvancılık işletmeleri ve yem fabrikalarında kullanılan karma yem ve yem hammaddelerinde okratoksin A (OA) kirliliği tespiti amacıyla 2001–2004 yıllar arasında yürütülmüştür. Okratoksin A analizlerinde ELISA (enzyme linked immunoassay) kit (Neogen, ABD) kullanılmıştır. Değişik bölgelerden toplanan 115 yem hammaddesi ve 84 karma yem analiz edilmiştir. Örneklerin 111 tanesinde (%55.78) (1.10-975.00 µg/kg) OA pozitif bulunmuştur. Hammaddelerde %47.82 (1.10-874.10 µg/kg), kanatlı karma yemlerinde %27.27 (4.90-24.30 µg/kg), ruminant karma yemlerinde ise %80.65 (1.10-975.00 µg/kg) düzeyinde OA kirliliği tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye genelinde toplanan yemlerde Marmara bölgesinde kirliliğin daha yoğun olduğu görülmüştür

References

  • Bauer J (2001): Yem Maddelerinde Mikotoksinler: Kanatlılardaki Önemi. Yem Katkıları Seminer Notları. TOPKİM A.Ş. Kızılcahamam/Ankara.
  • Breiholtz A, Olsen M, Hut K. (1991): Plasma Ochratoxin A levels in three Swedish population. Food Addit Contam, 8, 365 – 370.
  • Breitholz-Emanuelsson A, Olsen M, Oskarsson A, Palminger I, Hult K (1993): Ochratoxin in cow´s milk and in human milk with corresponding human blood samples. J AOAC Int, 76, 842–846.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 472/2002. (2002) Official Journal of the European Communities L 75, 18–20
  • Dwivedi P, Burns RB (1986): The natural occurence of ochratoxin A and its effects in poultry. A review. Part 1. Epidemiology and toxicity. World´s Poult Sci J, 42, 32–47.
  • Engel G (2000): Ochratoxin A in sweets, oil seeds and dairy products. Arch Lebensmıttelhyg, 51, 98–101.
  • Höhler D, Südekum K-H, Wolffram S, Frohlich AA, Marquardt RR (1999): Metabolism and excretion of ochratoxin A in sheep. J Anim Sci, 77, 1217–1223.
  • Jİrgensen K, Rasmussen G, Thorup I (1996): Ochratoxin A in Danish cereals 1986 – 1992 and daily intake by the Danish population. Food Addit Contam, 13, 95–104.
  • Kaya S, Şanlı Y, Yarsan E, Özsoy A, Akkaya R, Bilgili A (1996): Çok yönlü hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde karma yem ve yem hammaddedelerinden kaynaklanan olumsuzluk faktörlerinin araştırılması. Etlik Vet Mikrob Derg, 8, 59–80.
  • Kiessling KH, Petterson H, Sandholm K, Olsen M (1984): Metabolism of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearaleone and three tricothecenes by intact ruminal fluid, rumen protozoa and rumren bacteria. Appl Environ Microb, 47, 1070–1073.
  • Krogh P, Hald B, Pedersen EJ (1995): Occurance of ochratoxin A and citrinin in creals associated With mycotoxic porcine nephrophaty. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 81, 689 – 695.
  • Kuiper-Goodman T, Scott PM (1989): Risk assessment of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Biomed Environ Sci, 2, 179–248.
  • Kumagai S, Aibara K (1982): Intestinal absorption and secretion of ochratoxin A in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 64, 94–102.
  • Li S, Marquardt RR, Frohlich AA, Vitti TG, Crow G (1997): Pharmacokinetics of ochratoxin A and its metabolites in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 145, 82–90.
  • Madhyastha MS, Marquardt RR, Frohlich AA (1992): Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Arch Environ Con Tox, 23, 468–472.
  • Malaveille C, Bruhn G, Bartsch H (1991): Genotoxicity of ochratoxin A and structurally related compounds in E. coli strains studies on their mode of action. 261–266. In: M Castegnaro, R Plestina, G Dirheimer, IN Chernozemsky, H Bartsch (Ed), Mycotoxins: Endemic Nephropathy and Urinary Tract Tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Scient Public, No 115.
  • Marquardt RR, Frohlich AA (1992): A review of recent advances in understanding ochratoxicosis. J Anim Sci, 70, 3968–3988.
  • Müller G, Kielstein P, Rosner H, Berndt A, Heller M, Köhler H (1999): Studies of the influence of ochratoxin A on immune and defence reactions in weaners. Mycoses, 42, 495–505.
  • Noser JR, Wenk P, Sutter A (1996): Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone und Ochratoxin A in Weizen aus dem Kanton Basel- Landschaft. Arch Lebensmıttelhyg, 87, 574–586.
