Letter to Editor
Technical and economic evaluation of stocking density, dietary energy level and carnitinesupplementation on laying hens
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of stocking density, dietary energy level and carnitine supplementation on performance, total costs, egg sale prices and profit of laying hens. One hundred seventy six, 32 weeks of age, Bovans white laying hens were used in the study. At the beginning of the study, hens were distributed to 8 groups with 4 replicates, hens in 4 groups were placed at the density of 500 cm2/hen and in the remaining 4 groups were placed at the density of 287.5 cm2/hen. Hens were fed either basal diet (low; 2650 kcal/kg ME or high; 2850 kcal/ kg ME) or basal diet supplemented with 200 ppm carnitine. Treatments were not effected the live weight, egg production and egg weight (p>0.05). Feed intake was significantly decreased and feed efficiency was significantly increased (p<0.001) in the groups fed high dietary energy. Minimum total cost and maximum profit were determined on high dietary energy, placed at a stocking density of 500 cm2/hen and carnitine free group. There was not significant interaction between treatments. In conclusion, the increased energy level of the diet improves the profit, but the impact of the carnitine on profit changes depending on the energy level of the diet and stocking density
Keywords
References
- Adams AW, Craig JV (1984): Effect of crowding and cage shape on productivity and profitability of caged layers: A survey. Poult Sci, 54, 238-242.
- Akıncı YM, Aral S (1975): Tavukçulukta pazarlama ve örgütlenme. Türkiye I. Tavukçuluk Kongresi, Ankara, pp. 221-260.
- Altan A, Altan Ö, Özkan S, Özkan K, Akbaş Y, Ayhan V (2002): Yüksek yaz sıcaklıklarında kafes yerleşim sıklığının yumurta tavuklarının performansı üzerine etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 26, 695-700.
- Bishop RJ, Dhaliwal S (1994): Cage density effects on production and welfare of layers. Poultry Information Exchange, Queensland, Australia, pp. 97-106.
- Bishop RJ, Purling TJ (1993): Production and welfare of laying hens in three bird cages at densities ranging between 450 and 750 cm² per hen. Ninth Poultry and Feed Convention, Queensland, Australia, pp. 159-163.
- Carey JB, Kuo FL, Anderson KE (1995): Effects of cage population on the productive performance of layers. Poult Sci, 74, 633-637.
- Connor JK, Burton HW (1975): Effects of cage population and stocking density on the performance of layers in Queensland. Aust J Exp Agric and Anim Husb, 76, 619-625.
- Corduk M, Sarica S, Calikoglu E, Kiralan M (2008): Effects of L-carnitine supplementation to diets with different fat sources and energy levels on fatty acid composition of egg yolk of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric, 88, 2244-2252.
- Cunningham DL, Ostrander CE (1982): The effects of strain and cage shape and density on performance and earfulness of White Leghorn layers. Poult Sci, 61,239-243.
- Çakır S, Yalçın S (2005): Farklı enerji düzeylerine sahip karma yemlere karnitin katılmasının broylerlerde performans, bazı kan parametreleri ve immum sistem üzerine etkileri. 205-212. III. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 07-10 Eylül 2005, Adana, Tam Metinler Kitabı.
- Çelik L, Öztürkcan O (2003): Effects of dietary supplemantal L-carnitine and ascorbic acid on performance, carcass composition and plasma L-carnitine concentration of broiler chicks reared under different temperature. Arch Anim Nutr, 57, 27-38.
- Çelik LB, Tekeli A, Öztürkcan O (2004): Effects of supplemental L-carnitine in drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a high ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 88, 229-233.
- Deng K, Wong CV, Nolan JV (2006): Long-term effects of early-life diatary L-carnitine on lymphoid organsand immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 90, 81-86.
- Gezen ŞŞ, Balcı F, Kardeş S, Petek M, Deniz G (2003): Enerji ve protein düzeyleri farklı rasyonlara L-karnitin katkısının broiler performansı ve iç organ ağırlıklarına etkisi. İ Ü Vet Fak Derg, 29, 229-240.
- Gordon RW, Roland DA (1997): Performance of commercial laying hens fed various phosphorus levels with and without supplemental phytase. Poult Sci, 76, 1172- 1177.
