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Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey

Year 2016, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 01.03.2016

Özlem Şahan Elif Macide Aral Muhammet Muhktar Ali Aden Adil Aksoy Özge Yılmaz Ramin Jahed Mehmet Akan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701
Cited By: 5

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars, isolated from broiler faeces between years 2012 to 2013. The isolates were obtained from Ankara University Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology culture collection. Total of 267 Salmonella isolates were analysed. All isolates were serotyped previously and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility in the study. Serovar distribution was determined as S. Infantis %77.2, S. Enteritidis %9, S. Typhimurium %6.4, S. Liverpool S.Hadar %1.9, S. Dabou %1.5, S. Kentucky %1.1, S. Corvallis, S. Mbandaka ve S. Onarimon %0.4 by percentage. Resistance rate of isolated serovars to tested antimicrobials were found as; 42.2% to tetracycline, 42% to sulfanamide, 39.9% to trimethoprim, %36.9 to nalidixic acid, 32% to streptomycin, 31.5% to ampicilin, 15.3% to enrofloxacine, 11.5% chloramphenicol, 10.2% to ciprofloxacine, 3.5% to gentamicin, 3% to cefotaxime. Multidrug resistant Salmonella were detected as % 89.51. In conclusion, high antibiotic resistance rates were revealed and S. Infantis was found as dominant among isolated Salmonella strains

