Research Article
The impact of peripheral blood cell ratios in dogs with diffuse B-cellsmall lymphocytic lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol
Abstract
In this study, pre-chemotherapy hematological values of 14 dogs diagnosed with diffuse B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma were compared with the hematological data of 26 healthy dogs. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR) were evaluated between two groups. Anemia and an increased total leukocyte count were observed in dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy ones. The PNR value was found to be significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma. It was concluded that more comprehensive studies are needed to clearly understand the diagnostic and prognostic importance of hematological parameters in B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma of dogs.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This study does not present any ethical concerns.
References
- Binet JL, Caligaris-Cappio F, Catovsky D, et al (2006): Perspectives on the use of new diagnostic tools in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 107, 859–861.
- Bromberek JL, Rout ED, Agnew MR, et al (2016): Breed distribution and clinical characteristics of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med, 30, 215–222.
- Carbone A, Tripodo C, Carlo-Stella C, et al (2014): The role of inflammation in lymphoma. Inflamm Cancer, 816, 315–333.
- Childress MO (2012): Hematologic abnormalities in the small animal cancer patient. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract, 42, 123–155.
- Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Martini V, et al (2011): Immunophenotype predicts survival time in dogs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Vet Intern Med, 25, 100–106.
- Conti I, Rollins BJ (2004): CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol, 14, 149–154.
- Davies O, Szladovits B, Polton G, et al (2018): Prognostic significance of clinical presentation, induction and rescue treatment in 42 cases of canine centroblastic diffuse large B‐cell multicentric lymphoma in the United Kingdom. Vet Comp Oncol, 16, 276–287.
- De Arespacochaga AG, Schwendenwein I, Weissenböck H (2007): Retrospective study of 82 cases of canine lymphoma in Austria based on the Working Formulation and immunophenotyping. J Comp Pathol, 136, 186–192.
- Gavazza A, Lubas G, Valori E, et al (2008): Retrospective survey of malignant lymphoma cases in the dog: clinical, therapeutical and prognostic features. Vet Res Commun, 32, 291–293.
- Grilz E, Posch F, Königsbrügge O, et al (2018): Association of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with the risk of thromboembolism and mortality in patients with cancer. Thromb Haemost, 118, 1875–1884.
- Henriques J, Felisberto R, Constantino‐Casas F, et al (2021): Peripheral blood cell ratios as prognostic factors in canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol. Vet Comp Oncol, 19, 242–252.
- Hjelmström P (2001): Lymphoid neogenesis: de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines. J Leukoc Biol, 69, 331–339.
- Hughes KL, Ehrhart EJ, Rout ED, et al (2021): Diffuse small B-cell lymphoma: a high-grade malignancy. Vet Pathol, 58, 912–922.
- Jagielski D, Lechowski R, Hoffmann-Jagielska M, et al (2002): A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Prognostic Factors of Multicentric Lymphoma in Dogs (1998–2000). J Vet Med Ser A, 49, 419–424.
- Kol A, Marks SL, Skorupski KA, et al (2015): Serial haemostatic monitoring of dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 13, 255–266.
- Marconato L, Polton GA, Sabattini S, et al (2017): Conformity and controversies in the diagnosis, staging and follow‐up evaluation of canine nodal lymphoma: a systematic review of the last 15 years of published literature. Vet Comp Oncol, 15, 1029–1040.
- Mu S, Ai L, Fan F, et al (2018): Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients: an updated dose–response meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int, 18, 1–9.
- Mutz M, Boudreaux B, Kearney M, et al (2015): Prognostic value of baseline absolute lymphocyte concentration and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in dogs with newly diagnosed multi‐centric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 13, 337–347.
- Neuwald EB, Teixeira LV, Conrado FO, et al (2014): Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Pesqui Veterinária Bras, 34, 349–354.
- Owen LN (1980): TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals. World Health Organization.
- Parachini-Winter C, Carioto LM, Gara-Boivin C (2019): Retrospective evaluation of anemia and erythrocyte morphological anomalies in dogs with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 254, 487–495.
- Perry JA, Thamm DH, Eickhoff J, et al (2011): Increased monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 concentration and monocyte count independently associate with a poor prognosis in dogs with lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 9, 55–64.
- Pittaway C, Schofield I, Dobson J, et al (2019): Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary‐care practice. J Small Anim Pract, 60, 581–588.