- Grobas S, Mendez J, Blas C De, Mateos GG (1999): Laying hen productivity as affected by energy supplemental fat and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poult Sci, 78, 1542–1551.
- Harms RH, Russell GB, Sloan DR (2000): Performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J Appl Poult Res, 4, 535-541.
- Jackson MB, Fodgb DW, Hsiao HY (1999): Effects of β- mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on laying hen performance. Poult Sci, 78, 1737-1741.
- Keeling LJ, Estevez I, Newberry RC, Correia MG (2003): Production-related traits of layers reared in different sized flocks: the concept of problematic ıntermediate group sizes. Poult Sci, 82, 1393-1396.
- Kita K, Nakajima S, Nakagawa J (2005): Dietary L- carnitine supplementation improves albumen quality of laying hens. J Poult Sci, 42, 79-83.
- Lee K, Moss CW (1995): Effects of population density on layer performance. Poult Sci, 74, 1754-1760.
- Lien TF, Horng YM (2001): Effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcase traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid B-oxidation of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci, 42, 92-95.
- McDaniel BA, Aske DR (2000): Egg prices feed costs and the decision to molt. Poult Sci, 79, 1242-1245.
- Müftüoğlu T (1999): İşletme İktisadı. Turhan Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara.
- Özçelik H, Yalçın S (2004): Broyler rasyonlarında L- karnitin ve sodyum humat kullanımı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 63-69.
- Rabie MH, Szilagyi M (1998): Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. Br J Nutr, 80, 391- 400.
- Rabie MH, Szilagyi M (1998): Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. Br J Nutr, 80, 391- 400.
- Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T (1997): Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. Br J Nutr, 4, 615- 623.
- Rodehutscord M, Timler R, Dieckman A (2002): Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on utilisation of energy and protein in broiler chicken fed different dietary fat levels. Arch Anim Nutr, 56, 431-441.
- Roland DA Sr, Bryant MM, Zhang JX (1998): Econometric feeding and management. 1. Maximizing profits in Hy-Line w-36 hens by optimizing total sulfur amino acid intake and environmental temperature. J Appl Poultry Res, 7, 403-411.
- Sarica S, Corduk M, Kilinc K (2005): The effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and composition of edible meat in Japanese quail. J Appl Poult Res, 14, 709-715.
- Sazzad HM (1992): Comparative study on egg production and feed efficiency of different breeds of poultry under intensive and rural conditions in Bangladesh. Livest Res Rur Dev, 3, 112-118.
- Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1980): Statistical Methods. 7th ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
- Um JS, Paik IK (1999): Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on egg production, eggshell quality, and mineral retention of laying hens fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult Sci, 78, 75-79.
- Uysal H, Deniz A (2002): L-Karnitin: Yapısı, biyolojik fonksiyonları ve klinik önemi. Türk Vet Hek Derg, 2, 50- 55.
- Wu G, Bryant MM, Voitle RA, Roland DA (2005): Effect of dietary energy on performance and egg composition of Bovans White and Dekalb White hens during phase 1. Poult Sci, 84, 1610-1615.
- Wu G, Gunawardana P, Bryant MM, Roland DA Sr (2007): Effect of dietary energy and protein on performance, egg composition, egg solids, egg quality and profits of hy-line w-36 hens during phase 2. Int J Poultry Sci, 10, 739-744.
- Yalçın S, Buğdaycı KE, Özsoy B, Erol H (2007): Farklı enerji düzeylerindeki rasyonlara L-karnitin ilavesinin bıldırcınlarda performans ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 54, 127-132.
- Yalçın S, Ergün A, Erol H, Yalçın S, Özsoy B (2005): Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets. Acta Vet Hung, 53, 361-370.
