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Seroprevalance of respiratory viruses and detection of persistent BVD virus infection in beef cattle

Year 2018, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 01.03.2018

Eda Baldan Öner Kadir Yeşilbağ

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Bovine respiratory infections are among the most important problems both in beef and dairy production worldwide. In this study, serological distribution of bovine respiratory viruses was investigated in three different age groups (6-8 month; 9-11 month; 12-15 month) of non-vaccinated beef cattle in a large capacity farm. Neutralizing antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus -1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus -3 (PI-3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were investigated. Total of 240 blood sera samples, 80 samples from each of the age groups were collected. Seropositivity rates for BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV and PI-3 were 96.3%, 98.8%, 100%, 100% in 6-8 month of age; 88.8%, 100%, 97.5%, 98.8% in 9-11 month of age and 71.3%, 95%, 93.8%, 96.3% in 12-15 month of age, respectively. According to this study, while group of 6-8 month and 911 month old animals exhibited a higher seropositivity against tested agents, 12-15 month old animals were determined to have decreased ratios. In addition, it was determined that a high proportion of multiple infections on account of all tested animals were found to be seropositive at least against two and more viruses. Statistical difference was determined only between 6-8 month and 12-15 month and between 9-11 month and 12-15 month of BVDV seropositivity (P<0.05)

