Letter to Editor
Detection of exfoliative toxin in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from skins of healthy dogs and dogs with skin lesions
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of exfoliative toxin in Staphylococcus species isolated from nose and skins of 50 healthy dogs and skin lesions of 50 dogs at different race, age and gender; and to investigate the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus species in dogs. A total of 135 Staphylococcus intermedius (67.5 %), 12 S. aureus (6 %), 2 S. chromogenes (1 %) and 1 S. capitis (0.5 %) were isolated from 200 skin and nose samples. No bacterial growth was observed in 50 (25 %) samples. Among the isolated staphylococci, exfoliative toxin was not determined in 2 S. chromogenes and 1 S. capitis isolates but it was determined phenotypically in 54 S. intermedius isolates and both phenotypically and genotypically in 12 S. aureus isolates. As a result; it was determined that S. intermedius and S. aureus strains isolated in this study produced exfoliative toxin and because of their high isolation rates the opinion of their role in the etiology of canine pyoderma and importance of nasal carriage was supported. In this study the Staphylococcus spp. isolated from both skin and nasal mucosa samples of the same dog were compared for the first time and also it was determined that S. aureus strains isolated from dog skin produced exfoliative toxin for the first time
References
- Ardıc N, Özyurt M, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Haznedaroğlu T (2005): Investigation of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 26, 213-218.
- Ardıc N, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Özyurt M, Haznedaroğlu T, Ilga U (2006): Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Microbiol Res, 161, 49-54.
- Devriese LA, De Pelsmaecker K (1987): The anal region as a main carrier site of Staphylococcus intermedius and Streptococcus canis in dogs. Vet Rec, 121, 302-303.
- Frank LA, Kania SA, Hnilica KA, Wilkes RP, Bemis DA (2003): Isolation of Staphylococcus schleiferi from dogs with pyoderma. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 222, 451-454.
- Hartmann FA, White DG, West SEH, Walker RD, Deboer DJ (2005): Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius carriage by healthy dogs and comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to isolates from dogs with pyoderma. Vet Microbiol, 108, 119-131.
- Hesselbarth J, Flachsbarth MF, Amtsberg G (1994): Studies on the production of an exfoliative toxin by Staphylococcus intermedius. J Vet Med B, 41, 411-416.
- Hill PB, Moriello KA (1994): Canine pyoderma. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 204, 334-340.
- Hoekstra KA, Paulton RJL (2002): Clinical prevalence and antimicrobial suspceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius in dogs. J Appl Microbiol, 93, 406- 413.
- Ihrke PJ (1987): An overview of bacterial skin disease in the dog. Br Vet J, 143, 112-118.
- Johnson AD, Spero L, Cades JS, de Cicco BT (1979): Purification and characterization of different types of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun, 24, 679-684.
- Johnson WM, Tyler SD, Ewan EP, Ashton FE, Pollard DR, Rozee KR (1991): Detection of genes for enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staphylococcus aureus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol, 29, 426-430.
- Kapral FA, Miller MM (1971): Product of Staphylococcus aureus responsible for the scalded-skin syndrome. Infect Immun, 4, 541-545.
- Ladhani S (2003): Understanding the mechanism of action of the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 39, 181-189.
- Ladhani S, Joannou CL, Lochrie DP, Evans RW, Poston SM (1999): Clinical, microbial and biochemical aspects of the exfoliative toxins causing staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev, 12, 224-242.
- Laemmli UK (1970): Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London), 227, 680-685.
- Luna LG (1968): Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 3rd edition. New York: The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
- May ER, Hnilica KA, Frank LA, Jones RD, Bemis DA (2005): Isolation of Staphylococcus schleiferi from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis, pyoderma, or both. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 227, 928-931.
- Medleau L, Long RE, Brown J, Miller WH (1986): Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from canine pyodermas. Am J Vet Res, 47, 229-231.
- Melish ME, Glasgow LA (1970): The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: development of an experimental model. N Engl J Med, 282, 1114-1119.
- Piemont Y, Monteil H (1983): New approach in the separation of two exfoliative toxins from Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 17, 191-195.
- Prěvost G, Couppiě P, Monteil H (2003): Staphylococcal epidermolysins. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 16, 71-76.