- Yalçın S, Ergün A, Özsoy B, Yalçın S, Erol H, Onbaşılar İ (2006): The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances on performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying hens. Asian Austral J Anim, 19, 1478-1483. Geliş tarihi: 28.03.2008 / Kabul tarihi: 05.11.2008
Yumurta tavuklarında yerleşim sıklığı, rasyon enerji düzeyi ve rasyona karnitin ilavesinin teknik ve ekonomik açıdan değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, yumurta tavuklarında farklı yerleşim sıklığı, enerji düzeyi ve rasyona karnitin ilavesinin performans, toplam maliyetler, yumurta satış geliri ve kâr üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada 32 haftalık, 176 adet beyaz Bovans ırkı yumurta tavuğu kullanılmıştır. Tavuklar çalışma başlangıcında 4 tekrarlı 8 gruba ayrılmış, grupların 4’ünde tavuklar 500 cm2/tavuk olacak şekilde yerleştirilirken, diğer 4’ünde ise 285.7 cm2/tavuk olacak şekilde yerleştirilmiştir. Tavuklar ya bazal diyet (düşük; 2650 kcal/kg ME veya yüksek; 2850 kcal/kg ME) ya da 200 ppm karnitin ilave edilmiş bazal diyet ile beslenmiştir. Uygulamalar, canlı ağırlık, yumurta verimi ve yumurta ağırlığını etkilememiştir (p>0.05). Yüksek düzeyde enerji içeren yemlerle beslenen gruplarda yem tüketimi önemli oranda azalmış, yemden yararlanma oranı ise artmıştır (p<0.001). En düşük toplam maliyet ve en yüksek kâr, 500 cm2/tavuk olarak yerleştirilen, yüksek enerjili ve karnitin içermeyen yemle beslenen grupta belirlenmiştir. Uygulamalar arasında önemli bir etkileşim bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, rasyon enerji düzeyindeki artış kârı olumlu yönde etkilerken, karnitinin kâra olan etkisi rasyon enerji düzeyi ve yerleşim sıklığına göre değişiklik göstermiştir
Keywords
References
- Adams AW, Craig JV (1984): Effect of crowding and cage shape on productivity and profitability of caged layers: A survey. Poult Sci, 54, 238-242.
- Akıncı YM, Aral S (1975): Tavukçulukta pazarlama ve örgütlenme. Türkiye I. Tavukçuluk Kongresi, Ankara, pp. 221-260.
- Altan A, Altan Ö, Özkan S, Özkan K, Akbaş Y, Ayhan V (2002): Yüksek yaz sıcaklıklarında kafes yerleşim sıklığının yumurta tavuklarının performansı üzerine etkileri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 26, 695-700.
- Bishop RJ, Dhaliwal S (1994): Cage density effects on production and welfare of layers. Poultry Information Exchange, Queensland, Australia, pp. 97-106.
- Bishop RJ, Purling TJ (1993): Production and welfare of laying hens in three bird cages at densities ranging between 450 and 750 cm² per hen. Ninth Poultry and Feed Convention, Queensland, Australia, pp. 159-163.
- Carey JB, Kuo FL, Anderson KE (1995): Effects of cage population on the productive performance of layers. Poult Sci, 74, 633-637.
- Connor JK, Burton HW (1975): Effects of cage population and stocking density on the performance of layers in Queensland. Aust J Exp Agric and Anim Husb, 76, 619-625.
- Corduk M, Sarica S, Calikoglu E, Kiralan M (2008): Effects of L-carnitine supplementation to diets with different fat sources and energy levels on fatty acid composition of egg yolk of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric, 88, 2244-2252.
- Cunningham DL, Ostrander CE (1982): The effects of strain and cage shape and density on performance and earfulness of White Leghorn layers. Poult Sci, 61,239-243.
- Çakır S, Yalçın S (2005): Farklı enerji düzeylerine sahip karma yemlere karnitin katılmasının broylerlerde performans, bazı kan parametreleri ve immum sistem üzerine etkileri. 205-212. III. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 07-10 Eylül 2005, Adana, Tam Metinler Kitabı.
- Çelik L, Öztürkcan O (2003): Effects of dietary supplemantal L-carnitine and ascorbic acid on performance, carcass composition and plasma L-carnitine concentration of broiler chicks reared under different temperature. Arch Anim Nutr, 57, 27-38.
- Çelik LB, Tekeli A, Öztürkcan O (2004): Effects of supplemental L-carnitine in drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a high ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 88, 229-233.
- Deng K, Wong CV, Nolan JV (2006): Long-term effects of early-life diatary L-carnitine on lymphoid organsand immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 90, 81-86.
- Gezen ŞŞ, Balcı F, Kardeş S, Petek M, Deniz G (2003): Enerji ve protein düzeyleri farklı rasyonlara L-karnitin katkısının broiler performansı ve iç organ ağırlıklarına etkisi. İ Ü Vet Fak Derg, 29, 229-240.
