Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate lower urinary tract diseases of cats with plain radiography, ultrasonography and contrast cystography retrospectively and assess the most appropriate imaging method for each disease. In the study, 134 cats with different age, sex and breed were presented with one or more clinical signs of lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD). All cats were evaluated by radiography and ultrasonography, and contrast radiography had been performed on cats, in which plain radiography and ultrasonography were inadequate for diagnosing LUTD. LUTD included cystitis (n=20), urinary crystals (n=35), urinary crystals with cystitis (n=51), bladder calculi (n=6), bladder polyps (n=8), blood clots (n=9), bladder rupture (n=1) and idiopathic obstructions (n=4). The present study confirms that ultrasonography is an efficient imaging method for examination of lower urinary tract, but radiography and contrast cystography are still useful for diagnosing calculi, bladder ruptures, suspected urethral obstructions, and chronic cystitis which can not be evaluated by ultrasonography
References
- Buffington CAT, Westropp JL, Chew DJ, et al. (2006): Risk factors associated with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in indoor-housed cats. JAVMA, 228, 722-725.
- Burk RL, Feeney DA (2003): The abdomen. In: Burk RL, Feeney DA (Eds), Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasonography, A Diagnostic Atlas and Text. 1st edition, 249-476, Saunders, USA.
- Farrow CS (2003): Kidney, ureteral bladder, prostatic and urethral disease. In: Farrow CS (ed), Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging: The Dog and Cat. Mosby Inc, Philadelphia.
- Gerber B, Boretti FS, Kley S, et al. (2005): Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in European cats. J Small Anim Pract, 46, 571-577.
- Gunn-Moore DA (2003): Feline lower urinary tract disease. J Feline Med Surg, 5, 133-138.
- Hostutler RA, Chew DJ, Dibartola SP (2005): Recent concepts in feline lower urinary tract disease. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract, 35, 147-170.
- Itkin RJ, Krawiec DR, Cloran JA, et al. (1994): Ulcerative urocystitis in a dog associated with a Nocardia- like microorganism. JAVMA, 31, 296-299.
- Johnston GR, Walter PA, Feeney DA (1986): Radiographic and ultrasonographic features of uroliths and other urinary tract filling defects. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 16, 261-292.
- Kalınbacak A, Atalay Ö, Kırmızıgül AH, et al. (2004): Kedi ve köpeklerde sistitis’in tanısında çift kontrast sistografi tekniğinin kullanımı ve tedavide enrofloksasin’in etkinliğinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 111-115.
- Kealy JK, Mcallister H, Graham JP (2011): The abdomen. In: Kealy JK, Mcallıster H, Graham JP (Eds), Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. 23-198, Saunders Elsevier, USA.
- Lekcharoensuk C, Osborne CA, Lulich JP (2001): Epidemiologic study of risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases in cats. JAVMA, 218, 1429-1435.
- Leveille R (1998): Ultrasonography of urinary bladder disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 28, 799- 821.
- Nevins J, Mai W, Thomas E (2015): Associations between ultrasound and clinical findings in 87 cats with urethral obtruction. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 56, 439-447.
- Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Wisner ER (1995): Ultrasonography of the urinary tract and adrenal glands. In: Nyland TG, Mattoon JS (Eds), Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. 95-124, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Geliş tarihi: 16.08.2016 / Kabul tarihi: 01.03.2017 Address for correspondence: Doç. Dr. Oytun Okan ŞENEL Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. e-mail: oytunsenel@gmail.com
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, kedilerin alt idrar yolu hastalıklarının direkt radyografi, ultrasonografi, kontrast sistografi ile retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi ve her hastalık için en uygun görüntüleme metodunun ortaya konmasıdır. Çalışmada farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve ırkta 134 kedi, alt idrar yolu hastalıklarının bir veya daha fazla klinik bulgusu ile getirilmiştir. Kedilerin tamamı radyografi ve ultrasonografi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Alt idrar yolu hastalığı olarak sistitis (n=20), idrar kristalleri (n=35), sistitisle birlikte seyreden idrar kristalleri (n=51), idrar taşları (n=6), idrar kesesi polipleri (n=8), idrar kesesi içindeki kan pıhtıları (n=9), idrar kesesi rupturu (n=1) ve idiopatik obstrüksiyonlar (n=4) belirlenmiştir. İdrar kesesinin opak taşları direkt abdominal radyografi ile kolaylıkla tespit edilmiştir. Kronik sistitis ve idrar kesesi rupturunun belirlenmesinde kontrast sistografi; sistitis, taş, kristal, polip ve kan pıhtılarının teşhisi için ultrasonografi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, alt idrar yollarının değerlendirilmesinde ultrasonografinin yeterli bir görüntüleme metodu olduğu doğrulanmış, ancak radyografi ve kontrast sistografinin de idrar taşı, idrar rupturu, şüpheli idrar yolu obstrüksiyonu ve ultrasonografi ile belirlenemeyen kronik sistitis teşhisinde yararlı olduğu görülmüştür
References
- Buffington CAT, Westropp JL, Chew DJ, et al. (2006): Risk factors associated with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in indoor-housed cats. JAVMA, 228, 722-725.
- Burk RL, Feeney DA (2003): The abdomen. In: Burk RL, Feeney DA (Eds), Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasonography, A Diagnostic Atlas and Text. 1st edition, 249-476, Saunders, USA.
- Farrow CS (2003): Kidney, ureteral bladder, prostatic and urethral disease. In: Farrow CS (ed), Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging: The Dog and Cat. Mosby Inc, Philadelphia.
- Gerber B, Boretti FS, Kley S, et al. (2005): Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in European cats. J Small Anim Pract, 46, 571-577.
- Gunn-Moore DA (2003): Feline lower urinary tract disease. J Feline Med Surg, 5, 133-138.
- Hostutler RA, Chew DJ, Dibartola SP (2005): Recent concepts in feline lower urinary tract disease. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract, 35, 147-170.
- Itkin RJ, Krawiec DR, Cloran JA, et al. (1994): Ulcerative urocystitis in a dog associated with a Nocardia- like microorganism. JAVMA, 31, 296-299.
- Johnston GR, Walter PA, Feeney DA (1986): Radiographic and ultrasonographic features of uroliths and other urinary tract filling defects. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 16, 261-292.
- Kalınbacak A, Atalay Ö, Kırmızıgül AH, et al. (2004): Kedi ve köpeklerde sistitis’in tanısında çift kontrast sistografi tekniğinin kullanımı ve tedavide enrofloksasin’in etkinliğinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 111-115.
- Kealy JK, Mcallister H, Graham JP (2011): The abdomen. In: Kealy JK, Mcallıster H, Graham JP (Eds), Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. 23-198, Saunders Elsevier, USA.
- Lekcharoensuk C, Osborne CA, Lulich JP (2001): Epidemiologic study of risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases in cats. JAVMA, 218, 1429-1435.
- Leveille R (1998): Ultrasonography of urinary bladder disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 28, 799- 821.
- Nevins J, Mai W, Thomas E (2015): Associations between ultrasound and clinical findings in 87 cats with urethral obtruction. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 56, 439-447.
- Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Wisner ER (1995): Ultrasonography of the urinary tract and adrenal glands. In: Nyland TG, Mattoon JS (Eds), Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. 95-124, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Geliş tarihi: 16.08.2016 / Kabul tarihi: 01.03.2017 Address for correspondence: Doç. Dr. Oytun Okan ŞENEL Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery, 06110, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey. e-mail: oytunsenel@gmail.com
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA37SV65CB |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 1, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Volume: 65 Issue: 1 |