- Sabini L, Torres C, Demo M, Sutil S, Lara L (2001): Effect of staphylococcus toxins isolated from dairy cow milk on vero cell monolayers. Rev Latinoam Microbiol, 43, 13-18.
- Sasaki A, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Wakita Y, Hayashi T, Ootsuki S (2005): Characteristics of Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from diseased and healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci, 67, 103-106.
- Sato H, Hirose K, Terauchi R, Abe S, Moromizato I, Kurokawa S, Maehara N (2004): Purification and characterization of a novel Staphylococcus chromogenes exfoliative toxin. J Vet Med B, 51, 116-122.
- Sato H, Matsumori Y, Tanabe T, Saito H, Shimizu A, Kawano J (1994): A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon. Infect Immun, 62, 3780-3785.
- Sato H, Tanabe T, Kuramoto M, Tanaka K, Hashimoto T, Saito H (1991): Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus and its exfoliative activity in the piglet. Vet Microbiol, 27, 263-275.
- Sentürk S, Özel E, Sen A (2005): Clinical efficacy of rifampicin for treatment of canine pyoderma. Acta Vet Brno, 74, 117-122.
- Sugai M, Inoue S, Hino T, Kuwabara M, Hong Y, Miyake Y, Suginaka H (1990): Purification of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin by high pressure liquid chromatography. Zentralbl Bakteriol, 273, 5-11.
- Terauchi R, Sato H, Hasegawa T, Yamaguchi T, Aizawa C, Maehara N (2003): Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus intermedius and its local toxicity in dogs. Vet Microbiol, 94, 19-29.
- Yamaguchi T, Nishifuji K, Sasaki M, Fudaba Y, Aepfelbacher M, Takata T, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Amagi M, Sugai M (2002): Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenecity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B. Infect Immun, 70, 5835-5845.
Sağlıklı ve deri lezyonlu köpeklerin derilerinden izole edilen stafilokok türlerinde eksfoliatif toksinvarlığının belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada farklı ırk, yaş ve cinsiyetteki 50 sağlıklı ve 50 deri lezyonu bulunan köpeğin burun ve derilerinden izole edilen stafilokok türlerinde eksfoliatif toksin varlığının belirlenmesi, izole edilen stafilokok türlerinin köpeklerdeki burun boşluğunda etken taşıyıcılığının araştırılması amaçlandı. Toplanan 200 deri ve burun örneğinden 135’inde S. intermedius (% 67.5), 12’sinde S. aureus (% 6), 2’sinde S. chromogenes (% 1) ve 1’inde S. capitis (% 0.5) saptanırken 50 (% 25) örnekte üreme olmadığı görüldü. İzole edilen stafilokoklardan, 2 S. chromogenes ve 1 S. capitis izolatında eksfoliatif toksin varlığı belirlenemedi ancak 54 S. intermedius izolatının fenotipik olarak, 12 S. aureus izolatının ise hem fenotipik hem de genotipik olarak eksfoliatif toksin ürettiği saptandı. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada izole edilen S. intermedius ve S. aureus’ların eksfoliatif toksin sentezleyebildikleri gösterilmiş olup yüksek izolasyon oranlarından dolayı kanin piyodermaların etiyolojisinde rol aldıkları ve burun boşluğunda etken taşıyıcılığının önemli olduğu görüşü desteklendi. Bu çalışmada ilk defa, aynı köpeğin hem derisinden hem de burun mukozasından örnek alınarak üreyen stafilokok türleri karşılaştırılmış ve yine ilk defa bu çalışmada, köpek derisinden izole edilen S. aureus suşlarının eksfoliatif toksin sentezlediği belirlenmiştir
References
- Ardıc N, Özyurt M, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Haznedaroğlu T (2005): Investigation of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 26, 213-218.
- Ardıc N, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Özyurt M, Haznedaroğlu T, Ilga U (2006): Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Microbiol Res, 161, 49-54.
- Devriese LA, De Pelsmaecker K (1987): The anal region as a main carrier site of Staphylococcus intermedius and Streptococcus canis in dogs. Vet Rec, 121, 302-303.
- Frank LA, Kania SA, Hnilica KA, Wilkes RP, Bemis DA (2003): Isolation of Staphylococcus schleiferi from dogs with pyoderma. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 222, 451-454.