Keywords

Antibiotic susceptibility broiler Salmonella

References

  • Abdellah C, Fouzia RF, Abdelkader C, Rachida S, Mouloud Z (2009): Prevalence and anti-microbial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from chicken carcasses and giblets in Meknes, Morocco. Afr J Microbiol Res, 3, 215-219.
  • Akan M (2002): Türkiye’de Kanatlı Endüstrisi, Bölüm 1, Kanatlı Hayvan Hastalıkları, 1. Baskı syf: 1-7. Ed: İzgür M, Akan M. Medisan Yayın Serisi No: 50, Medisan Yayı- nevi, Ankara.
  • Akçelik M (2011): Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Infantis suşlarında çoklu dirençliliğin genetik do- ğası. BAP Arastırma Projesi http://acikarsiv.ankara.edu.tr/browse/6333/
  • Aksakal A (2003): Bazı kanatlıların dışkılarında Salmo- nella türlerinin varlığı ve yaygınlığı ile antibiyotik duyarlı- lıkları. YTÜ Vet Fak Derg, 14, 95-101.
  • Al-Zenki S, Al-Nasser A, Al-Safar A, Alomirah H, Al-Haddad A, Hendriksen ES, Aarestrup FM (2007): Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from a poultry farm and processing plant environment in the state of Kuwait. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 4, 367-373.
  • Antunes P, Reu C, Sousa JC, Peixe L, Pestana N (2003): Incidence of Salmonella from poultry products and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Int J Food Microbiol, 82, 97–103. 7. Arslan
  • S, Eyigör, A (2010): Occurrence and
  • antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella species in
  • retail meat products. J Food Prot, 73, 1613–1617.
  • Bilgili A (1994): Kanatlılarda antibakteriyel ilaç kullanım seçenekleri ve sakıncaları. AÜ Vet Fak Derg, 41, 243-253.
  • Cailhol J, Laıller R, Bouvet P, Vieille Sl, Gauchard, F, Sanders P, Brısabois A (2006): Trends in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in non-typhoid Salmonellae from human and poultry orıgıns in France. Epidemiol Infect, 134, 171–178
  • Carraminana JJ, Rota C, Agustin I, Herrera A (2004): High prevalence of multiple resistance to antibiotics in Salmonella serovars isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse in Spain. Vet Microbiol, 104, 133–139.
  • Doğru AK, Ayaz ND, Gencay YE (2010): Serotype identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasess. Trop Anim Health Prod, 42, 893–897.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2011): The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and foodborne outbreaks in 2009. EFSA J, 9, 2090–2477.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2013): The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2011. EFSA J, 11, 3196.
  • Elmadiena MMAN, Hussein AAE, Muckle CA, Cole L, Wilkie E, Mistry K, Perets A (2012): Antimicrobial susceptibility and multi-drug resistance of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars in Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod, 45,1113-1118.
  • Esaki H, Morioka A, Ishıhara K, Kojima A, Shiroki S, Tamura Y, Tkahashi T (2004): Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from cattle, swine and poultry (2001-2002): report from the Japanese veterinary antimicrobial Antimicrob Chemother, 53, 266–270. monitoring program. J
  • Fernandez EA, Calleja CA, Fernandez CG, Capita R (2012): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry in Spain: comparison between 1993-2006. Int J Food Microbiol, 153, 281–287.
  • Foley SL, Lynne, AM, Nayak R (2008): Salmonella challenges: prevalence in swine and poultry and potential pathogenicity of such isolates. J Anim Sci. 86, 149–162.
  • Gal-Mor O, Valinsky L, Weinberger M, Guy S, Jaffe J, Schorr YI, Raisfeld A, Agmon V, Nissan I (2010): Multidrug Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, Israel. Emerg Infect Dis, 16, 1754-1757.
  • Gyles CL (2008): Antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry. Anim Health Res Rev, 9, 149–158.
  • Hur J, Kim JH, Park JH, Lee Yj, Lee JH (2011): Moleculer and virulence characteristics of multi-drug resistant Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry. Vet J, 189, 306-311.
  • Hur J, Jawale C, Lee JH (2012): Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food animals: A review. Food Res Int, 45, 819–830.
  • Ke B, Sun J, He D, Li X, Liang Z, Ke C (2014): Serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and PFGE typing of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from 2007- 2012 in Guangdong, China. BMC Infect Dis,14, 338.
  • Kudaka J, Itokazu K, Taira K, Iwai A, Kondo M, Susa T, Iwanaga M (2006): Characterization of Salmonella isolated in Okinawa, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis, 59, 15-19.
  • Makaya PV, Matope G, Pfukenyi DM (2012): Distribution of Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry in Zimbabwe. Avian Pathol, 41, 221-226.
  • Molbak K (2005): Human health consequences of antimicrobial drug- resistant Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens. Food Saf, 41, 1613-1620.
  • Nogrady N, Toth A, Kostyak A, Paszti J, Nagy B (2007): Emergence of multidrug resistance clones of Salmonella Infantis in broiler chickens and humans in Hungary. J Antimicrob Chemother, 60, 645-648.
  • Oluwasile BB, Agbaje M, Ojo OE, Dipeolu MA (2014): Antibiotic usage pattern in selected poultry farms in Ogun state. Sokoto J Vet Sci, 12, 45-50.
  • Oliveira SD, Flores FS, Santos LR, Brandelli A (2005): Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from broiler carcasses, food, human and poultry- related samples. Int J Food Microbiol, 97, 297–305.
  • Parveen S, Taabodi M, Schwarz JG, Oscar TP, Harter- Dennis J,White DG (2007): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from processed poultry. J Food Prot, 70, 2466–2472.
  • Rahmani M, Peighambari SM, Svendsen CA, Cavaco LM, Agerso Y, Hendriksen RS (2013): Moleculer clonity and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran. BMC Infect Dis, 9, 66.
  • Screstha A (2010): First report of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Nepal. Vet Microbiol, 144, 522–524.
  • Scur MC, da Silva Pinto FG, Mira De Bona EA, Weber LD, Alves LFA, De Moura AC (2014): Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolates recovered from poultry of Western Paraná, Brazil. Afr J Agric Res, 9, 823-830.
  • Smith Dl, Harris AD, Johnson JA, Silbergeld EK, Morris JG (2002): Animal antibiotic use has an early but importantimpact resistancein human commensal bacteria. PNAS, 99, 6434- 6439. emergence of antibiotic
  • Tessari ENC, Kanashiro AMI, Stoppe GFS, Luciano LR, Castro AGM, Cardoso ALSP (2012): Important aspects of Salmonella in the poultry industry and in Public. In: Salmonella-A Dangerous Foodborne Pathogen. Ed: Mahmoud BSM, Chapter 9. http://www.intechopen.com
  • Threlfall EJ (2000): Epidemic Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104-a truly international multiresistant clone. J Antimicrob Chemother, 46, 7–10.
  • Yang B, Qu D, Zhang X, Shen J, Cui S, Shi Y, Xİ M, Sheng M, Zhi S, Meng J (2010): Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail of marketplace in Shannxi China. Int J Food Microbiol, 141, 63–72.
  • Yavari L (2012): Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica and the Role of Animal and Animal Food Control A http://www.phmed.umu.se/digitalAssets/104/104569_leila- yavari.pdf. of Europe and USA.
  • Zhao S, Cray FPJ, Fredman S, McDermott PF, Walker RD, Qaıyumı S, Foley SL, Hubert SK, Ayers S, English L, Dargatz DA, Salamone B, White DG (2005): Characerization of Salmonella Typhimuriım of animal origin obtained from the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2, 169-181.