- Gordon RW, Roland DA (1997): Performance of commercial laying hens fed various phosphorus levels with and without supplemental phytase. Poult Sci, 76, 1172- 1177.
- Grobas S, Mendez J, Blas C De, Mateos GG (1999): Laying hen productivity as affected by energy supplemental fat and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poult Sci, 78, 1542–1551.
- Harms RH, Russell GB, Sloan DR (2000): Performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J Appl Poult Res, 4, 535-541.
- Jackson MB, Fodgb DW, Hsiao HY (1999): Effects of β- mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on laying hen performance. Poult Sci, 78, 1737-1741.
- Keeling LJ, Estevez I, Newberry RC, Correia MG (2003): Production-related traits of layers reared in different sized flocks: the concept of problematic ıntermediate group sizes. Poult Sci, 82, 1393-1396.
- Kita K, Nakajima S, Nakagawa J (2005): Dietary L- carnitine supplementation improves albumen quality of laying hens. J Poult Sci, 42, 79-83.
- Lee K, Moss CW (1995): Effects of population density on layer performance. Poult Sci, 74, 1754-1760.
- Lien TF, Horng YM (2001): Effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcase traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid B-oxidation of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci, 42, 92-95.
- McDaniel BA, Aske DR (2000): Egg prices feed costs and the decision to molt. Poult Sci, 79, 1242-1245.
- Müftüoğlu T (1999): İşletme İktisadı. Turhan Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara.
- Özçelik H, Yalçın S (2004): Broyler rasyonlarında L- karnitin ve sodyum humat kullanımı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 51, 63-69.
- Rabie MH, Szilagyi M (1998): Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. Br J Nutr, 80, 391- 400.
- Rabie MH, Szilagyi M (1998): Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. Br J Nutr, 80, 391- 400.
- Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T (1997): Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. Br J Nutr, 4, 615- 623.
- Rodehutscord M, Timler R, Dieckman A (2002): Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on utilisation of energy and protein in broiler chicken fed different dietary fat levels. Arch Anim Nutr, 56, 431-441.
- Roland DA Sr, Bryant MM, Zhang JX (1998): Econometric feeding and management. 1. Maximizing profits in Hy-Line w-36 hens by optimizing total sulfur amino acid intake and environmental temperature. J Appl Poultry Res, 7, 403-411.
- Sarica S, Corduk M, Kilinc K (2005): The effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and composition of edible meat in Japanese quail. J Appl Poult Res, 14, 709-715.
- Sazzad HM (1992): Comparative study on egg production and feed efficiency of different breeds of poultry under intensive and rural conditions in Bangladesh. Livest Res Rur Dev, 3, 112-118.
- Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1980): Statistical Methods. 7th ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
- Um JS, Paik IK (1999): Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on egg production, eggshell quality, and mineral retention of laying hens fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult Sci, 78, 75-79.
- Uysal H, Deniz A (2002): L-Karnitin: Yapısı, biyolojik fonksiyonları ve klinik önemi. Türk Vet Hek Derg, 2, 50- 55.
- Wu G, Bryant MM, Voitle RA, Roland DA (2005): Effect of dietary energy on performance and egg composition of Bovans White and Dekalb White hens during phase 1. Poult Sci, 84, 1610-1615.
- Wu G, Gunawardana P, Bryant MM, Roland DA Sr (2007): Effect of dietary energy and protein on performance, egg composition, egg solids, egg quality and profits of hy-line w-36 hens during phase 2. Int J Poultry Sci, 10, 739-744.
- Yalçın S, Buğdaycı KE, Özsoy B, Erol H (2007): Farklı enerji düzeylerindeki rasyonlara L-karnitin ilavesinin bıldırcınlarda performans ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 54, 127-132.
- Yalçın S, Ergün A, Erol H, Yalçın S, Özsoy B (2005): Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets. Acta Vet Hung, 53, 361-370.
- Yalçın S, Ergün A, Özsoy B, Yalçın S, Erol H, Onbaşılar İ (2006): The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances on performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying hens. Asian Austral J Anim, 19, 1478-1483. Geliş tarihi: 28.03.2008 / Kabul tarihi: 05.11.2008
There are 40 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Other ID | JA59GJ69HH |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2009 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2009Volume: 56 Issue: 4 |