Yüksek kolesterollü diyetle beslenen ratlarda öğütülmüş Tribulus terrestris, Avena sativa ve beyazginseng tozunun total kolesterol, serbest testosteron düzeyleri ve testis dokusu üzerine etkileri
Abstract
Bu çalışma, öğütülmüş Tribulus terrestris (TT), Avena sativa (AS), beyaz ginseng (WG) ve üçlü kombinasyon (TC) tozlarının, yüksek kolesterollü diyetle beslenen ratlarda serum total kolesterol, serbest testosteron düzeyleri ve testis dokusunda histopatolojik değişiklikler gibi seksüel fonksiyon bozukluğu parametrelerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın hayvan materyali 6 gruba ayrılan, 200-210 g ağırlığında, 42 adet erkek Wistar albino rattan oluştu. Grup I normal pelet yemle beslendi, buna karşın kalan gruplar %2 kolesterol içeren pelet yemle beslendi. Group III, IV, V, ve VI ayrıca sırasıyla 0.6 g/kg/gün TT, 0.3 g/kg/gün AS, 0.2 g/kg/gün WG ve 0.55 g/kg/gün TC (%7.5 TT, %3.75 AS, %2.5 WG) aldı. Doksan gün sonra ratlara ötenazi uygulandı ve kan ve testis doku örnekleri alındı. Serum total kolesterol ve serbest testosteron düzeyleri ölçüldü ve Johnsen testis biyopsi skoru (JTBS), testis doku örneklerinin histopatolojik muayenesi ile hesaplandı. Grup II’de yüksek kolesterollü diyet Grup I’e kıyasla önemli düzeyde total kolesterol düzeyinde artışa ve JTBS’de azalmaya neden oldu. Grupların serbest testosteron düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak önemli olmamasına rağmen, WG ve TC total kolesterol artışını önemli düzeyde önledi. TC tek başına TT, AS ve WG’ye kıyasla JTBS’yi önemli düzeyde artırdı. Dolayısıyla erkek cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğunu iyileştirmek için TC’nin özellikle etkili olabileceği kanısına varıldı
Keywords
Avena sativa ginseng hiperkolesterolemi testosteron ve seksüel fonksiyon Tribulus terrestris
References
- Adaikan PG, Gauthaman K, Prasad RN (2001): History of herbal medicines with an insight on pharmacological properties of Tribulus terrestris. Ageing Male, 4, 163-169.
- Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK, et al. (2014): A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. Biomed Res Int, Article ID:868062.
- Chen X, Lee TJ (1995): Ginsenosides-induced nitric oxide- mediated relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum. Br J Pharmacol, 115, 15-18.
- Ganzera M, Bedir E, Khan IA (2001): Determination of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. J Pharm Sci, 90, 1752-1758.
- Gauthaman K, Ganesan AP (2008): The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction: An evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine, 15, 44-54.
- Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, et al. (2010): Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Eur Urol, 57, 804-814.
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; Government of India (2007): The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Volume I. http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf. (Available 7 March 2017).
- Johnsen SG (1970): Testicular biopsy score count−a method for registration of spermatogenesis in human testes: Normal values and results in 335 hypogonadal males. Hormones, 1, 2-25. S, 9. Khan Kabir H, Asif M, et al. (2011): Antihyperlipidemic potential of fruits of Tribulus terrestris linn. IJBR, 1, 98-101.
- Lee LS, Cho CW, Hong HD, et al. (2013): Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of phenolic compound-rich extracts from white ginseng (Panax ginseng) in cholesterol- fed rabbits. Molecules, 18, 12548-12560.
- Leung KW, Wong AST (2013): Ginseng and male reproductive function. Spermatogenesis, 3, e26391.
- Malviya N, Jain S, Gupta VB, et al. (2011): Recent studies on aphrodisiac herbs for the management of male sexual dysfunction-a review. Acta Pol Pharm, 68, 3-8.
- Nocerino E, Amato M, Izzou A (2000): The aphrodisiac and adaptogenic properties of ginseng. Fitoterapia, 71, 1- 5.