Türkiye'deki broyler tavuk işletmelerinden izole edilen Salmonella serovarlarının antimikrobiyel direnç durumu

Year 2016, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 01.03.2016

Özlem Şahan Elif Macide Aral Muhammet Muhktar Ali Aden Adil Aksoy Özge Yılmaz Ramin Jahed Mehmet Akan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701
Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Kültür Koleksiyonu’nda bulunan ve 2012-2013 yılları arasında broyler tavuk dışkılarından izole edilen Salmonella serovarlarında antibiyotik direnci ortaya konuldu. Toplam 267 Salmonella izolatı ile çalışıldı. Tüm izolatların antimikrobiyel duyarlılıkları test edildi. Suşların dağılımı S. Infantis %77.2, S. Enteritidis %9, S. Typhimurium %6.4, S. Liverpool ve S. Hadar %1.9, S. Dabou %1.5, S. Kentucky %1.1, S. Corvallis, S. Mbandaka ve S. Onarimon %0.4 olarak saptandı. Suşların test edilen antimikrobiyellere karşı direnç oranları sırasıyla tetrasiklin’e %42.2, sulfanamid’e %42, trimetoprim’e %39.9, nalidiksik asit’e % 36.9, streptomisin % 32, ampisilin’e %31.5, enrofloksasin’e % 15.3, kloramfenikol’e %11.5, siprofloksasin’e % 10.2, gentamisin’e %3.5, sefotaksim’e %3.2 olarak bulundu ve % 89.51’inde çoklu direnç saptandı. Sonuç olarak izole edilen Salmonella suşlarında antibiyotik direnç oranlarının yüksek olduğu ve dominant serotipin S. Infantis olduğu ortaya kondu