  • Özpınar H, Yıldız G, Kutay C, Abas I, Bilal T, Eseceli H, Drochner W (1999): Einfluss der verschiedenen Testsubstrate und Mikroorganismen im Pansensaft auf die Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit von Ochratoxin A. Proceedings 21. Mycotoxin Workshop, Jena., p:119-128.
  • Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Petkova-Bocharova T, Chernozemsky IN, Castegnaro M (2002): Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam, 19, 282–302.
  • Puntaric´ D, Bošnir J, Šmit Z, Škes I, Baklaic´ Z (2001): Ochratoxin A in corn and wheat: geographical association with endemic nephropathy.Croat Med J, 42, 175–180.
  • Richter W, Schuster M (2002): Mykotoxine in Futtergetreideproben aus landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben Bayerns. 24. Mykotoxin-Workshop, Berlin, Proceedings, Mycotoxin Research, 18A, 6–10.
  • Rolfs JP (2004): Einfluss der Dosierung von Ochratoxin A, der Rationszusammensetzung und des Fütterungsniveaus auf die Metabolisierung und Elimination von Ochratoxin A beim Schaf. Dissertation, Kiel.
  • Scudamore KA, Patel S, Breeze V (1999): Surveillance of stored grain from the harvest in the United Kingdom for ochratoxin A. Food Addit Contam, 16, 281–290.
  • Scudamore KA, Patel S (2000): Survey of aflatoxins. Ochratoxin A, zearalenone and fumonisins in maize imported into the United Kingdom. Food Addit Contam, 17, 407–416.
  • Seglar R (2001): Mycotoxin effects on dairy cattle. Erişim: http://www.uwex.edu/ces/forage/wfc/proceedings2001/dair y_mycotoxin.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 24.1.2004.
  • Sonal S, Oruç HH (2000): Bursa ve çevresindeki tavuk çiftliklerinde kullanılan yemlerde mikotoksin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 2, 1–6.
  • Sreemannarayana O, Frohlich AA, Vitti TG, Marquardt RR, Abramson D. (1988): Studies of the tolerance and disposition of ochratoxin A in young calves. J Anim Sci, 66, 1703-1711.
  • Thellmann A, Weber W (1997): Bestimmung von Ochratoxin A in Getreide, Malz und Bier nach Anreicherung und Separation an Immunoaffinitätssäulen und anschließender Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie mit Fluoreszenzdetektion. Dtsch Lebensm-Rundsch, 93, 1–3.
  • Trenk HL, Butz ME, Chu FS (1971): Production of ochratoxins in different cereal products by Aspergillus ochraceus. Appl Microbiol, 21, 1032–1035.
  • Vrabcheva T, Petkova-Bocharova T, Grosso F, Nikolov I, Chernozemsky IN, Castegnaro M, Dragacci S (2004): Analysis of ochratoxin A in foods consumed by inhabitants from an area with balkan endemic nephropathy: a 1 month follow-up study. J Agric Food Chem, 52, 2404–2410.
  • WHO Technical Report Series (1968): Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some flavouring substances and non-nutritive sweetening agents (Eleventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 44, 1968; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 383, 1968 (out of print).
  • Wolff J, Gareis M (2003): Ochratoxin A in Lebensmitteln und Belastung des Verbrauchers. http://www.verbraucherministerium.de/forschungsreport/re p2-99/ochra.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 7.5.2003 Geliş tarihi: 11.02.2008 / Kabul tarihi: 23.05.2008

Determination of the contamination of the ochratoxine A in feeds and feedstuffs into the differentanimal enterprise in Turkey

Year 2009, , 131 - 135, 01.06.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177

Abstract

This study was examined the ochratoxin A contamination in feeds and feedstuffs which are used in public and private farm and feed mill in Turkey between 2001-2004. For this purpose ELISA (enzyme linked immunoassay) kit (Neogen, USA) was used. 115 feedstuffs and 84 feeds which are collected from different regions of Turkey, were examined for ochratoxin A contamination and 111 of them (55.78%) (1.10-975.00 µg/kg) were given possitive results. The OA contamination was found as 47.82% (1.10-874.10 µg/kg) for feedstuffs samples, 27.27% (4.90-24.30 µg/kg) for poultry feed and 80.65% (1.10-975.00 µg/kg) for ruminant feeds. As a result, ochratoxin A contamination was more in feed from Marmara region within the feeds obtained from all region of Turkey