- Ponce F, Marchal T, Magnol JP, et al (2010): A morphological study of 608 cases of canine malignant lymphoma in France with a focus on comparative similarities between canine and human lymphoma morphology. Vet Pathol, 47, 414–433.
- Purzycka K, Peters LM, Desmas I, et al (2020): Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors for canine multicentric non‐indolent T‐cell lymphoma: 107 cases. Vet Comp Oncol, 18, 656–663.
- Rejec A, Butinar J, Gawor J, et al (2017): Evaluation of complete blood count indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, and PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs with periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response. J Vet Dent, 34, 231–240.
- Ruslander DA, Gebhard DH, Tompkins MB, et al (1997): Immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphoproliferative disorders. In Vivo, 11, 169–172.
- Seelig DM, Avery AC, Ehrhart EJ, et al (2016): The comparative diagnostic features of canine and human lymphoma. Vet Sci, 3, 11.
- Shimono J, Takahashi S, Takemura R, et al (2019): Useful prognostic tools based on complete blood cell counts in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Int J Lab Hematol, 41, 754–761.
- Skor O, Fuchs‐Baumgartinger A, Tichy A, et al (2017): Pretreatment leukocyte ratios and concentrations as predictors of outcome in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol, 15, 1333–1345.
- Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al (2008): WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. WHO Press, Switzerland.
- Tasca S, Carli E, Caldin M, et al (2009): Hematologic abnormalities and flow cytometric immunophenotyping results in dogs with hematopoietic neoplasia: 210 cases (2002–2006). Vet Clin Pathol, 38, 2–12.
- Thamm DH (2019): Novel treatments for lymphoma. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract, 49, 903–915.
- Vail DM, Michels GM, Khanna C, et al (2010): Response evaluation criteria for peripheral nodal lymphoma in dogs (v1. 0)–a Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) consensus document. Vet Comp Oncol, 8, 28–37.
- Valli VE, Myint MS, Barthel A, et al (2011): Classification of canine malignant lymphomas according to the World Health Organization criteria. Vet Pathol, 48, 198–211.
- Villamil JA, Henry CJ, Hahn AW, et al (2009): Hormonal and sex impact on the epidemiology of canine lymphoma. J Cancer Epidemiol, 2009, 591753.
- Watabe A, Fukumoto S, Komatsu T, et al (2011): Alterations of lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy dogs with aging and in dogs with cancer. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 142, 189–200.
- Zandvliet M (2016): Canine lymphoma: a review. Vet Q, 36, 76–104.
Year 2024,
Volume: 71 Issue: 1, 51 - 56, 02.01.2024
Abstract
References
- Binet JL, Caligaris-Cappio F, Catovsky D, et al (2006): Perspectives on the use of new diagnostic tools in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 107, 859–861.
- Bromberek JL, Rout ED, Agnew MR, et al (2016): Breed distribution and clinical characteristics of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med, 30, 215–222.
- Carbone A, Tripodo C, Carlo-Stella C, et al (2014): The role of inflammation in lymphoma. Inflamm Cancer, 816, 315–333.
- Childress MO (2012): Hematologic abnormalities in the small animal cancer patient. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract, 42, 123–155.
- Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Martini V, et al (2011): Immunophenotype predicts survival time in dogs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Vet Intern Med, 25, 100–106.
- Conti I, Rollins BJ (2004): CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol, 14, 149–154.
- Davies O, Szladovits B, Polton G, et al (2018): Prognostic significance of clinical presentation, induction and rescue treatment in 42 cases of canine centroblastic diffuse large B‐cell multicentric lymphoma in the United Kingdom. Vet Comp Oncol, 16, 276–287.
- De Arespacochaga AG, Schwendenwein I, Weissenböck H (2007): Retrospective study of 82 cases of canine lymphoma in Austria based on the Working Formulation and immunophenotyping. J Comp Pathol, 136, 186–192.
- Gavazza A, Lubas G, Valori E, et al (2008): Retrospective survey of malignant lymphoma cases in the dog: clinical, therapeutical and prognostic features. Vet Res Commun, 32, 291–293.
- Grilz E, Posch F, Königsbrügge O, et al (2018): Association of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with the risk of thromboembolism and mortality in patients with cancer. Thromb Haemost, 118, 1875–1884.
- Henriques J, Felisberto R, Constantino‐Casas F, et al (2021): Peripheral blood cell ratios as prognostic factors in canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol. Vet Comp Oncol, 19, 242–252.
- Hjelmström P (2001): Lymphoid neogenesis: de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines. J Leukoc Biol, 69, 331–339.