Keywords

Antibiyotik direnci broyler Salmonella serovar

References

  • Abdellah C, Fouzia RF, Abdelkader C, Rachida S, Mouloud Z (2009): Prevalence and anti-microbial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from chicken carcasses and giblets in Meknes, Morocco. Afr J Microbiol Res, 3, 215-219.
  • Akan M (2002): Türkiye’de Kanatlı Endüstrisi, Bölüm 1, Kanatlı Hayvan Hastalıkları, 1. Baskı syf: 1-7. Ed: İzgür M, Akan M. Medisan Yayın Serisi No: 50, Medisan Yayı- nevi, Ankara.
  • Akçelik M (2011): Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Infantis suşlarında çoklu dirençliliğin genetik do- ğası. BAP Arastırma Projesi http://acikarsiv.ankara.edu.tr/browse/6333/
  • Aksakal A (2003): Bazı kanatlıların dışkılarında Salmo- nella türlerinin varlığı ve yaygınlığı ile antibiyotik duyarlı- lıkları. YTÜ Vet Fak Derg, 14, 95-101.
  • Al-Zenki S, Al-Nasser A, Al-Safar A, Alomirah H, Al-Haddad A, Hendriksen ES, Aarestrup FM (2007): Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from a poultry farm and processing plant environment in the state of Kuwait. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 4, 367-373.
  • Antunes P, Reu C, Sousa JC, Peixe L, Pestana N (2003): Incidence of Salmonella from poultry products and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Int J Food Microbiol, 82, 97–103. 7. Arslan
  • S, Eyigör, A (2010): Occurrence and
  • antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella species in
  • retail meat products. J Food Prot, 73, 1613–1617.
  • Bilgili A (1994): Kanatlılarda antibakteriyel ilaç kullanım seçenekleri ve sakıncaları. AÜ Vet Fak Derg, 41, 243-253.
  • Cailhol J, Laıller R, Bouvet P, Vieille Sl, Gauchard, F, Sanders P, Brısabois A (2006): Trends in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in non-typhoid Salmonellae from human and poultry orıgıns in France. Epidemiol Infect, 134, 171–178
  • Carraminana JJ, Rota C, Agustin I, Herrera A (2004): High prevalence of multiple resistance to antibiotics in Salmonella serovars isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse in Spain. Vet Microbiol, 104, 133–139.
  • Doğru AK, Ayaz ND, Gencay YE (2010): Serotype identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasess. Trop Anim Health Prod, 42, 893–897.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2011): The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and foodborne outbreaks in 2009. EFSA J, 9, 2090–2477.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2013): The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2011. EFSA J, 11, 3196.
  • Elmadiena MMAN, Hussein AAE, Muckle CA, Cole L, Wilkie E, Mistry K, Perets A (2012): Antimicrobial susceptibility and multi-drug resistance of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars in Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod, 45,1113-1118.
  • Esaki H, Morioka A, Ishıhara K, Kojima A, Shiroki S, Tamura Y, Tkahashi T (2004): Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from cattle, swine and poultry (2001-2002): report from the Japanese veterinary antimicrobial Antimicrob Chemother, 53, 266–270. monitoring program. J
  • Fernandez EA, Calleja CA, Fernandez CG, Capita R (2012): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry in Spain: comparison between 1993-2006. Int J Food Microbiol, 153, 281–287.
  • Foley SL, Lynne, AM, Nayak R (2008): Salmonella challenges: prevalence in swine and poultry and potential pathogenicity of such isolates. J Anim Sci. 86, 149–162.
  • Gal-Mor O, Valinsky L, Weinberger M, Guy S, Jaffe J, Schorr YI, Raisfeld A, Agmon V, Nissan I (2010): Multidrug Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, Israel. Emerg Infect Dis, 16, 1754-1757.
  • Gyles CL (2008): Antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry. Anim Health Res Rev, 9, 149–158.
  • Hur J, Kim JH, Park JH, Lee Yj, Lee JH (2011): Moleculer and virulence characteristics of multi-drug resistant Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry. Vet J, 189, 306-311.
  • Hur J, Jawale C, Lee JH (2012): Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food animals: A review. Food Res Int, 45, 819–830.
  • Ke B, Sun J, He D, Li X, Liang Z, Ke C (2014): Serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and PFGE typing of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from 2007- 2012 in Guangdong, China. BMC Infect Dis,14, 338.
  • Kudaka J, Itokazu K, Taira K, Iwai A, Kondo M, Susa T, Iwanaga M (2006): Characterization of Salmonella isolated in Okinawa, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis, 59, 15-19.
  • Makaya PV, Matope G, Pfukenyi DM (2012): Distribution of Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry in Zimbabwe. Avian Pathol, 41, 221-226.
  • Molbak K (2005): Human health consequences of antimicrobial drug- resistant Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens. Food Saf, 41, 1613-1620.
  • Nogrady N, Toth A, Kostyak A, Paszti J, Nagy B (2007): Emergence of multidrug resistance clones of Salmonella Infantis in broiler chickens and humans in Hungary. J Antimicrob Chemother, 60, 645-648.
  • Oluwasile BB, Agbaje M, Ojo OE, Dipeolu MA (2014): Antibiotic usage pattern in selected poultry farms in Ogun state. Sokoto J Vet Sci, 12, 45-50.
  • Oliveira SD, Flores FS, Santos LR, Brandelli A (2005): Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from broiler carcasses, food, human and poultry- related samples. Int J Food Microbiol, 97, 297–305.
  • Parveen S, Taabodi M, Schwarz JG, Oscar TP, Harter- Dennis J,White DG (2007): Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from processed poultry. J Food Prot, 70, 2466–2472.
  • Rahmani M, Peighambari SM, Svendsen CA, Cavaco LM, Agerso Y, Hendriksen RS (2013): Moleculer clonity and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran. BMC Infect Dis, 9, 66.
  • Screstha A (2010): First report of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Nepal. Vet Microbiol, 144, 522–524.
  • Scur MC, da Silva Pinto FG, Mira De Bona EA, Weber LD, Alves LFA, De Moura AC (2014): Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes isolates recovered from poultry of Western Paraná, Brazil. Afr J Agric Res, 9, 823-830.
  • Smith Dl, Harris AD, Johnson JA, Silbergeld EK, Morris JG (2002): Animal antibiotic use has an early but importantimpact resistancein human commensal bacteria. PNAS, 99, 6434- 6439. emergence of antibiotic
  • Tessari ENC, Kanashiro AMI, Stoppe GFS, Luciano LR, Castro AGM, Cardoso ALSP (2012): Important aspects of Salmonella in the poultry industry and in Public. In: Salmonella-A Dangerous Foodborne Pathogen. Ed: Mahmoud BSM, Chapter 9. http://www.intechopen.com
  • Threlfall EJ (2000): Epidemic Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104-a truly international multiresistant clone. J Antimicrob Chemother, 46, 7–10.
  • Yang B, Qu D, Zhang X, Shen J, Cui S, Shi Y, Xİ M, Sheng M, Zhi S, Meng J (2010): Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail of marketplace in Shannxi China. Int J Food Microbiol, 141, 63–72.
  • Yavari L (2012): Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica and the Role of Animal and Animal Food Control A http://www.phmed.umu.se/digitalAssets/104/104569_leila- yavari.pdf. of Europe and USA.
  • Zhao S, Cray FPJ, Fredman S, McDermott PF, Walker RD, Qaıyumı S, Foley SL, Hubert SK, Ayers S, English L, Dargatz DA, Salamone B, White DG (2005): Characerization of Salmonella Typhimuriım of animal origin obtained from the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2, 169-181.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Other ID JA38KM34SY
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özlem Şahan