Keywords

Beef cattle BHV-1 BRSV BVDV PI-3 persistent infection seroprevalance

References

  • Akça Y, Burgu İ, Gür S ve ark. (2004): A study on investigation of occurrence of some virus infection in Buffaloes in Turkey. Revue Med Vet, 155, 268-271.
  • Alkan F, Özkul A, Karaoğlu MT ve ark. (1997): Sığırlarda viral nedenli solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarının seroepidemiyolojisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 44, 73-80.
  • Alpay G, Tuncer P, Yeşilbağ (2014): Bir ada ekosistemindeki sığır, koyun ve keçilerde bazı viral enfeksiyonların serolojik olarak araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 61, 43-48.
  • Barber DML, Nettleton PF, Herring JA (1985): Disease in dairy herd associated with the introduction and spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Vet Rec, 117, 459- 464.
  • Beaudeau F, Björkman C, Alenius S ve ark. (2010): Research spatial patterns of bovine corona virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the Swedish beef cattle population. Acta Vet Scand, 52, 33.
  • Bradley JA (1985): Eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus-1) from a herd of beef cattle. Can Vet J, 26, 195-198.
  • Briggs RE, Kehrli M, Frank GH (1988): Effect of infection with parainfluenza-3 virus and infectious rhinotracheitis virus on neutrophil functions in calves. Am J Vet Res, 49, 682-686.
  • Burgu İ, Toker A, Akca Y ve ark. (1990): A seroepidemiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 97, 88-89.
  • Collins JK, Teegarden RM, MacVean DW ve ark. (1988): Prevalence and specificity of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sera from feedlot and range cattle. Am J Vet Res, 49, 1316-1319.
  • Çabalar M, Can Şahna K (2000): Doğu ve güneydoğu anadolu bölgesinde süt sığırlarında parainfluenza virus-3, bovine herpes virus-1 ve respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonlarının seroepidemiyolojisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 11, 101-105.
  • Çabalar M, Karaoğlu T (1999): Sığırlarda bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus enfeksiyonuna karşı antikor varlığının araştırılmasında nötralizasyon immunperoksidaz (NPLA) ve serum nötralizasyon (SN) testlerinin karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 249-255.
  • Ellis JA (2009): Update on viral pathogenesis in BRD. Anim Health Res Rev, 10, 149-153.
  • Erhan M, Onar B, Csontos L ve ark. (1971): Serological survey on some virus and bedsonia disease of cattle, sheep and horse. Pendik Vet Kont Araş Enst Derg, 4, 67-76.
  • Erhan M, Onar B, Tanzer F (1973): Parainfluenza-3 virusunun koyun ve sığırlardan izolasyonu ve bu virusa karşı aynı hayvanların kan serumlarıda hemaglütinasyon inhibisyon testiyle antikor taranması. Pendik Vet Kont Araş Ens Derg, 4, 67-76.
  • Ganaba R, Bélanger D, Dea S ve ark. (1995): A seroepidemiological study of the importance in cow-calf pairs of respiratory and enteric viruses in beef operations from northwestern Quebec. Can J Vet Res, 59, 26-33.
  • Gencay A, Dağalp SB, Şahna KC ve ark. (2009): Kayseri bölgesindeki sığırlarda bovine herpesvirus tip 1 (BHV-1) enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 23, 47-52.
  • Hay KE, Ambrose RCK, Morton JM ve ark. (2016): Effects of exposure to Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 on risk of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle. Prev Vet Med, 126, 159-169.
  • Houe H (1995): Epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. 521-547. In: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice.
  • Houe H, Meyling A (1991): Prevalence of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) in 19 Danish dairy herds and estimation of incidence of infection in early pregnancy. Prev Vet Med, 11, 9-16.
  • Jones C, Chowdhury S (2010): Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is an important cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex. 303-321. In: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practic.
  • Kimman TG, Zimmer GM, Westenbrink F ve ark. (1988): Epidemiological study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in calves: Influence of maternal antibodies on the outcome of disease. Vet Rec, 123, 104- 109.
  • Laegreid WW, Liggitt HD, Silflow RM ve ark. (1989): Reversal bactericidal dysfunction by cyclooxygenase inhibition in vitro. J Leukoc Biol, 45, 293-300. alveolar macrophage
  • Martin SW, Nagy E, Armstrong D ve ark. (1999): The associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. Can Vet J, 40, 560-7.
  • Moerman A, Straver PJ, De Jong MC ve ark. (1994): Clinical consequences of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a dairy herd: A longitudinal study. Vet Q, 16, 115-119.
  • Moore SJ, O’Dea MA, Perkins, N ve ark. (2015): Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest, 27, 6-17.
  • Nandi S, Kumar M, Manohar M ve ark. (2009): Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle. Anim Health Res Rev, 10, 85-98.
  • Obando RC, Hidalgo M, Merza M ve ark. (1999): Seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses of the bovine respiratory complex in Venezuela (Apure State). Prev Vet Med, 41, 271-8.
  • Okur Gumusova S, Yazici Z, Albayrak H ve ark. (2007): Seroprevalence of bovine viral respiratory diseases. Acta Vet Beograd, 57, 11-16.
  • Pardon B, De Bleecker K, Dewulf J ve ark. (2011): Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased, non- vaccinated, routinely medicated veal calves. Vet Rec, 169, 278.
  • Roshtkhari F, Mohammadi G, Mayameei A (2012): Serological evaluation of relationship between viral pathogens (BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI-3V, and Adeno3) and dairy calf pneumonia by indirect ELISA. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 1105-10.
  • Shirvani E, Lotfi M, Kamalzadeh M ve ark. (2012): Seroepidemiological study of bovine respiratory viruses (BRSV, BoHV-1, PI-3V, BVDV, and BAV-3) in dairy cattle in central region of Iran (Esfahan province). Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 191-5.
  • Smith RA (2000): Effects of feedlot disease on economics, production and carcass value. AABP, 33, 125-128.
  • Solís-Calderón JJ, Segura-Correa JC, Aguilar-Romero F ve ark. (2007): Detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus-3 in beef cattle of Yucatan, Mexico. Prev Vet Med, 82, 102-10.
  • Solis-Calderon JJ, Segura-Correa VM, Segura-Correa JC ve ark. (2003): Seroprevalence of and risk factors for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in beef cattle herds of Yucatan, Mexico. Prev Vet Med, 57, 199-208.
  • Solis-Calderon JJ, Segura-Correa VM, Segura-Correa JC (2005): Bovine viral diarrhoea virus in beef cattle herds of Yucatan, Mexico: Seroprevalence and risk factors. Prev Vet Med, 72, 253-262.
  • Suzan VM, Onuma M, Aguilar RE ve ark. (1983): Prevalance of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, bovine rotavirus, bovine viral diarrhea, bovine adenovirus- 7, bovine leukemia virus and bluetongue virus antibodies in cattle in Mexico. Jap J Vet Res, 31, 125-132.
  • Tuncer P, Yeşilbağ K (2015): Serological detection of infection dynamics for respiratory viruses among dairy calves.Vet Microbiol, 180,180-5.
  • Urban Chmiel R, Wernicki A, Puchalski A ve ark. (2015): Detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in young dairy and beef cattle in Poland. Vet Q, 35, 33-36.
  • Valarcher JF, Hägglund S (2006): Viral respiratory infections in cattle. In: Proceedings of the 24th World Buiatrics Congress, Nice, France.
  • Valarcher JF, Taylor G (2007): Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Vet Res, 38, 153-80.
  • Van Der Poel WH, Kramps JA, Middel WG ve ark. (1993): Dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections: A longitudinal epidemiological study in dairy herds. Arch Virol, 133, 309-321.
  • Van Vuuren M (1990): Serological studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in feedlot cattle in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc, 61, 168-169.
  • Winkler MT, Doster A, Jones C (2000): Persistence and reactivation of bovine herpes virus type 1 in the tonsils of latently infected calves. J Virol, 74, 5337-5346.
  • Yavru S, Şimşek A, Yapkic O ve ark. (2005): Serological evaluation of viral infections in bovine respiratory tract. Acta Vet Beograd, 55, 219-226.
  • Yeşilbağ K, Güngör B (2008): Seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in North-Western Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 40, 55-60.
  • Yıldırım Y, Burgu İ (2005): Kuzeydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki sığırlarda mavidil (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL ve BVD enfeksiyonlarının seroprevalansı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52, 113-117. Geliş tarihi: 16.03.2016 / Kabul tarihi: 30.03.2017

Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti

Year 2018, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 01.03.2018

Eda Baldan Öner Kadir Yeşilbağ

https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Sığır solunum sistemi enfeksiyonları tüm dünyada besi ve süt sığırı işletmelerindeki en önemli problemlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, büyük kapasiteli bir besi sığırı işletmesinde bulunan üç farklı yaş grubundaki (6-8 aylık; 9-11 aylık; 12-15 aylık) hayvanlarda solunum sistemi virüslerinin serolojik dağılımı incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda örneklenen hayvanlarda, bovine viral diarrhoea virüs (BVDV), bovine herpesvirüs-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratorik sinsityal virüs (BRSV) ve bovine parainfluenza -3 (PI-3) virüsleri için spesifik antikor varlığı araştırılarak, bireysel ve çoklu solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarının değerlendirmesi yapıldı. Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan her yaş grubundan 80 adet olmak üzere toplam 240 adet kan serumu örneği toplandı. Virüs nötralizasyon yöntemiyle yapılan analizler sonucunda BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV ve PI-3 için seropozitiflik değerleri sırasıyla 6-8 aylık grup için %96.3; %98.8; %100; %100; 9-11 aylık grup için %88.8; %100; %97.5; %98.8 ve 12-15 aylık grup için %71.3; %95; %93.8; %96.3 olarak tespit edildi. Elde edilen verilere göre 6-8 aylık ve 9-11 aylık hayvanların test edilen tüm etkenlere karşı yüksek seropozitifliğe sahip olduğu görülürken 12-15 aylık hayvanlarda bu oranın azalmaya başladığı belirlendi. Ayrıca örnekleme yapılan besi sığırlarının tümünün test edilen virüslerden en az iki veya daha fazlasına karşı seropozitif bulunması çoklu enfeksiyon varlığının yüksek oranda seyrettiğini gösterdi. Seropozitif hayvanların yaş grupları arasındaki dağılımının BVDV enfeksiyonu için 6-8 aylık ile 12-15 aylık ve 9-11 aylık ile 12-15 aylık yaşlar arasında istatistiki olarak önemli düzeyde farklı olduğu görüldü (P<0.05)