References

  • Bauer J (2001): Yem Maddelerinde Mikotoksinler: Kanatlılardaki Önemi. Yem Katkıları Seminer Notları. TOPKİM A.Ş. Kızılcahamam/Ankara.
  • Breiholtz A, Olsen M, Hut K. (1991): Plasma Ochratoxin A levels in three Swedish population. Food Addit Contam, 8, 365 – 370.
  • Breitholz-Emanuelsson A, Olsen M, Oskarsson A, Palminger I, Hult K (1993): Ochratoxin in cow´s milk and in human milk with corresponding human blood samples. J AOAC Int, 76, 842–846.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 472/2002. (2002) Official Journal of the European Communities L 75, 18–20
  • Dwivedi P, Burns RB (1986): The natural occurence of ochratoxin A and its effects in poultry. A review. Part 1. Epidemiology and toxicity. World´s Poult Sci J, 42, 32–47.
  • Engel G (2000): Ochratoxin A in sweets, oil seeds and dairy products. Arch Lebensmıttelhyg, 51, 98–101.
  • Höhler D, Südekum K-H, Wolffram S, Frohlich AA, Marquardt RR (1999): Metabolism and excretion of ochratoxin A in sheep. J Anim Sci, 77, 1217–1223.
  • Jİrgensen K, Rasmussen G, Thorup I (1996): Ochratoxin A in Danish cereals 1986 – 1992 and daily intake by the Danish population. Food Addit Contam, 13, 95–104.
  • Kaya S, Şanlı Y, Yarsan E, Özsoy A, Akkaya R, Bilgili A (1996): Çok yönlü hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde karma yem ve yem hammaddedelerinden kaynaklanan olumsuzluk faktörlerinin araştırılması. Etlik Vet Mikrob Derg, 8, 59–80.
  • Kiessling KH, Petterson H, Sandholm K, Olsen M (1984): Metabolism of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearaleone and three tricothecenes by intact ruminal fluid, rumen protozoa and rumren bacteria. Appl Environ Microb, 47, 1070–1073.
  • Krogh P, Hald B, Pedersen EJ (1995): Occurance of ochratoxin A and citrinin in creals associated With mycotoxic porcine nephrophaty. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 81, 689 – 695.
  • Kuiper-Goodman T, Scott PM (1989): Risk assessment of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Biomed Environ Sci, 2, 179–248.
  • Kumagai S, Aibara K (1982): Intestinal absorption and secretion of ochratoxin A in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 64, 94–102.
  • Li S, Marquardt RR, Frohlich AA, Vitti TG, Crow G (1997): Pharmacokinetics of ochratoxin A and its metabolites in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 145, 82–90.
  • Madhyastha MS, Marquardt RR, Frohlich AA (1992): Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Arch Environ Con Tox, 23, 468–472.
  • Malaveille C, Bruhn G, Bartsch H (1991): Genotoxicity of ochratoxin A and structurally related compounds in E. coli strains studies on their mode of action. 261–266. In: M Castegnaro, R Plestina, G Dirheimer, IN Chernozemsky, H Bartsch (Ed), Mycotoxins: Endemic Nephropathy and Urinary Tract Tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Scient Public, No 115.
  • Marquardt RR, Frohlich AA (1992): A review of recent advances in understanding ochratoxicosis. J Anim Sci, 70, 3968–3988.
  • Müller G, Kielstein P, Rosner H, Berndt A, Heller M, Köhler H (1999): Studies of the influence of ochratoxin A on immune and defence reactions in weaners. Mycoses, 42, 495–505.
  • Noser JR, Wenk P, Sutter A (1996): Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone und Ochratoxin A in Weizen aus dem Kanton Basel- Landschaft. Arch Lebensmıttelhyg, 87, 574–586.
  • Özpınar H, Yıldız G, Kutay C, Abas I, Bilal T, Eseceli H, Drochner W (1999): Einfluss der verschiedenen Testsubstrate und Mikroorganismen im Pansensaft auf die Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit von Ochratoxin A. Proceedings 21. Mycotoxin Workshop, Jena., p:119-128.
  • Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Petkova-Bocharova T, Chernozemsky IN, Castegnaro M (2002): Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam, 19, 282–302.
  • Puntaric´ D, Bošnir J, Šmit Z, Škes I, Baklaic´ Z (2001): Ochratoxin A in corn and wheat: geographical association with endemic nephropathy.Croat Med J, 42, 175–180.
  • Richter W, Schuster M (2002): Mykotoxine in Futtergetreideproben aus landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben Bayerns. 24. Mykotoxin-Workshop, Berlin, Proceedings, Mycotoxin Research, 18A, 6–10.