- Hartmann FA, White DG, West SEH, Walker RD, Deboer DJ (2005): Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius carriage by healthy dogs and comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to isolates from dogs with pyoderma. Vet Microbiol, 108, 119-131.
- Hesselbarth J, Flachsbarth MF, Amtsberg G (1994): Studies on the production of an exfoliative toxin by Staphylococcus intermedius. J Vet Med B, 41, 411-416.
- Hill PB, Moriello KA (1994): Canine pyoderma. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 204, 334-340.
- Hoekstra KA, Paulton RJL (2002): Clinical prevalence and antimicrobial suspceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius in dogs. J Appl Microbiol, 93, 406- 413.
- Ihrke PJ (1987): An overview of bacterial skin disease in the dog. Br Vet J, 143, 112-118.
- Johnson AD, Spero L, Cades JS, de Cicco BT (1979): Purification and characterization of different types of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun, 24, 679-684.
- Johnson WM, Tyler SD, Ewan EP, Ashton FE, Pollard DR, Rozee KR (1991): Detection of genes for enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staphylococcus aureus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol, 29, 426-430.
- Kapral FA, Miller MM (1971): Product of Staphylococcus aureus responsible for the scalded-skin syndrome. Infect Immun, 4, 541-545.
- Ladhani S (2003): Understanding the mechanism of action of the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 39, 181-189.
- Ladhani S, Joannou CL, Lochrie DP, Evans RW, Poston SM (1999): Clinical, microbial and biochemical aspects of the exfoliative toxins causing staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev, 12, 224-242.
- Laemmli UK (1970): Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London), 227, 680-685.
- Luna LG (1968): Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 3rd edition. New York: The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
- May ER, Hnilica KA, Frank LA, Jones RD, Bemis DA (2005): Isolation of Staphylococcus schleiferi from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis, pyoderma, or both. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 227, 928-931.
- Medleau L, Long RE, Brown J, Miller WH (1986): Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from canine pyodermas. Am J Vet Res, 47, 229-231.
- Melish ME, Glasgow LA (1970): The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: development of an experimental model. N Engl J Med, 282, 1114-1119.
- Piemont Y, Monteil H (1983): New approach in the separation of two exfoliative toxins from Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 17, 191-195.
- Prěvost G, Couppiě P, Monteil H (2003): Staphylococcal epidermolysins. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 16, 71-76.
- Sabini L, Torres C, Demo M, Sutil S, Lara L (2001): Effect of staphylococcus toxins isolated from dairy cow milk on vero cell monolayers. Rev Latinoam Microbiol, 43, 13-18.
- Sasaki A, Shimizu A, Kawano J, Wakita Y, Hayashi T, Ootsuki S (2005): Characteristics of Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from diseased and healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci, 67, 103-106.
- Sato H, Hirose K, Terauchi R, Abe S, Moromizato I, Kurokawa S, Maehara N (2004): Purification and characterization of a novel Staphylococcus chromogenes exfoliative toxin. J Vet Med B, 51, 116-122.
- Sato H, Matsumori Y, Tanabe T, Saito H, Shimizu A, Kawano J (1994): A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon. Infect Immun, 62, 3780-3785.
- Sato H, Tanabe T, Kuramoto M, Tanaka K, Hashimoto T, Saito H (1991): Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus and its exfoliative activity in the piglet. Vet Microbiol, 27, 263-275.
- Sentürk S, Özel E, Sen A (2005): Clinical efficacy of rifampicin for treatment of canine pyoderma. Acta Vet Brno, 74, 117-122.
- Sugai M, Inoue S, Hino T, Kuwabara M, Hong Y, Miyake Y, Suginaka H (1990): Purification of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin by high pressure liquid chromatography. Zentralbl Bakteriol, 273, 5-11.
- Terauchi R, Sato H, Hasegawa T, Yamaguchi T, Aizawa C, Maehara N (2003): Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus intermedius and its local toxicity in dogs. Vet Microbiol, 94, 19-29.
- Yamaguchi T, Nishifuji K, Sasaki M, Fudaba Y, Aepfelbacher M, Takata T, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Amagi M, Sugai M (2002): Identification of the Staphylococcus aureus etd pathogenecity island which encodes a novel exfoliative toxin, ETD, and EDIN-B. Infect Immun, 70, 5835-5845.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA64HD35JH |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2010 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2010Volume: 57 Issue: 4 |