Keywords

Besi sığırı BHV-1 BRSV BVDV PI-3 persiste enfeksiyon seroprevalans

References

  • Akça Y, Burgu İ, Gür S ve ark. (2004): A study on investigation of occurrence of some virus infection in Buffaloes in Turkey. Revue Med Vet, 155, 268-271.
  • Alkan F, Özkul A, Karaoğlu MT ve ark. (1997): Sığırlarda viral nedenli solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarının seroepidemiyolojisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 44, 73-80.
  • Alpay G, Tuncer P, Yeşilbağ (2014): Bir ada ekosistemindeki sığır, koyun ve keçilerde bazı viral enfeksiyonların serolojik olarak araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 61, 43-48.
  • Barber DML, Nettleton PF, Herring JA (1985): Disease in dairy herd associated with the introduction and spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Vet Rec, 117, 459- 464.
  • Beaudeau F, Björkman C, Alenius S ve ark. (2010): Research spatial patterns of bovine corona virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the Swedish beef cattle population. Acta Vet Scand, 52, 33.
  • Bradley JA (1985): Eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus-1) from a herd of beef cattle. Can Vet J, 26, 195-198.
  • Briggs RE, Kehrli M, Frank GH (1988): Effect of infection with parainfluenza-3 virus and infectious rhinotracheitis virus on neutrophil functions in calves. Am J Vet Res, 49, 682-686.
  • Burgu İ, Toker A, Akca Y ve ark. (1990): A seroepidemiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 97, 88-89.
  • Collins JK, Teegarden RM, MacVean DW ve ark. (1988): Prevalence and specificity of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sera from feedlot and range cattle. Am J Vet Res, 49, 1316-1319.
  • Çabalar M, Can Şahna K (2000): Doğu ve güneydoğu anadolu bölgesinde süt sığırlarında parainfluenza virus-3, bovine herpes virus-1 ve respiratory syncytial virus enfeksiyonlarının seroepidemiyolojisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 11, 101-105.
  • Çabalar M, Karaoğlu T (1999): Sığırlarda bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus enfeksiyonuna karşı antikor varlığının araştırılmasında nötralizasyon immunperoksidaz (NPLA) ve serum nötralizasyon (SN) testlerinin karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 249-255.
  • Ellis JA (2009): Update on viral pathogenesis in BRD. Anim Health Res Rev, 10, 149-153.
  • Erhan M, Onar B, Csontos L ve ark. (1971): Serological survey on some virus and bedsonia disease of cattle, sheep and horse. Pendik Vet Kont Araş Enst Derg, 4, 67-76.
  • Erhan M, Onar B, Tanzer F (1973): Parainfluenza-3 virusunun koyun ve sığırlardan izolasyonu ve bu virusa karşı aynı hayvanların kan serumlarıda hemaglütinasyon inhibisyon testiyle antikor taranması. Pendik Vet Kont Araş Ens Derg, 4, 67-76.
  • Ganaba R, Bélanger D, Dea S ve ark. (1995): A seroepidemiological study of the importance in cow-calf pairs of respiratory and enteric viruses in beef operations from northwestern Quebec. Can J Vet Res, 59, 26-33.
  • Gencay A, Dağalp SB, Şahna KC ve ark. (2009): Kayseri bölgesindeki sığırlarda bovine herpesvirus tip 1 (BHV-1) enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansı. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 23, 47-52.
  • Hay KE, Ambrose RCK, Morton JM ve ark. (2016): Effects of exposure to Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 on risk of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle. Prev Vet Med, 126, 159-169.
  • Houe H (1995): Epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. 521-547. In: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice.
  • Houe H, Meyling A (1991): Prevalence of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) in 19 Danish dairy herds and estimation of incidence of infection in early pregnancy. Prev Vet Med, 11, 9-16.
  • Jones C, Chowdhury S (2010): Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is an important cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex. 303-321. In: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practic.
  • Kimman TG, Zimmer GM, Westenbrink F ve ark. (1988): Epidemiological study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in calves: Influence of maternal antibodies on the outcome of disease. Vet Rec, 123, 104- 109.
  • Laegreid WW, Liggitt HD, Silflow RM ve ark. (1989): Reversal bactericidal dysfunction by cyclooxygenase inhibition in vitro. J Leukoc Biol, 45, 293-300. alveolar macrophage
  • Martin SW, Nagy E, Armstrong D ve ark. (1999): The associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. Can Vet J, 40, 560-7.
  • Moerman A, Straver PJ, De Jong MC ve ark. (1994): Clinical consequences of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a dairy herd: A longitudinal study. Vet Q, 16, 115-119.
  • Moore SJ, O’Dea MA, Perkins, N ve ark. (2015): Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest, 27, 6-17.
  • Nandi S, Kumar M, Manohar M ve ark. (2009): Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle. Anim Health Res Rev, 10, 85-98.
  • Obando RC, Hidalgo M, Merza M ve ark. (1999): Seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus and other viruses of the bovine respiratory complex in Venezuela (Apure State). Prev Vet Med, 41, 271-8.
  • Okur Gumusova S, Yazici Z, Albayrak H ve ark. (2007): Seroprevalence of bovine viral respiratory diseases. Acta Vet Beograd, 57, 11-16.
  • Pardon B, De Bleecker K, Dewulf J ve ark. (2011): Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased, non- vaccinated, routinely medicated veal calves. Vet Rec, 169, 278.
  • Roshtkhari F, Mohammadi G, Mayameei A (2012): Serological evaluation of relationship between viral pathogens (BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI-3V, and Adeno3) and dairy calf pneumonia by indirect ELISA. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 1105-10.
  • Shirvani E, Lotfi M, Kamalzadeh M ve ark. (2012): Seroepidemiological study of bovine respiratory viruses (BRSV, BoHV-1, PI-3V, BVDV, and BAV-3) in dairy cattle in central region of Iran (Esfahan province). Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 191-5.
  • Smith RA (2000): Effects of feedlot disease on economics, production and carcass value. AABP, 33, 125-128.
  • Solís-Calderón JJ, Segura-Correa JC, Aguilar-Romero F ve ark. (2007): Detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus-3 in beef cattle of Yucatan, Mexico. Prev Vet Med, 82, 102-10.
  • Solis-Calderon JJ, Segura-Correa VM, Segura-Correa JC ve ark. (2003): Seroprevalence of and risk factors for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in beef cattle herds of Yucatan, Mexico. Prev Vet Med, 57, 199-208.
  • Solis-Calderon JJ, Segura-Correa VM, Segura-Correa JC (2005): Bovine viral diarrhoea virus in beef cattle herds of Yucatan, Mexico: Seroprevalence and risk factors. Prev Vet Med, 72, 253-262.
  • Suzan VM, Onuma M, Aguilar RE ve ark. (1983): Prevalance of bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, bovine rotavirus, bovine viral diarrhea, bovine adenovirus- 7, bovine leukemia virus and bluetongue virus antibodies in cattle in Mexico. Jap J Vet Res, 31, 125-132.
  • Tuncer P, Yeşilbağ K (2015): Serological detection of infection dynamics for respiratory viruses among dairy calves.Vet Microbiol, 180,180-5.
  • Urban Chmiel R, Wernicki A, Puchalski A ve ark. (2015): Detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in young dairy and beef cattle in Poland. Vet Q, 35, 33-36.
  • Valarcher JF, Hägglund S (2006): Viral respiratory infections in cattle. In: Proceedings of the 24th World Buiatrics Congress, Nice, France.
  • Valarcher JF, Taylor G (2007): Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Vet Res, 38, 153-80.
  • Van Der Poel WH, Kramps JA, Middel WG ve ark. (1993): Dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections: A longitudinal epidemiological study in dairy herds. Arch Virol, 133, 309-321.
  • Van Vuuren M (1990): Serological studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in feedlot cattle in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc, 61, 168-169.
  • Winkler MT, Doster A, Jones C (2000): Persistence and reactivation of bovine herpes virus type 1 in the tonsils of latently infected calves. J Virol, 74, 5337-5346.
  • Yavru S, Şimşek A, Yapkic O ve ark. (2005): Serological evaluation of viral infections in bovine respiratory tract. Acta Vet Beograd, 55, 219-226.
  • Yeşilbağ K, Güngör B (2008): Seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in North-Western Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 40, 55-60.
  • Yıldırım Y, Burgu İ (2005): Kuzeydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki sığırlarda mavidil (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL ve BVD enfeksiyonlarının seroprevalansı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52, 113-117. Geliş tarihi: 16.03.2016 / Kabul tarihi: 30.03.2017
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Other ID JA28TZ85ZA
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Eda Baldan Öner