  • Rolfs JP (2004): Einfluss der Dosierung von Ochratoxin A, der Rationszusammensetzung und des Fütterungsniveaus auf die Metabolisierung und Elimination von Ochratoxin A beim Schaf. Dissertation, Kiel.
  • Scudamore KA, Patel S, Breeze V (1999): Surveillance of stored grain from the harvest in the United Kingdom for ochratoxin A. Food Addit Contam, 16, 281–290.
  • Scudamore KA, Patel S (2000): Survey of aflatoxins. Ochratoxin A, zearalenone and fumonisins in maize imported into the United Kingdom. Food Addit Contam, 17, 407–416.
  • Seglar R (2001): Mycotoxin effects on dairy cattle. Erişim: http://www.uwex.edu/ces/forage/wfc/proceedings2001/dair y_mycotoxin.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 24.1.2004.
  • Sonal S, Oruç HH (2000): Bursa ve çevresindeki tavuk çiftliklerinde kullanılan yemlerde mikotoksin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 2, 1–6.
  • Sreemannarayana O, Frohlich AA, Vitti TG, Marquardt RR, Abramson D. (1988): Studies of the tolerance and disposition of ochratoxin A in young calves. J Anim Sci, 66, 1703-1711.
  • Thellmann A, Weber W (1997): Bestimmung von Ochratoxin A in Getreide, Malz und Bier nach Anreicherung und Separation an Immunoaffinitätssäulen und anschließender Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie mit Fluoreszenzdetektion. Dtsch Lebensm-Rundsch, 93, 1–3.
  • Trenk HL, Butz ME, Chu FS (1971): Production of ochratoxins in different cereal products by Aspergillus ochraceus. Appl Microbiol, 21, 1032–1035.
  • Vrabcheva T, Petkova-Bocharova T, Grosso F, Nikolov I, Chernozemsky IN, Castegnaro M, Dragacci S (2004): Analysis of ochratoxin A in foods consumed by inhabitants from an area with balkan endemic nephropathy: a 1 month follow-up study. J Agric Food Chem, 52, 2404–2410.
  • WHO Technical Report Series (1968): Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some flavouring substances and non-nutritive sweetening agents (Eleventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 44, 1968; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 383, 1968 (out of print).
  • Wolff J, Gareis M (2003): Ochratoxin A in Lebensmitteln und Belastung des Verbrauchers. http://www.verbraucherministerium.de/forschungsreport/re p2-99/ochra.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 7.5.2003 Geliş tarihi: 11.02.2008 / Kabul tarihi: 23.05.2008
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Other ID JA42RN42AH
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gültekin Yıldız

Publication Date June 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009

Cite

APA Yıldız, G. (2009). Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(2), 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177
AMA Yıldız G. Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. June 2009;56(2):131-135. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177
Chicago Yıldız, Gültekin. “Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan Karma Yemlerin Ve Yem Hammaddelerinin Okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden Incelenmesi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 56, no. 2 (June 2009): 131-35. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177.
EndNote Yıldız G (June 1, 2009) Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 56 2 131–135.
IEEE G. Yıldız, “Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 131–135, 2009, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177.
ISNAD Yıldız, Gültekin. “Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan Karma Yemlerin Ve Yem Hammaddelerinin Okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden Incelenmesi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 56/2 (June 2009), 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177.
JAMA Yıldız G. Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2009;56:131–135.
MLA Yıldız, Gültekin. “Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan Karma Yemlerin Ve Yem Hammaddelerinin Okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden Incelenmesi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 56, no. 2, 2009, pp. 131-5, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002177.
Vancouver Yıldız G. Türkiye’de çeşitli hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan karma yemlerin ve yem hammaddelerinin okratoksin A kirliliği yönünden incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2009;56(2):131-5.