Elif Macide Aral

Muhammet Muhktar Ali Aden

Adil Aksoy

Özge Yılmaz

Ramin Jahed

Mehmet Akan

Publication Date March 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016Volume: 63 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahan, Ö., Aral, E. M., Aden, M. M. A., Aksoy, A., et al. (2016). Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701
AMA Şahan Ö, Aral EM, Aden MMA, Aksoy A, Yılmaz Ö, Jahed R, Akan M. Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. March 2016;63(1):1-6. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701
Chicago Şahan, Özlem, Elif Macide Aral, Muhammet Muhktar Ali Aden, Adil Aksoy, Özge Yılmaz, Ramin Jahed, and Mehmet Akan. “Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Broiler Enterprices in Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 63, no. 1 (March 2016): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701.
EndNote Şahan Ö, Aral EM, Aden MMA, Aksoy A, Yılmaz Ö, Jahed R, Akan M (March 1, 2016) Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 63 1 1–6.
IEEE Ö. Şahan, E. M. Aral, M. M. A. Aden, A. Aksoy, Ö. Yılmaz, R. Jahed, and M. Akan, “Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2016, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701.
ISNAD Şahan, Özlem et al. “Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Broiler Enterprices in Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 63/1 (March 2016), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701.
JAMA Şahan Ö, Aral EM, Aden MMA, Aksoy A, Yılmaz Ö, Jahed R, Akan M. Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2016;63:1–6.
MLA Şahan, Özlem et al. “Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Broiler Enterprices in Turkey”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 63, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1-6, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002701.
Vancouver Şahan Ö, Aral EM, Aden MMA, Aksoy A, Yılmaz Ö, Jahed R, Akan M. Distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler enterprices in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2016;63(1):1-6.

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