Kadir Yeşilbağ

Publication Date March 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 65 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öner, E. B., & Yeşilbağ, K. (2018). Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820
AMA Öner EB, Yeşilbağ K. Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. March 2018;65(1):1-7. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820
Chicago Öner, Eda Baldan, and Kadir Yeşilbağ. “Besi sığırlarında Solunum Sistemi virüslerinin Seroprevalansı Ve Persiste BVD virüs Enfeksiyonu Tespiti”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65, no. 1 (March 2018): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820.
EndNote Öner EB, Yeşilbağ K (March 1, 2018) Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65 1 1–7.
IEEE E. B. Öner and K. Yeşilbağ, “Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2018, doi: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820.
ISNAD Öner, Eda Baldan - Yeşilbağ, Kadir. “Besi sığırlarında Solunum Sistemi virüslerinin Seroprevalansı Ve Persiste BVD virüs Enfeksiyonu Tespiti”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 65/1 (March 2018), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820.
JAMA Öner EB, Yeşilbağ K. Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018;65:1–7.
MLA Öner, Eda Baldan and Kadir Yeşilbağ. “Besi sığırlarında Solunum Sistemi virüslerinin Seroprevalansı Ve Persiste BVD virüs Enfeksiyonu Tespiti”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 65, no. 1, 2018, pp. 1-7, doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002820.
Vancouver Öner EB, Yeşilbağ K. Besi sığırlarında solunum sistemi virüslerinin seroprevalansı ve persiste BVD virüs enfeksiyonu tespiti. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2018;65(1):1-7.

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