- Hughes KL, Ehrhart EJ, Rout ED, et al (2021): Diffuse small B-cell lymphoma: a high-grade malignancy. Vet Pathol, 58, 912–922.
- Jagielski D, Lechowski R, Hoffmann-Jagielska M, et al (2002): A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Prognostic Factors of Multicentric Lymphoma in Dogs (1998–2000). J Vet Med Ser A, 49, 419–424.
- Kol A, Marks SL, Skorupski KA, et al (2015): Serial haemostatic monitoring of dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 13, 255–266.
- Marconato L, Polton GA, Sabattini S, et al (2017): Conformity and controversies in the diagnosis, staging and follow‐up evaluation of canine nodal lymphoma: a systematic review of the last 15 years of published literature. Vet Comp Oncol, 15, 1029–1040.
- Mu S, Ai L, Fan F, et al (2018): Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients: an updated dose–response meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int, 18, 1–9.
- Mutz M, Boudreaux B, Kearney M, et al (2015): Prognostic value of baseline absolute lymphocyte concentration and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in dogs with newly diagnosed multi‐centric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 13, 337–347.
- Neuwald EB, Teixeira LV, Conrado FO, et al (2014): Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Pesqui Veterinária Bras, 34, 349–354.
- Owen LN (1980): TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals. World Health Organization.
- Parachini-Winter C, Carioto LM, Gara-Boivin C (2019): Retrospective evaluation of anemia and erythrocyte morphological anomalies in dogs with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 254, 487–495.
- Perry JA, Thamm DH, Eickhoff J, et al (2011): Increased monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 concentration and monocyte count independently associate with a poor prognosis in dogs with lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 9, 55–64.
- Pittaway C, Schofield I, Dobson J, et al (2019): Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary‐care practice. J Small Anim Pract, 60, 581–588.
- Ponce F, Marchal T, Magnol JP, et al (2010): A morphological study of 608 cases of canine malignant lymphoma in France with a focus on comparative similarities between canine and human lymphoma morphology. Vet Pathol, 47, 414–433.
- Purzycka K, Peters LM, Desmas I, et al (2020): Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors for canine multicentric non‐indolent T‐cell lymphoma: 107 cases. Vet Comp Oncol, 18, 656–663.
- Rejec A, Butinar J, Gawor J, et al (2017): Evaluation of complete blood count indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, and PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs with periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response. J Vet Dent, 34, 231–240.
- Ruslander DA, Gebhard DH, Tompkins MB, et al (1997): Immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphoproliferative disorders. In Vivo, 11, 169–172.
- Seelig DM, Avery AC, Ehrhart EJ, et al (2016): The comparative diagnostic features of canine and human lymphoma. Vet Sci, 3, 11.
- Shimono J, Takahashi S, Takemura R, et al (2019): Useful prognostic tools based on complete blood cell counts in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Int J Lab Hematol, 41, 754–761.
- Skor O, Fuchs‐Baumgartinger A, Tichy A, et al (2017): Pretreatment leukocyte ratios and concentrations as predictors of outcome in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol, 15, 1333–1345.
- Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al (2008): WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. WHO Press, Switzerland.
- Tasca S, Carli E, Caldin M, et al (2009): Hematologic abnormalities and flow cytometric immunophenotyping results in dogs with hematopoietic neoplasia: 210 cases (2002–2006). Vet Clin Pathol, 38, 2–12.
- Thamm DH (2019): Novel treatments for lymphoma. Vet Clin Small Anim Pract, 49, 903–915.
- Vail DM, Michels GM, Khanna C, et al (2010): Response evaluation criteria for peripheral nodal lymphoma in dogs (v1. 0)–a Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) consensus document. Vet Comp Oncol, 8, 28–37.
- Valli VE, Myint MS, Barthel A, et al (2011): Classification of canine malignant lymphomas according to the World Health Organization criteria. Vet Pathol, 48, 198–211.
- Villamil JA, Henry CJ, Hahn AW, et al (2009): Hormonal and sex impact on the epidemiology of canine lymphoma. J Cancer Epidemiol, 2009, 591753.
- Watabe A, Fukumoto S, Komatsu T, et al (2011): Alterations of lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy dogs with aging and in dogs with cancer. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 142, 189–200.
- Zandvliet M (2016): Canine lymphoma: a review. Vet Q, 36, 76–104.
There are 38 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 2, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 71 Issue: 1 |