- Ploumidou K, Kyroudi-Voulgari A, Perea D, et al. (2010): Effect of a hypercholesterolemic diet on serum lipid profile, plasma sex steroid levels, and prostate structure in rats. Urology, 76, 1517.e1-1517.e5.
- Rahman NU, Phonsombat S, Bochinski D, et al. (2007): An animal model to study lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction: The hyperlipidemic rat. BJU Int, 100, 658-663.
- Rasane P, Jha A, Sabikhi L, et al. (2015): Nutritional advantages of oats and opportunities for its processing as value added foods-a review. J Food Sci Technol, 52, 662- 675.
- Roaiah MF, El Khayat YI, Gamal El Din SF, et al. (2016): Pilot study on the effect of botanical medicine (Tribulus terrestris) on serum testosterone level and erectile function in aging males with partial androgen deficiency (PADAM). J Sex Marital Ther 42, 297-301.
- Roaiah MF, El Khayat YI, Saleh SFGED, et al. (2017): Prospective analysis on the effect of botanical medicine (Tribulus terrestris) on serum testosterone level and semen parameters in males with unexplained infertility. J Diet Suppl, 14, 25-31.
- Saba E, Jeon BR, Jeong DH, et al. (2016): Black ginseng extract ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Ginseng Res, 40, 160-168.
- Salgado RM, Marques-Siva MH, Gonçalves E, et al. (2016): Effect of oral administration of Tribulus terrestris extract on semen quality and body fat index of infertile men. Andrologia, 1-6. Doi: 10.1111/and.12655.
- Salvati G, Genovesi G, Marcellini L, et al. (1996): Effects of Panax Ginseng CA Meyer saponins on male fertility. Panminerva Med, 38, 249-254.
- Singh R, De S, Belkheir A (2013): Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: An overwiew. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 53, 126-144.
- Tong LT, Guo L, Zhou X, et al. (2016): Effects of dietary oat hypercholesterolaemic hamsters. J Sci Food Agric, 96, 1396-1401. metabolism of
- Yun SJ, Bae GS, Park JH, et al. (2016): Antioxidant effects of cultured wild ginseng root extracts on the male reproductive function of boars and guinea pigs. Anim Reprod Sci, 170, 51-60. Geliş tarihi: 13.04.2017 / Kabul tarihi: 06.06.2017 Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr. Ali BİLGİLİ Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. e-mail: abilgili61@gmail.com
The effects of milled Tribulus terrestris, Avena sativa, and white ginseng powder on total cholesterol, free testosterone levels and testicular tissue in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
Abstract
This study examines the effects of milled Tribulus terrestris (TT), Avena sativa (AS), white ginseng (WG) and triple-combination (TC) powders on sexual dysfunction parameters ‒ such as serum total cholesterol, free testosterone levels and histopathological changes in testicular tissue ‒ in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The study’s animal material consisted of 42 male Wistar albino rats weighing 200‒210 g divided into six groups. Group I was fed normal pellet feed, while the remaining groups were fed pellet feed containing 2% cholesterol. Group III, IV, V, and VI also received 0.6 g/kg/day of TT, 0.3 g/kg/day of AS, 0.2 g/kg/day of WG and 0.55 g/kg/day of TC (7.5% TT, 3.75% AS, 2.5% WG), respectively. After 90 days, the rats were sacrificed and blood and testicular tissue samples obtained. Serum total cholesterol and free testosterone levels were measured, and the Johnsen testicular biopsy score (JTBS) was calculated by a histopathological examination of testicular tissue samples. The high-cholesterol diet in Group II significantly caused increase in total cholesterol level and decrease in JTBS as compared to Group I. Although the groups’ free testosterone levels were not statistically significant, WG and TC significantly prevented total cholesterol increase. TC significantly increased the JTBS compared to TT, AS and WG alone. Thus, it was concluded that TC might be particularly efficient for improving male sexual dysfunction
Keywords
Avena sativa ginseng hypercholesterolemia testosterone and sexual function Tribulus terrestris
References
- Adaikan PG, Gauthaman K, Prasad RN (2001): History of herbal medicines with an insight on pharmacological properties of Tribulus terrestris. Ageing Male, 4, 163-169.
- Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK, et al. (2014): A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. Biomed Res Int, Article ID:868062.
- Chen X, Lee TJ (1995): Ginsenosides-induced nitric oxide- mediated relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum. Br J Pharmacol, 115, 15-18.
- Ganzera M, Bedir E, Khan IA (2001): Determination of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. J Pharm Sci, 90, 1752-1758.
- Gauthaman K, Ganesan AP (2008): The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction: An evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine, 15, 44-54.
- Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, et al. (2010): Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Eur Urol, 57, 804-814.
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; Government of India (2007): The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Volume I. http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-1.pdf. (Available 7 March 2017).
- Johnsen SG (1970): Testicular biopsy score count−a method for registration of spermatogenesis in human testes: Normal values and results in 335 hypogonadal males. Hormones, 1, 2-25. S, 9. Khan Kabir H, Asif M, et al. (2011): Antihyperlipidemic potential of fruits of Tribulus terrestris linn. IJBR, 1, 98-101.
- Lee LS, Cho CW, Hong HD, et al. (2013): Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of phenolic compound-rich extracts from white ginseng (Panax ginseng) in cholesterol- fed rabbits. Molecules, 18, 12548-12560.
- Leung KW, Wong AST (2013): Ginseng and male reproductive function. Spermatogenesis, 3, e26391.
- Malviya N, Jain S, Gupta VB, et al. (2011): Recent studies on aphrodisiac herbs for the management of male sexual dysfunction-a review. Acta Pol Pharm, 68, 3-8.
- Nocerino E, Amato M, Izzou A (2000): The aphrodisiac and adaptogenic properties of ginseng. Fitoterapia, 71, 1- 5.
- Ploumidou K, Kyroudi-Voulgari A, Perea D, et al. (2010): Effect of a hypercholesterolemic diet on serum lipid profile, plasma sex steroid levels, and prostate structure in rats. Urology, 76, 1517.e1-1517.e5.
- Rahman NU, Phonsombat S, Bochinski D, et al. (2007): An animal model to study lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction: The hyperlipidemic rat. BJU Int, 100, 658-663.
- Rasane P, Jha A, Sabikhi L, et al. (2015): Nutritional advantages of oats and opportunities for its processing as value added foods-a review. J Food Sci Technol, 52, 662- 675.
- Roaiah MF, El Khayat YI, Gamal El Din SF, et al. (2016): Pilot study on the effect of botanical medicine (Tribulus terrestris) on serum testosterone level and erectile function in aging males with partial androgen deficiency (PADAM). J Sex Marital Ther 42, 297-301.
- Roaiah MF, El Khayat YI, Saleh SFGED, et al. (2017): Prospective analysis on the effect of botanical medicine (Tribulus terrestris) on serum testosterone level and semen parameters in males with unexplained infertility. J Diet Suppl, 14, 25-31.
- Saba E, Jeon BR, Jeong DH, et al. (2016): Black ginseng extract ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Ginseng Res, 40, 160-168.
- Salgado RM, Marques-Siva MH, Gonçalves E, et al. (2016): Effect of oral administration of Tribulus terrestris extract on semen quality and body fat index of infertile men. Andrologia, 1-6. Doi: 10.1111/and.12655.
- Salvati G, Genovesi G, Marcellini L, et al. (1996): Effects of Panax Ginseng CA Meyer saponins on male fertility. Panminerva Med, 38, 249-254.
- Singh R, De S, Belkheir A (2013): Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: An overwiew. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 53, 126-144.
- Tong LT, Guo L, Zhou X, et al. (2016): Effects of dietary oat hypercholesterolaemic hamsters. J Sci Food Agric, 96, 1396-1401. metabolism of
- Yun SJ, Bae GS, Park JH, et al. (2016): Antioxidant effects of cultured wild ginseng root extracts on the male reproductive function of boars and guinea pigs. Anim Reprod Sci, 170, 51-60. Geliş tarihi: 13.04.2017 / Kabul tarihi: 06.06.2017 Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr. Ali BİLGİLİ Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. e-mail: abilgili61@gmail.com
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA96NR96GV |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Volume: 65 Issue: 3 |